said mohammadtaqi mosavi

Central Asia is considered an influential strategic bull's eyes from Russia's point of view, so the mutability in this adjoining country of the region is aforethought Russia's insecurity. Russia seriously fought to reduce instability in Central Asia to ensure stable security in countries bordering Afghanistan by creating a collective security alliance or coalition entente. From 2001 to 2020, we were on the verge of the collapse of the central government of Afghanistan; Russia initiated various security policies for the region according to Afghanistan's security conditions.  interacting with America for fighting against terrorism; this country was the protagonist for overthrowing the Taliban government in 2001, but then to cooperating with the Taliban for the withdrawal of American forces from Afghanistan in 2021; Russia made it as a part of its security strategy. Russia’s strategy explained a realist theoretical framework that derived from Mersheimer's bellicose realistic pragmatism. The main query of this research is: "What was the Strategic impact of Russia in Central Asia on the Security condition of Afghanistan during 2001-2020?"  "Russia's strategy in Central Asia after the overthrowing of Taliban aimed for boosting and strengthening security in Central Asia, as considering as prevailing conditions in Afghanistan." Russia's concern about the smuggling of narcotics and the influx of extremists from Afghanistan to Central Asia persuaded this government to fight against terrorist groups. Russia tried in its strategy to prioritize the security of the borders of Central Asia, which is adjacent to this country. This research explained the descriptive-analytical method and library resources.

Afghanistan is one of the countries where the American had a significant impact on political developments, following the 9/11 attacks by al-Qaeda after the withdrawal of the Soviet forces. The initial goal of the American government was to combat terrorism, but they also played a crucial role in state-building and institutionalizing political structures in Afghanistan. This research examines the role of the United States during the presidencies of Bush, Obama, Trump, and Biden in the political developments of Afghanistan. Searches have shown that the United States has played a significant role in Afghanistan's political developments, from the formation of the government at the "Bonn I" Conference in 2001 to the collapse of the republican system in 2021. The finding of this research demonstrate that American leaders have purposed different policies towards Afghanistan, taking into account national interests, the international system, and internal issues within Afghanistan. These policies have ranged from Bush's preemptive attack to Obama's diplomatic efforts and Trump's withdrawal policy, ultimately leading to Biden's definitive withdrawal and the downfall of the republican system. This research utilizes a descriptive-analytical method, drawing on domestic and foreign written sources and authentic sites, within the theoretical framework of Marshaimer's aggressive realism.