فهرست مطالب salman barasteh

Providing palliative care to the elderly and dying patients is a now and the future challenge. Nurses are the first group that provided palliative care and access and identifying the pain and suffering of patients is their first professional care. Therefore, palliative care education to nursing students can help to better care of these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the elements of palliative care curriculum for nursing students.

In this narrative review study, database of Magiran, SID, PubMed, Science Direct and Springer were searched. Articles were searched from 2000 to 2017 using keywords such as education, curriculum, palliative care and nursing.

A total of 1024 articles were found. 9 papers were selected for analysis. Four elements of curriculum including goal, content, teaching methods and evaluation of palliative care curriculum were accessed. The goal of this curriculum is to educate nursing students about end of life care and palliative care. Educational content emphasizes five categories including; the principles of palliative care, physical care, communication, ethics and psychosociocultural care. This curriculum used different methods for teaching and evaluating of students.

This curriculum emphasized the various aspect of the nursing palliative care with a review of the literature. Due to the need of nurses to palliative care such educational programs is necessary.

Operating room staff provide specialized care to the patients. Their compliance with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control guidelines can reduce the risk of contracting the disease. The present study aims to assess the compliance of operating room staff with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control guidelines in Iran.

This is a descriptive analytical study with a cross-sectional design that was conducted on 876 operating room staff in 10 cities of Iran in 2021. Sampling was done using a multi-stage cluster method. In the first stage, 10 cities (clusters) were selected. Then, three hospitals accepting patients with COVID-19 in each city were selected by simple random sampling method (using lottery method). The data collection tools were a demographic form and a researcher-made questionnaire assessing the compliance with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control guidelines in the operating rooms, which were completed online by the participants. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 26 using descriptive (Mean±sd) and inferential (chi-square test) statistics.

The Mean±sd age of the participants was 28.5±5.4 years. The majority of them were female (82.3%) and single (52.6%). The mean score of compliance was 42.29±7.11; 6.5% had low compliance, 59.4% had moderate compliance, and 34.1% had high compliance with the guidelines. The highest level of compliance was in the dimension of personal protective equipment instructions and the lowest level was in the dimension of surgical type instructions. There was a significant correlation between participation in training courses and the level of compliance with the guidelines (P=0.002).

The compliance of the Iranian operating room staff with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control guidelines is at a moderate level. To increase their compliance, it is recommended that hospital managers provide standard protective equipment and hold training courses for improving their knowledge of guidelines.

The COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be a major threat to public health in the present century. In this situation, adherence to preventive behaviors seriously impacts the prevention of viral diseases. The present study aims to investigate adherence to public health preventive instructions in patients infected with COVID-19 before contracting the disease. This cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2020 to March 2021 in Fars province. 3242 patients infected with COVID-19 were selected via multistage sampling. Data were collected using a demographic information form and a researcher-made questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by Stata v. 14 using the chi-square test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The average age of participants was 38.45±13.07 years. 48.80% had a high rate, 47.90% had a moderate rate, and only 3.30% had a low compliance rate with COVID-19 preventive instructions. The patients’ main reason for not following preventive behaviors was having to be present in busy places (41.1%). There was a significant correlation between the participants’ age, gender, place of residence, occupation, education, history of underlying diseases (P≤0.001), marital status (P=0.041), and use of masks with a rate of adherence to preventive behaviors(P≤0.001). In the random forest, the job represents 36.75% compliance with COVID-19 preventive guidelines. Therefore, by raising public awareness, healthcare policymakers and administrators can enhance the public’s observance of the COVID-19 prevention instructions and consequently control the spread of the infection and improve public health during the current crisis caused by the pandemic.

Changes in the course of diseases, their treatment, and care provision result in the need for a specific type of care known as palliative care. Medical staff’s knowledge and awareness of palliative care is important in this regard.

This study aims to examine the caregivers’ knowledge and awareness of palliative care and to determine the related predictors.

In this cross-sectional study, 277 subjects were selected from among the caregivers working in the selected teaching hospitals in Iran through non-randomized sampling method. The subjects were asked to fill the online questionnaire which consisted of 3 sections including demographic data, knowledge, and attitude toward palliative care. Descriptive, inferential statistics, correlation and regression analyses were performed.

The mean scores of care providers’ attitude and knowledge were 140.90 ± 11.56 and 19.36 ± 2.73 respectively. There was a significant relationships between some variables such as working place, education level, age, palliative care-related working experience, and the necessity to pass training courses and the mean scores of attitude and knowledge.

Since palliative care providers’ level of knowledge and attitude were reported to be moderate, training courses at different levels in the form of clinical courses should be offered with the aim of improving care providers’ skills and scientific abilities. It is essential to include the related topics in the curricula of academic programs.

Providing palliative care (PC) is increasing by the increase in the number of people with life-threatening diseases and determined the benefits of these services in the community. Access to palliative care is a patient’s rights and ethical responsibility. Thus it is necessary to integrate into all level of the health system, including the primary health care. This study was conducted to assess the requirements for the integration of PC into the primary health care.

It was a document analysis, carried out through conventional content analysis and 10 national documents on PC, released by governmental organizations from 2010. The 4-step Scott method was used for the data validity and the coding process was done utilizing MAXQDA 10 software.

Base on the data analysis, we identified the “requirements of the integration of PC into the primary health care”, was of 4 main categories and 12 sub-categories. The categories include “principles and basics”, “legislation and policy-making”, “the establishment of PC system” and “the need for civil support”, which were extracted by reviewing the documents.

PC is believed to be in its early stages in the Iranian health system. Therefore, universal access to these services requires their provision at the community level. Thus, it is recommended that the principles and basics of PC in the country be explained and then, the necessary infrastructures of this integration be provided with the cooperation of governmental organizations, NGOs, and charities, through proper policy making.

