saghi kousha

Breast cancer, as the most common cancer, is the cause of death of millions of people around the world. Given that psychological status can be effective in responding to treatment by affecting the immune system, the aim of this study was to present a model for predicting the status of the immune system through personality type D mediated by defense mechanisms in patients with breast cancer.

The statistical population of the present study included all women with breast cancer in Tehran and Gilan in 1398, from which 250 were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Type D personality, Questionnaire Defense Style Questionnaire and Warning Signs of Immunodeficiency. Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data using AMOS and SPSS software version 22.

The results showed that there was a significant and direct correlation between the status of the immune system and the neurotic defense mechanism, undeveloped defense mechanism and personality type D and a significant and inverse correlation between the status of the immune system and the developed defense mechanism. Also, defense mechanisms played a mediating role in the relationship between personality type D and immune system status in breast cancer patients.

Accordingly, in patients with breast cancer, the status of the immune system can be predicted through defense mechanisms and personality type D. Therefore, therapists and health professionals can help these people overcome their disease by designing interventions based on modifying defense mechanisms and personality type D. Thus, the more an individual uses the immature defense mechanism, the weaker the immune system is, and the use of the developed defense mechanism is associated with a stronger immune system. Based on the findings, it can be said that designing psychological interventions based on modifying defense mechanisms and changing personality type D, can help a patient with breast cancer to manage and treat the disease.

Breast cancer, as the most common cancer, is the cause of death of millions of people around the world. The aim of this study was to present a model for predicting the status of the immune system through coping strategies with stress and personality type D mediated by defense mechanisms in patients with breast cancer.

The statistical population of the present study included all women with breast cancer in Tehran and Gilan in 2019, from which 250 were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using a checklist of warning signs of immunodeficiency, a questionnaire of defense mechanisms, a questionnaire of personality type D and a questionnaire of coping strategies. The data were analyzed using structural equation method and smart-PLS- v3 software was analyzed.

The results showed that coping strategies did not have a significant direct effect on immune status scores. The direct effect of personality type D on immune status scores was significant. Defense mechanisms did not mediate the relationship between coping styles with stress and personality type D with immune status scores.

In general, it can be concluded that in patients with breast cancer, personality type D has a significant effect on the state of the immune system, and therefore therapists and health professionals can design interventions based on the correction of personality type D, Help these people overcome their illness.

  Breast cancer, as the most common cancer, is the cause of death in many women around the world. This study aims to predict the immune system performance based on stress coping methods and defense mechanisms in women with breast cancer.

The study population includs all women with breast cancer in Tehran and Guilan provinces of Iran in 2019, from whom 250 were selected by a purposive sampling method. Data were collected using the warning signs of immunodeficiency list, the Defense Style Questionnaire, and the Multidimensional Coping Inventory. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis in SPSS software, version 22.

The results of regression analysis showed that the emotion-focused coping as well as mature, neurotic, and immature defense mechanisms could significantly predict the immune system performance (P<0.05). Together, these variables were able to explain 28% of the variance in the immune performance.

In women with breast cancer, the immune system function can be predicted by their used defense mechanisms and stress coping strategies.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of music therapy on depression, quality of life and happiness of women with depression. This study methodology was quasi-experimental with one group pretest posttest design. 30 patients with minor and mild depression selected by purposeful sampling method on the basis of their attained cut-off point in Beck Depression Inventory (10-14 scores) and inclusion criteria (minimum education diploma, female gender, interesting to music) and formed this study experimental group. Then, 16 music therapy sessions were conducted on them. The data collection tools were including Long Form Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) and Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) that were conducted as a pretest and posttest. Kolmogoroph-Smirnov Test was carried out for investigation of data normality and finally, the data were analyzed with two dependent sample t-test. The results showed that there is a significant difference between obtained data from depression, happiness and quality of life of women with depression before and after music therapy. The effectiveness of this intervention on quality of life was more than happiness. These findings suggest that music therapy as a low-cost and accessible method to be applied to increasing of happiness and quality of life and reducing of depression in women with depression.