salemi

Increasing the use of personal vehicles tend to be inadequate public transport system leads to the formation and establishment of environmental and traffic in the city. The researcher objective training needs assessment speed control systems from the perspective of the environment. This way you can identify the training needs of the target population and policy making in this regard decided. Information collected by field surveys and questionnaires. In this study, the population of citizens in Tehran city and the estimated sample size of n = 384 Cochran formula that was calculated. The results of the data analysis through regression analysis to investigate the correlation between independent variables and the dependent variable was analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the study that was done in 2016 year showed that the independent variables such as age, income, occupation, gender and activity status is significantly associated with the dependent variable. So the impact of the training programs to greatly on awareness and understanding in the field of adequate environmental control systems help highway network speed.

Three families of venomous snakes exist in Iran including Viperidae, Elapidae, and Hydrophidae. Viperidae family is the only family with a widespread distribution. Saw-scaled vipers are important poisonous snakes in Asia and Africa. This name is given to this snake due to the presence of obliquely keeled and serrated lateral body scales. Distribution of this genera is mostly reported in the central and southern regions of Iran. This genus has four main clades: the Echis carinatus, E. coloratus, E. ocellatus, and E. pyramidum. Design pattern in Echis species plays an important role in camouflage and variety of habitat. In the present report, we investigated a specimen from the eastern region of Iran; we examined 25 specimens of Echis that were collected from the eastern region of our country. Among them, only one specimen with a different pattern was found compared with the other 24 specimens by surveying meristic, mensural, and design pattern characters using valid key identifiers. The similarities between the specific Echis with a different pattern and other 24 specimens were also studied and compared. The results of this investigation clearly showed that although the pattern of the lateral white line and block on dorsal body of the specific Echis snake was different, since the meristic and mensural characters were similar to other Echis snakes it can be concluded that this specimen is not a different species; the difference in these patterns may be due to a minor genetic mutation of that specimen. It is the first case report of Echis carinatus sochureki Stemmler, 1969 from Iran with a different pattern.

Several studies have been conducted to develop more accurate and precise indices for hydrocarbons source apportionment. The present study, however, develops a new multi-metric index for hydrocarbons source apportionment. It measures Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentration at six stations with well known petrogenic origin, calculating Phe/An, Flu/Py, Chr/BaA, BaA/Chr, An/(An+Ph), Flu/(Flu+Pyr), and IP/(IP+Bghi) indices. All the indices could correctly determine the source of hydrocarbons, except for IP/(IP+Bghi). Subsequently, it uses principle component analysis method to create a combined multi-metric index, based on PAHs, the concentration of which also contributes to the evaluation of new index performance in stations with known origins. Results show that the new multi-metric index can determine the source of hydrocarbons with greater certainty. Then, using this index, the potential source of contamination in the area has been divided into six sections, namely HPY, MPY, LPY, MPE, HPE, and LPE, which indicate origin of high, moderate, and low risk of petrogenic contamination, as well as source of pyrolytic contamination with high, moderate, and low probabilities.

Application of aromatic compounds has dramatically increased as raw materials in various industries and different factories have been established to produce aromatic compounds. The current research aims at characterizing industrial waste generation in aromatics production process in petrochemical industries and determining the best feasible alternative for waste disposal. For this purpose, the world’s biggest aromatic producer, i.e. Nouri Petrochemical Complex (NPC), located in Asaluyeh, Iran, has been selected as case study. Firstly, different waste streams, generated during aromatics production, have been determined through a specific checklist. Spent industrial soil, catalyst, spent sieve, and Normal -Formyl -Morpholine (NFM) solvent are the most important identified wastes in NPC, with the former being the most generated waste in NPC with a rate of 600 tons per year. Afterwards, the mentioned waste has been sampled and important physicochemical specification such as heavy metals and organic compounds has been measured. Ni, Cu, and As are remarkable trace heavy metals, observed in all kinds of generated waste. In the next step, industrial waste classification and coding has been done, based on different guidelines. Finally different feasible alternatives like material recovery, sanitary landfill, and incineration have been compared, based on conventional economic, technical, and environmental indices. The best feasible waste disposal methods are the extraction of heavy metals from spent catalysts, recycling of spent molecular sieves and spent industrial soil as additives to building materials, and recovery of thermal energy by incineration of spent NFM solvent.

