sakine jafari

The aim of this study was to identify the components influencing the flourishing of the education system from the perspective of experts. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach and a case study method. The statistical population included experts in the field of educational flourishing and senior managers of the Education Department of Semnān Province in 2023. A total of 20 participants were selected through purposive sampling based on the principle of theoretical saturation. The research instruments consisted of semi-structured interviews and analysis of the documents related to this topic. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The data analysis resulted in the identification of 323 basic themes, 63 first-level organizing themes, and 15 second-level organizing themes related to the flourishing of the education system. These were categorized into four overarching themes:1. Flourishing at the ministry of education level: This included four organizing themes: policymaking and leadership, human resource management, economic conditions, and organizational structure, 2. Flourishing at the provincial education department level: This encompassed three organizing themes: leadership, professional development centers, and administrative staff and experts, 3. School-level flourishing: This included four organizing themes: individual flourishing, professional flourishing, organizational flourishing, and literacy of principals and teachers, and 4. Curriculum-level flourishing: This consisted of four organizing themes: skill-based curricula, future-oriented curricula, curricula based on the citizenship rights, and curricula focused on global citizenship education. The collected data were validated using the participant feedback method, and their reliability was assessed and confirmed based on the quality criterion (trustworthiness). Using the research findings, a model for the flourishing of the education system was proposed. It is hoped that by moving toward this model, the education system, as a cohesive whole, can bring about fundamental changes to establish and sustain flourishing at the levels of the Ministry, provincial education departments, schools, and curricula.

Neuro Linguistic Programing (NPL) is an approach that offers strategies to deal with life’s opportunities. It makes us aware of how things work, encouraging us to study and model successful people in different situations. This, in turn, can help us improve our communication both consciously and unconsciously. Besides, it enhances our ability to master changes. The term “neuro”, reflects the impact of our sensory input on our neurological function. It suggests that becoming a better learner involves listening better and are more observant, so we are more open to our own and other people’s experience. This helps us to make good decisions. The term “linguistic” emphasizes the importance of language awareness in getting better information to make decisions. By “programing”, we mean habits. NLP teaches us how we can develop and encourage useful habits. In general, NLP means using language to program our nervous system into more useful habits. NLP teaches that people can directly perceive a small part of the world using their conscious awareness, and that this view of the world is filtered by experience, beliefs, values, assumptions, and biological sensory system. NLP argues that people act and feel based on their perception of the world and their subjective experience of it. Using NLP, a person can model the more successful parts of their own behaviors to reproduce them in areas where they are less successful. It is believed that learners must develop their linguistic strategies to become independent (Harmer, 2001). The outcomes of some studies on Neuro-linguistic programing illustrate that these techniques will be helpful in second language learning. To highlight NLP techniques in second language learning, Tosey and Mathison (2003) have gone to great lengths. On the other hand, scientists believe that the use of these techniques and programs is one of the ways to reach independence (Holec, 1981). Unfortunately, so far, there has been a scarcity in the studies of the role of NLP in different fields (Moore, 2009). Teachers as well as students mostly focus their education on the content, without caring about the dominance over the learners’ minds. The authors of this study found limited research on NLP techniques within the scope of teaching Persian to speakers of other languages (TPSOL). In English, the study of the relationship between NLP and other variables such as gender, education level, experience, and academic achievements has been accounted for (Pishghadam, Shapoori, & Shayesteh, 2011). This study is significant for several reasons. First, it aims to improve learner independence, which is crucial for foreign language learning. Second, it explores the impact of NLP on the psychological aspect of language learning. Additionally, NLP techniques can lead to learner autonomy.

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of blended learning on intermediate PFL learners’ Persian grammar and vocabulary knowledge. Blended learning or utilizing of blended or mixed traditional curriculum materials by means of modern technology. The statistical population of the research were all PFL (Persian as a Foreign Language) learners in Iran who were involved in Persian learning. In This research, 60 intermediate PFL learners studying Persian in different institutes in Tehran participated. They were randomly divided into two groups namely control group (= 30 learners) and experimental or distant group (30 learners). It was based on non-random sampling due to the impossibility of total randomization. Prior to the experiment, based on a quasi-experimental approach, the participants were homogenized in terms of grammar and vocabulary. After the experiment, a posttest including grammar and vocabulary was administered to the same population. The outcome of the research illustrated that the blended learning setting has an outstanding effect on the learners’ knowledge of grammar and vocabulary. The results of the MANOVA test indicated that the blended or experimental group had a better performance in grammar and vocabulary as compared to the control or distant group. The results could be beneficial to researchers, teachers, and linguists.