Spirituality is one of the most important aspects of human existence affecting various aspects of health. The aim of this study was to determine the status of spiritual health and its relationship with general health and health literacy in navy personnel.

In this descriptive-analytical study in 2016, 500 Iranian naval personnel were selected through stratified random sampling. The Spiritual Health Questionnaire (SWBS), the GHQ-28 General Health Questionnaire, and the Montazeri Health Literacy Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software.

The findings showed that 77.4% (387 people) of naval personnel had moderate spiritual health and 22.6% (113 people) had high spiritual health. 61.2% (306 people) of the participants had good general health and 38.8% (194 people) had poor general health. The results also showed that 63.2% (316 people) of the participants had border health literacy and 28.4% (142 people) had high health literacy. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between spiritual health and general health and health literacy (p˂0.05).

Considering the relationship between spiritual health and general health and literacy, by promoting them, these aspects of health and consequently the quality of life of naval personnel can be improved.

Many of disabilities of handicaps is related to Inappropriate physical environment that by removing them can create an environment to response their needs. The universal design implies designing the environments in a manner that it is usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for further adaptation. The aim of this study was to investigate Universal design of Veteran Hospices of Tehran.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was done in 2016. Samples were selected through census sampling. All of the Veteran Hospices in Tehran (overall 4 Hospices) evaluated by using the Nursing Home Physical Fitness Checklist, which consisted of 12 subscales and 70 items also Content validity index was equal to 0.927. that have been used to calculate the content validity index (CVI) . 

The findings of this study showed that Majority of Veteran Hospices in terms of available Prayer room, kitchen,  heating and cooling conditions, management section and were in conformance with the Universal design criteria and in half of the Veteran Hospices, library, staff restroom and suitable laundry room available were in conformance, while only quarter of the Hospices had extinguishers. Also The criteria in the majority of Hospices (75٪) was adequately met in terms of the items of, treatment and rehabilitation room, main entrance and courtyard, while only 25٪ Hospices, living room, bathroom and stairs and ramp were in conformance.

The majority Veteran Hospices evaluated did not follow the Universal design criteria. Therefore, providing the Compatible situation and Living environment through policy and more accurate planning to create a suitable Environment is necessity.

COVID-19 pandemic has led to serious challenges in nursing homes around the world. In addition to age-related conditions, living in nursing homes are more likely to be infected with COVID-19 due to the use of shared living space, gathering in common dining and recreational areas, and limited technical and human resources. Nurses play an important role in meeting the complex needs of the elderly in the crisis and it is essential to use specialist nurses for addressing the physical and psychological needs of this high-risk population. In this crisis, the lack of geriatric nurses in nursing homes in Iran causes problems such as the rapid spread of infection, lack of access to quarantine and proper prevention, and further infection of patients and caregivers. These specialist nurses could take many responsibilities in a special condition such as the provision of specialized courses for other care providers who are working in these facilities to prevent the complications of being affecting by the disease. Therefore, it is recommended to prioritize the employment of specialist geriatric nurses, support staff more, and use appropriate technologies to minimize contact with patients, effectively train volunteers in the programs of these centers. It also Necessary to formulate and implement strict regulations and guidelines by these nurses to prevent, rapid diagnosis, and infection control, personal protection, meeting, and isolation of residents of nursing homes.

Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of early mobilization on hemodynamic parameters in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
Background. CABG is one of the most common surgeries that can increase quality of life and reduce mortality in most cases. It seems that early mobilization of patients from bed may reduce complications after surgery. The most important concern regarding early mobilization is the possible effect on hemodynamic parameters based on which this important intervention is neglected.
Method. In a clinical trial with 100 patients who were candidate for CABG. The patients were randomly assigned to experimental and control group. The experimental group were mobilized from bed in the first, second and third day after surgery. The control group received the hospital routine treatments and mobilization was done in the third day after the operation. The effect of early mobilization on hemodynamic parameters were compare between the groups. Other treatment programs were the same for both group. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 18 and using independent t-test, Chi-square and ANOVA statistical testes.
Findings. There was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding demographic variables and underlying diseases. In the experimental group, blood pressure was higher in the second and third days compared with that control group. Chest tube drainage on the third day were 495±241 ml for experimental group and 556±285 ml for the control group, and no statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of chest tube drainage. None of the patients showed any complication during the mobilization.
Conclusion. The experimental group experienced a minimal increase in blood pressure, but it was not clinically significant. The results of this study indicate that early mobilization from bed in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft is a safe and applicable intervention, and don’t increase bleeding and acute hemodynamic changes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major general health problem that causes widespread effects on the individual and social functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health literacy and general health in type 2 diabetic patients.
This cross-sectional study was done on 200 patients referred to the Diabetes Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 1392. Data were collected using three questionnaires: demographic characteristics, health literacy (TOHFLA), general health (GHQ28 . Data analyses were done by using descriptive statistical tests, frequency distribution tables and tests (test t, ANOVA) using SPSS (Version 16).
More than half of participants (58%) didnt have adequate health literacy and their general health was average (average: 53/7 ± 58/48). There was a significant correlation between health literacy and public health (p: 0.007, r:-0.191). Health Literacy was statistically significant with three aspect of general health, anxiety and sleep disorders (p: 0/0029, -0/154), social functioning (p: 0/013, r:-0/176) and depression (p: 0/002, r:-0/218).
In general, chronic diseases, including diabetes type 2 has clinical, social and psychological problems, which leads to mental and physical limitations in these people. This study showed that inadequate health literacy and public health are common problems, which indicate that diabetic patients need more education to improve their level of health literacy and general health.