With the development of technology, and the diversification of chemicals needed in the industry, agriculture has increasingly expanded in recent decades, with increasing population, industrial and agricultural activities; the input of pollutants into the environment has increased. This research was carried out in 2016 with the aim of evaluating the possibility of non-cancerous effects of heavy metals caused by the consumption of Barbus grypus fish in the city of Mahshahr in summer. In this research, samples of fish required from the daily fisherman's hunting in Mahshahr port were prepared in 2016. Sampling was done randomly from trapped and ready-made fish in the market, in which 26 samples were used. After biometrics, the muscle tissue of the samples was isolated and chemically digested. A ratio of density of cadmium, nickel, lead, chromium and zinc on the muscle was measured by atomic absorption device (Ultima2c) and based on information gathering; the risk ratio of heavy metals was determined by the questionnaire. The results of this study showed that the average concentration of cadmium and nickel, lead, chromium and zinc on fish Barbus grypus to arrange 2. 848, 1. 933, 23. 3, 23. 93 and 0. 045 mg. dry weight, which was the amount of metallic cadmium, nickel, lead higher than the standard set by the world Organization like FAO, WHO, MAFF and FDA. According to the results of this study, the hazard ratio (HQ) of cadmium was higher than 1 (1. 10), nickel lower than 1 (0. 82), lead more than 1 (999. 9), chromium less than 1 (0. 019), and zinc more than 1 (10. 25), according to which the consumption of Barbus grypus fish in this area would have a severe risk for consumers as a result of heavy metals.

In this study, release mechanism of cisplatin anti-cancer drug inside Single-Walled Carbon NanoTube (SWCNT) through Ag-nanowire diffusion and also, the effects of nanotube diameter and temperature on the rate of release process was investigated via Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. The results showed that the van der Waals interaction between the Ag-nanowire and the SWCNT act as the driving force for the drug release which the highest of the release rate of cisplatin was observed in the body temperature and in the SWCNT with a larger diameter. Finally, the kinetics of drug release is fast and not related to the structural parameters of the nanotube and temperature, significantly

Due to the shrinking of feature size, reduction in supply voltage and technology scaling, the sensitivity to radiation induced transient faults of digital systems has dramatically increased. Soft error causes transient distortion in circuit operation and is expected to become very important in combinational logic with increment of the circuit frequency. In this paper, we introduce an optimized method for hardening of combinational logic circuits against soft errors. In this method, first we have found the most sensitive nodes of the circuit by observability computations. Next for optimizing power-delay product and area, the reliability of the circuit has been computed and the number of the necessary nodes for hardening will be identified. In the next step, three different hardening methods including time redundancy, Schmitt trigger and transistor feedback have been carried out on standard test circuits as our vehicles. The comparison of three method results show that the hardened circuits with Schmitt trigger have the most cumulative critical charge and the least power-delay product and lead to an optimum hardening. Moreover, the simulation results approve the optimized hardening is obtained from suitable selecting the number of required nodes considering observability concepts and reliability computations together with the best node hardening method. Monte-Carlo simulations also approve the performance of the proposed method against process variations.

Heavy metals enter the environment by natural and human resources, and the rate of their entry into the environment is considerable. Water ecosystems are naturally the final recipient of the metals. This study aimed to determine the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Pb) in, Cyprinus carpio fish. The concentrations of heavy metals were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer method. Samples of C. carpio muscle in Dezful City, southern Iran were assessed. Overall, 200 C. carpio fish samples were selected and analyzed randomly. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb were respectively 2.08, 0.2, 1.41, 39.95, 34.5 mg/ kg dry weight. The amount of Cd, Ni, Pb was higher than standard level of the FAO, MAFF, FDA, and WHO but Cr and Zn was lower than the standard of international organizations. Risk index (HQ) of Cd and Pb metals was higher than one but for other metals were lower than one. Consuming this kind of fish is a serious threat for consumers of the region.

An appropriate solid waste disposal has been a major problem in municipal environment. The use of landfills is the most economical and environmentally acceptable method for the disposal of solid waste all over the world. The analysis of spatial data and consideration of regulation and accepted criteria are part of the important elements in the site selection. The aim of this paper is to show how application of geographic information system could be used for siting solid waste disposal in Abadan city. In this paper, we consider types of soil suitable for solid waste disposals, land use/ land cover, transportation routes and proximity to surface water. Relative importance weight of each criteria in the geographic information system was determined and finally suitability map was prepared. Based on the final suitability map, appropriate solid waste landfill site was located in north east part of the study area. Select the best landfill site among the candidate ones, and the output results can enable decision makers to make appropriate decisions to reduce the costs both in economic and environmental criteria.