Nurses, as one of the most important groups of care providers, always face with many stressors, which have negative effects for both the nurses and the patients. This study was aimed to investigate the role of perceived social support and job satisfaction on psychological distress of clinical nurses working in hospitals of Babol University of Medical Sciences.

This was a correlational study and the statistical population consisted of all nurses working in hospitals of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2018-2019 (Iran). Using stratified random sampling method, a number of 330 nurses were selected as the sample (264 females and 66 males). A four-part questionnaire was used for data collection which included the Demographic Characteristics, Perceived Social Support Scale, Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale.

The results showed that perceived social support had a significant negative relationship with the psychological distress in nurses (with a regression coefficient of -0.25). Also, job satisfaction had a significant negative relationship with nurseschr('39') psychological distress (with a regression coefficient of -0.15). The perceived social support and job satisfaction explained 10% of the variance in nurseschr('39') psychological distress.

The results showed that perceived social support and job satisfaction decreased nurseschr('39') psychological distress. Considering that psychological distress causes mental health disorder and decreases nurseschr('39') efficiency, emphasis on the need to develop strategies by nursing managers to increase social and organizational support and improve working conditions.

The study intended to analyze the general methods of common word-forming in Azerbaijani Turkish language. The aim was to reach this purpose by examining the construction of compound Azeri Turkish words. Sameei (2016) did a comprehensive study on word-forming process in Farsi, which was the inspiration source of this study for Azeri language word-forming. Numerous scholars had conducted various studies about this issue in different languages; however, Sameei's (2016) point of view and his application of variables like 'x' and 'y' were really attractive and considerable, although the absence of such study was quite visible to the Turkish language. Accordingly, this study considered 'x'(s) and 'y'(s) to represent the components of the compound words collected from reliable Turkish bilingual or monolingual dictionaries. Different patterns were introduced to show the structures of the recognized compound words. The compound words were assessed by the process, and also they were contrasted considering their syntactical chain, as Sameei did. Of course, the structural differences between the Turkish and Farsi languages were considered, and words structure were successfully analyzed with their components via the desired variables. The researcher hoped the results of the study would be applicable to wide ranges of audiences, from interested people to people who work for media and those who are active in teaching, education, and cultural areas and also would define compounding and word-forming process in this language on the basis of Sameei's (2016) viewpoint.

In the current turbulent word, security is considered as the most important factor in developing strategies for Ecotourism in the world and has a direct relationship with tourism. Lucrative tourism industry has a direct relationship with security at various national and regional levels and any flaw at various levels causes irreparable damages to this industry. Despite numerous discussions that have taken place in the field of security in the domain of tourism, its concept and examples have not yet been presented in the form of a scientific and compiled pattern. This study had been done to develop a qualitative security pattern in sustainable tourism development. The method of study is sequential-exploratory. Potential participants of this study were experts and specialists in the field of security and tourism that 10 experts of this domain were selected as participants by judgment sampling method; semi-structured interview were utilized. In order to analyze the qualitative data, content analysis method in three levels of basic, organizer and learner’s contents was used. Data validation was confirmed using data matching method. The results showed that this pattern has five learner’s contents (social security, economic security, political security, environmental security and cultural security), 12 organizer contents and 200 basic contents. The relationships between these contents are presented in the form of a pattern too.

Self-citation is an important challenging issue in evaluating the scientific outputs. The aim of this study was to assess analytically the relationship between the quality and self-citation in Persian Humanities Journals based on Persian Journal Citation Reports (PJCR) in the Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC). Citation analysis method was used in the present study and 67 Persian Humanities Journals indexed in the ISC database with impact factor. The results showed that the average self-citation rate for humanities sciences journals with selected impact factors in 2010 was 24. 45% in 2001- 2010. After analytical assessment of 67 reviewed journals، 23 of them had self-citation rate of 20% and less than 20%، and 20 of them had self-citation rate of more than 20%. Furthermore، results showed that the Impact Factor، Immediate Index، Matthew Value and the Proportion of Citing to their Articles with eliminating the effective self- citation in the four and combined indicators had decrease، increase and no changes in 65. 91%، 19. 35% and 14. 72% of journals، respectively. In addition، with eliminating the self- citations، the citation value of 56. 51% of the journals decreased، of 32. 78% had no changes and of 3. 94% of the journals reached to zero. There was positive and significant relationship between the self-citation and the quality of journals. Therefore، it is needed to determine a policy for the rate of self-citation on the behalf of editorial board to reduce it and to cite by the other journals.

Nuclear level density parameters are obtained by using the generalized superfluid model. For this purpose a critical energy is defined. Different relationships for nuclear level density are used for below and above regions of critical energy. Least square fitting is used to match these relations to the experimental data, and the required quantities are calculated to describe the level density. Finally the level density parameters are obtained.