IntroductionWater crisis as a main factor of agronomy limitation exists in all over the arid and semiarid regions such as Isfahan province which is located in the central part of the Zayandehrud River Basin. This study aimed to use path analysis and indices of drought to evaluate the correlation coefficients between main physiological parameter (grain yield) with yield components and water use efficiency of winter wheat under three water conditions.
Materials and MethodsThe experiment was carried out in Kaboutar Abad Agricultural Research Station, Isfahan in the central region of Iran (32º 31’N, 51º 51’E is located at the altitude of 1545 m above the sea level) with a split plot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in three cropping seasons on irrigated wheat cultivars. The treatments were included three levels of irrigation (60%FI, 80%FI and full irrigation) as main plots and six wheat cultivars (Pishtaz, Shiraz, Sepahan, Marvdasht, Mahdavi and BC-Roshan) as sub plots. Grain yield, straw and stubble, biological yield, harvest index (H.I.), productivity degree (P.D.), water use efficiency (WUE), plant height, grain number per spike, spike number per m2 and TGW were determined. Winter wheat cultivars were sown at the beginning of November and harvested in mid-June of the following year. The seed rate was 400 seed m-2, with a row spacing of 0.75 m. The first irrigation was by furrow method, implemented one day after seeding. Seeds emergence was observed about 5 days later. The N application was 250, 200 and 300 kgha-1 of N (urea at 46% N) for each year divided into installments (10 days before planting, 30 days after planting, and every 30 days until the last irrigation). The P2O5 (phosphate ammonium and super-phosphate triple) application to soil was 200, 100 and 50 kg ha-1 during the 3 years, respectively. At this stage, cultivation was done to mix the fertilizers with top soil manually. Pests and weeds were controlled, following the recommendations given by Isfahan Pest Management Department. At harvest, the final total grain yield per plot was determined. The amount of evapotranspiration for irrigation scheduling was determined by using a crop coefficient (KC), ETpan from measured daily open Class A pan evaporation data, and pan coefficient values from FAO 24 (Doorenbos & Pruitt, 1977). Irrigation water requirement was calculated as the difference between ETc (=KC times ET0) and the effective rainfall amount. In this study, pan evaporation and rainfall amount data collected from the Kabutar Abad meteorological station located at the agricultural research center were used for calculating irrigation water application quantities. The irrigation schedule was timed to meet the crop water requirement. The depth of irrigation water and consequently the volume of water were applied weekly and irrigation amounts equaled the previous week’s evapotranspiration (ETc) from the crop. Then, taking into consideration the discharge of the irrigation siphons, the relevant irrigation duration for each treatment was also determined. For path analysis and determining direct and indirect effects of yield components on grain yield, three years data were used (3 Irr * 6 cultivars * 3 years).
Results and DiscussionResults showed significant correlations of grain yield with: productivity degree (r=0.798**), spike number per m2 (r=0.71**), biological yield (r=0.629**), harvest index (r=0.538**), and plant height (r=0.284*), respectively, and there was not significant correlation between grain yield with water use efficiency, straw yield, TGW and grain number per spike. On based of indices of drought tolerance (Tolerance Index=TOL, Mean Productivity=MP, Geometric Mean Productivity=GMP, Stress Susceptibility Index=STI and Harmonic Mean=HM), %60 of full irrigation for Pishtaz wheat cultivar was substantially increased water productivity (WP). Amounts of TOL, MP, GMP, STI, HM and WP for Pishtaz cultivar were -0.71, 1.94, 1.92, 1.82, 1.06 and 2.26 kg mm-1 and for Sepahan cultivar were -0.63, 1.83, 1.79, 1.59, 0.92 and 2.17 kg mm-1, respectively. Path analysis results showed that increase in grain yield was resulted from increase of spike number per square meter.
ConclusionsThe results showed that there is positive and significant correlation between grain yield and productivity degree, the number of spikes per square meter, biomass, harvest index and plant height. The most direct effect is related to the grain number per spike per square meter.
The 60% of full irrigation treatment for Pishtaz and Sepahan cultivars in terms of indices of drought tolerance (Tolerance Index, Mean Productivity, Geometric Mean Productivity, Stress Susceptibility Index, and Harmonic Mean) was preferred. These results can be considered in future breeding studies.

The present study attempted to investigate the role of EI in predicting the psychological maturity of students. Using cluster-stratified sampling¡ 780 undergraduate and postgraduate students¡ 337 females (43%) and 443 males (57%)¡ of the universities of Ahvaz¡ Gilan¡ and Tehran were selected randomly and were asked to complete emotional intelligence (Schutte¡ Malouff¡ Hall¡ Haggerty¡ Cooper¡ Golden¡ and Dornheim¡ 1998) and psychological maturity (Mohammadkhani¡ Hasanabadi and Ramezani¡ 2013) scales. Correlation and stepwise regression methods were employed for data analysis. Results suggested a positive and statistically significant correlation between emotional intelligence and psychological maturity. The emotional exploitation subscale was also found to be a predictor of psychological maturity in the students. Moreover¡ results from the multivariable regression analysis revealed that emotional exploitation accounted for 32 percent of the variance of psychological maturity¡ and also suggested that emotional intelligence appears to operate as a predictor in all domains and components of the students’ psychological maturity. Therefore¡ students can foster their psychological maturity by means of strategies such as training courses on emotional intelligence.

Water crisis as a main factor of agronomy limitation exists in all over the arid and semiarid regions such as Isfahan, province which is located in the central part of the Zayandehrud River Basin (ZRB). Due to the increase in the cultivated area of potato in Fareidan Region located in the west of Isfahan province, it will be necessary to use pressurized irrigation systems to achieve the highest irrigation application efficiency and water productivity.
The ZRB (41,500 km2) is a closed basin with no outlet to the sea. The research was conducted in the Fareidan region of Isfahan, which is located in the west part of the ZRB. The Rozveh Agricultural Research Station (32°, 58' N, 50°, 25' E) is located at the altitude of 2390 m above the sea level. This study was conducted as a randomized complete blocks design as a split strip plot layout with three replications and during two years (2007-2008). Three irrigation systems (Drip tape, Sprinkler and furrow) were considered as main plots, two planting methods (one - row planting and two-row planting) as split subplots and two potato cultivars (Marfuna and Agria) as split-split subplots. Production (Tuber-yield), the consumption water and cultivars reactions to common diseases were evaluated in different treatments. The soil of the experimental area, according to USDA Soil Taxonomy 1994 is of silty loamy. At the soil depth of 1m, soil salinity (1.1-2.0 dS m-1), water salinity (1.24 dS m-1), soil moisture at field capacity (23 Vol. %), and bulk density (BD = 1.44 g/cm3) at the field site were measured or experimentally obtained in the Isfahan Soil and Water Laboratory. The results were subjected to an ANOVA to analyze the effects of the treatments and their interactions. The data obtained were analyzed using the compound variance analysis and the averages of different treatments were separated using the Duncan multiple range test using the statistical software (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC). The probability level of 0.05 (Duncan's test) also was selected.
An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted on the irrigation systems and planting methods using PROC GLM (SAS 9.1, SAS institute Ltd., USA). Duncan’s multiple range tests at 0.05 probability level was used for paired mean comparison. The Results provided in two years show that the effect of irrigation systems × year (P≤0.05) and cultivars × year (P≤0.01) on (Tuber-yield), the consumption water and cultivars reactions to common diseases were found to be significant. There is no interaction between irrigation and planting methods, Variety × planting methods, Variety × irrigation, irrigation × Variety × planting methods and irrigation × Variety × planting methods × Year for (Tuber-yield), the consumption water and cultivate reactions to common diseases. On the contrary, the effects of the irrigation system treatments on the Tuber-yield and water productivity were significant (p≤0.05). The effects of variety on Tuber-yield and water productivity were not significantly (P≥0.05) detected.
Sprinkler irrigation method with 26152 kg ha-1 of production mean was preferred significantly to tape irrigation method with 23974 kg/ha of production mean. Tape irrigation leaded to the highest mean of WP equal to 4.69 kg m-3. Two years comparison of yield mean showed no significant difference between Agria and Marfuna potato cultivars. The two year comparison results of yield means using different planting methods indicated that one row planting method (24839 kg ha-1) was preferred significantly comparing to two row planting methods (22927 kg ha-1). Evaluation of tuber infection by ordinary scab and rhizoctonia showed that the highest mean of infection way observed in furrow method and the lowest one was observed in tape method of irrigation. Scab infection in furrow irrigation was 47% higher than sprinkler irrigation and 78% higher than tape irrigation.
During the three (2) years of the experiments with the three (3) irrigation treatments imposed on the potato crop, it was found that the drip type irrigation system, despite its lower yield than sprinkler irrigation, increased water productivity. A lowest pollution tuber to scab infection and rhizoctonia was determined by Drip type method. Thus, using this method, particularly in water restrictions on potato planting is required. The highest tuber yield was obtained in sprinkler irrigation, as well as from the point of view of the intensity and the infection rate of diseases on the tuber to Scab and rhizoctonia there was significant advantage compared to furrow irrigation. Therefore, in the lack of water restriction and the high speed wind can be used. The results showed that the one row planting method for all treatments is desirable therefore highly recommended for agricultural potato production.

To investigate gray literature management in libraries of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) regarding collection management, organizing and distribution.Methodology/Approach: Using a questionnaire, the viewpoints of 52 library managers of AREEO were evaluated. 40.4% of libraries use the resource own name for referring to gray literature.Only 8.5% of libraries have written manual for collecting gray resources. None of the libraries have a selection committee for gray literature. 26.9% of libraries have a list of gray resources kept in their libraries and 70.45% of them specified them in Simorgh database. 63.5% of libraries cannot access such resources using interlibrary loan or shared purchases. The weeding is not conducted on gray resources of 59.6% of libraries. Most of these resources are acquired via dedication. Also, in 73.2% of libraries the organization of these resources is done both manually and mechanically. There is not enough attention toward gray resources management in libraries. That could be due to unfamiliarity of such resources. The results of this research can be somewhat popularized to other libraries of Iran.

Alkaline water could be prepared through both electro-chemical and natural ways and previous studies have shown that alkaline water scavenges oxygen radicals in cell culture. It’s expected that alkaline water has positive and preventive effects on diseases related to stress oxidative like atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. In recent study, we showed the effects of alkaline water on serum lipid profile in wistar rats. In this study 32 male wistar rats weighing 250-200 g were used. Rats divided randomly into four groups, namely control group, alkaline group 1, alkaline group 2 by adding sodium bicarbonate, and acidic group by adding acetic acid to their drinking water. After 32 weeks, blood samples were obtained and lipid profile was measured in all groups, the data was analyzed with SPSS statistical software. Relay on obtained results, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in alkaline water group1 and 2 to control group and LDL concentrations in alkaline water group1 have been reduced significantly (p<0.5). While LDL concentration in alkaline water group2 and HDL concentrations in alkaline water group1 and 2 to control group have not significant changes. Results of this study declare that daily administration of alkaline water can improve serum lipid profile and maybe reduced risk of oxidative stress diseases.

The main purpose of this study was to compare the impact of strategic and recreational computer games on promoting students’ creativity. The research method was quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test. The population of the study comprised all Tehrani male first graders of high school in 2014-2015 academic year. For the purpose of sampling, multi-stage cluster sampling method was utilized, two groups were selected and they were randomly assigned to strategic and recreational computer games groups. Next, the creativity pre-test was administered to the control and experimental groups. Subsequently, one group received strategic computer games and the other group had recreational computer games for a semester. A post-test was given to both groups at the end of the semester. The obtained data were analyzed through analysis of covariance. The results of the study was indicative of the effectiveness of strategic computer games compared to recreational ones in promoting creativity and its three dimensions (fluency, flexibility, and elaboration); however, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the originality component. The findings of this study indicated that strategic computer games were more effective than recreational ones in boosting student's creative thinking; hence, it is recommended that administrators, principals, teachers and parents suggest playing strategic computer games to students.

Simulation models are important for evaluation of the effects of environmental stress on crop yield. The AquaCrop model is a valuable tool for improving farm-level water management because of its excellent crop yield simulation under full, deficit, and supplemental irrigation. The present study evaluated the AquaCrop model over two years of experimental data for the Zayandehrud rice cultivar on research conducted in the Nekuabad irrigation network, which features clay soil texture and mildly saline water. The irrigation treatments consist of continuous flooding to depths of 22 and 35 mm and alternative wetting-and-drying soil saturation levels from 0 (saturation) to 15 mm in depth. The model was able to accurately simulate rice yield under full irrigation and mild deficit irrigation scenarios. Increasing the water stress decreased the accuracy of model simulation for grain yield and canopy cover. The results of the reliability indices were 1.03 for root mean square error, 0.71 for index of agreement, and 0.6 for coefficient of residual mass. The model provided excellent simulations of grain yield, biomass and canopy cover. The best fitted curve for the crop water production function for the cultivar and region was a second-order function with an acceptable coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.91.

This study was done in Hormoz Larvea Shrimp Breeding in 2013 for two month. Treatments include: Control T. without probiotic with water exchange, T1. probiotic added to water with water exchange, T2. enriched artemia with probiotic with water exchange, T3. probiotic added in water without water exchange and T4. enriched artemia without water exchange. For each treatment, three replication was considered and totally 1500 PL of indicus shrimp (F.indicus) was used. PL was feded to 8 days in 6 time include 4, 8, 12,16,20 and 24 o’clock which in 8 and 20 nauplii artemia was used. Results shows that maximum final weight and length inT2 but no significant different were between treatment (P>0.05). Also maximum growth rate was in T2 and had significant different between treatments (P<0.05). Maximum size different was found in control T but no significant different was between treatments (P>0.05). Maximum survival rate related to T2 and T4 and had significant different between treatments (P<0.05). Use of probiotic EM induce growth rate, survival rate and reduce size different between Indian shrimp (F.indicus) post larvae.

Determination and identification of effective factors on wheat seed yield under water deficient condition is very important. Nitrogen application causes optimum usage of water and soil resources. In order to study supplemental irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer effect on drought tolerance index and correlation among some physiological traits and grain yield, an experiment was conducted as a split- plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during three crop seasons (1999-2002). The treatments were four levels of supplemental irrigation (rainfed, 95, 151 and 207 mm of irrigation) as main plots and five nitrogen rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 Kg N ha-1) as sub plots. The results showed positive and significant correlations of grain yield with biological yield (r=0.96**), plant height (r=0.93**), straw yield (r= 0.92**), seed number per spike (r=0.87**), spike number per square meter (r=0.84**), TKW (r=0.52**) and harvest index (r=0.49**). Path analysis results showed that seed number per spike, plant height, straw and spike number per square meter had main effect on seed yield. Drought tolerance indices of (Tolerance Index, Mean Productivity, Geometric Mean Productivity, Stress Tolerance Index and Harmonic Mean) showed that 95 mm of full irrigation treatment combined with 60 Kg-N ha-1 substantially increased water productivity.

To illustrate the impact of various levels of deficit irrigation on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mayz L.) cultivar, a study was conducted based on randomized complete block as a split plot design with 3 replicates and two treatments for three crop seasons. Four levels of deficit irrigation including: conventional, 100, 80, and 60% of water level use were considered as main plots and two varieties 704 and 647) as subplots in a experimental site located in Shahid Fozveh research station. Significant differences (P 0.05) were noticeable in grain yield, as well as depth and column of kernel among the irrigation treatments. In addition, the effects of cultivars on grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, number of kernel per ear row, number of kernel per column, and depth of kernels were non-significant. Results showed that, a decrease of 36 percent water applied (60% irrigation level treatment) compared to full irrigation, yield declined 11.4% and a decrease of 20 percent water applied (80% irrigation level treatment) compared to full irrigation, yield declined only 2. Based on the results and considering the quantitative characteristics of the crop, it was established that for the deficit irrigating of maize, the 80% irrigation level is the most advantageous treatment when water is not limited. However, when higher water productivity and the possibility of using the water saved are taken into consideration during severe drought conditions, 60% irrigation level treatment is recommended.

In order to study of deficit irrigation levels on wheat grain yield cultivars based on Water Productivity Indices, an experiment was conducted in a split plot arrangement in Randomized Complete Block Design at the field of Agricultural and Natural Resources Center of Isfahan (Kabutarabad Research Station). Three levels of irrigations: 60% of full irrigation (F1) and 80% full irrigation (F2) and full irrigation (as the check) were assigned to main plots and six wheat cultivars including: Pishtaz, Shiraz, Sepahan, Marvdasht, Mahdavi and back cross of Roshan were randomized in sub plots. The maximum Total Water Productivity (TWP) were obtained from FI treatment (60% of full irrigation) with 1.51 kgm-3 and with 1.22 kgm-3 respectively. It means that decreasing of irrigation water rate, up to 40% due to 16.6% yield reduction totally. The highest Irrigation Water Productivity (IWP) were achieved from Pishtaz (1.19 kgm-3) and Sepahan cultivars (1.15 kgm-3) respectively.

Administrative regulations for water flow decrease distribution efficiency and effect the economical operation of irrigation networks. Complications in distribution systems and the decrease in availability of water require study of the hydraulic performance of existing flow control structures. Control systems designed by Neyrpic (Zayandeh Rud network) and USBR (Doroodzan network) were investigated and suitable hydraulic structures were considered. The Neyrpic modules and CHO gates were used as intakes. Amil and Avio gates, static weir and sliding gate were chosen as water level regulator structures. The delivered flow rate and energy loss were analyzed for these systems and the nominal and actual flow rates to farmers were compared. Energy loss in the flow control structures (XX2, L2, C2, C.H.O, Amil, Avio, static weir and sliding gates) were measured at different flow rates and compared with allowable loss values calculated using energy lossflow rate relationships. This analysis combined with the relative error(er) and x2 allowed assessment of the most accurate and suitable system for delivering water from off-takes and water level regulators. A significant difference (p £ 0.05) was found for the flow rate in Doroodzan network, but not in the Zayandeh Rud network. Considering these results and the low error values for Zayandeh Rud network, the XX2, L2, C2 gates are recommended for discharge regulation. Amil gates and duckbill weirs are also recommended because of the minimum error and insignificant head loss in these structures.

Due to the scarcity of water resources, the need for sustainable development of drip irrigation tape is essential in Iran. A number of drip irrigation tape systems used in sugar beet fields of Isfahan and Chahar mahal va Bakhtiari provinces were evaluated and were compared with furrow irrigation methods in two consecutive years. The actual water use efficiency (WUEsy, WUEwsy) in lower quarter, water use efficiency potential, uniformity of water droppers in lower quarter, uniformity of water movement from water droppers, Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient, uniformity water distribution as well as quantity and quality of sugar beet were investigated in this study. The actual water use efficiency varied in the range of 49 to 74.5%. The average uniformity distribution coefficient of water droppers was 73.8% and Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient was 82%. The drip irrigation tape system had significant difference with furrow irrigation method in terms of water use efficiency in sugar yield and recoverable white sugar (P£0.05). These values were 0.91, 0.78 and 0.65 and 0.53 for drip irrigation tape and furrow irrigation systems, respectively. Both irrigation systems had no significant difference in terms of root yield and sugar beet crop quality parameters. The average water use efficiency in sugar yield and recoverable white sugar for drip irrigation tape were 0.91and 0.65 Kg. m-3 and for furrow irrigation system were 0.78 and 0.53 Kg. m-3, respectively.

The influence of nano-TiO2, nano-Al2O3, nano-Fe2O3 and nano-ZnO2 on durability and mechanical properties of concrete was experimentally investigated. For this purpose, compressive strength tests were conducted in order to investigate the effects of nano particles on mechanical properties of concrete. Moreover water absorption and freeze and thaw tests were conducted to explore the effect of nano particles on durability of concrete.Results of this study showed that all the examined nano particles can improve durability and mechanical properties of concrete. The contribution of nano-TiO2 on improvement of mechanical properties and durability of concrete was more than the other nano particles.

Given the ever-increasing gr-owth of escaping of adolescents particularly girls from home and the individual and social unfavorable consequences of the ev-ent، this study was conducted to survey the personal and psychological features of the escaping of girls and women in Kerma-nshah Township during 2011. The present research was a quantitative study that was performed on 98 runaway girls and women in Ker-manshah attending the Social Emergency Centre of information. The SCL-90 questi-onnaires were purposefully used to be completed by the subjects. The data drawn from this approach were analyzed by using of the descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The statistical tests used in this study were»mean«and x2. The findings of this study indic-ated a significant relationship between esc-aping and depression (71. 42)، aggressiven-ess (67. 33)، protection problems in mutual relationships (60. 19)، morbid anxiety (57. 13)، paranoid disorder (38. 76)، psyc-hotic disorders (38. 76)، hypochondriasis disorder (37. 74)، obsessive-compulsive dis-order (32. 46)، and phobias (31. 62) among the subjects under study (P<0. 05). Discussion & Considering the increasing trend of girls’ escaping from ho-me and its unfavorable consequences، pay-ing attention to the preventative measures، identification of predisposing factors and various interventional rectifying actions m-ay be necessary.

In this note we characterize polynomial numerical hulls of matrices $A in M_n$ such that $A^2$ is Hermitian. Also, we consider normal matrices $A in M_n$ whose $k^{th}$ power are semidefinite. For such matrices we show that $V^k(A)=sigma(A)$.