saman ebrahimi

Primordial germ cell (PGCs) lines are a source of a highly specialized type of cells, characteristically oocytes,during female germline development in vivo. The oocyte growth begins in the transition from the primary follicle. It isassociated with dynamic changes in gene expression, but the gene-regulating signals and transcription factors that control oocyte growth remain unknown. We aim to investigate the differentiation potential of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) into female germ-like cells by testing several signals and transcription factors. In this experimental study, mMSCs were extracted from mice femur bone using the flushingtechnique. The cluster-differentiation (CD) of superficial mesenchymal markers was determined with flow cytometric analysis. We applied a set of transcription factors including retinoic acid (RA), titanium nanotubes (TNTs), and fibrin such as TNT-coated fibrin (F+TNT) formation and (RA+F+TNT) induction, and investigated the changes in gene, MVH/ DDX4, expression and functional screening using an in vitro mouse oocyte development condition. Germ cell markers expression, (MVH / DDX4), was analyzed with Immunocytochemistry staining, quantitative transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, and Western blots. The expression of CD was confirmed by flow cytometry. The phase determination of the TNTs and F+TNT were confirmed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Remarkably, applying these transcription factors quickly induced pluripotent stem cells into oocyte-like cells that were sufficient to generate female germlike cells, growth, and maturation from mMSCs differentiation. These transcription factors formed oocyte-like cells specification of stem cells, epigenetic reprogramming, or meiosis and indicate that oocyte meiosis initiation and oocyte growth are not separable from the previous epigenetic reprogramming in stem cells in vitro. Results suggested several transcription factors may apply for arranging oocyte-like cell growth and supplies an alternative source of in vitro maturation (IVM).

Many of traditional infertility treatment methods due to lack of gamete are ineffective.  Differentiation of stem cells to gamete germ cells may be a good choice for producing gametes for treatment of infertility in clinique. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSc) were obtained from femoral bone of adult NMRI mice by flushing method. Nano tube particles of titanium (TNT), retinoic acid and UV beam 254 ± 20 nm frequencies were used for differentiation of MSc to gamete germ cells. Ultrastructure of TNT was studied with FEM SE electron microscope. Fibrin coating of Nano tubes was evaluated by SEM. Nature and character of stem cells were measured using cluster– differentiation (CD) by flow cytometry confirmed by CD90, and CD31 markers.  Finally, MVH marker was used for assessment of differentiation of MSc to gamete germ cells with immunohistochemistry assay. Statistical data was analyzed by ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests. Electron microscopic pictures by FE SEM showed homogenous ultrastructure of titanium nanotubes in 10-15 nm diameters. Coating of TNT by fibrin was confirmed by SEM. MTT assay showed most survival rate of MSc cells in 50 µg/ml concentration of TNT. By CD90 and CD31 markers, nature of the stem cells was controlled by flow cytometry. Finally MVH marker expression showed differentiation of MSc to gamete germ cells in treated as compared to control groups and was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Application of TNT fibrin coated and UV beam can increase differentiation rate of BMMSc to gamete germ cells significantly as a clinical protocol.

Scouring threaten the stability of hydraulic structures in various forms. One way to indirectly reduce scouring is to put collars and vanes. Collar is a thin plate at a certain height from the base of the bridge which prevents direct contact of down flow in front of the pier with the river bed and undermines the activity of horseshoe whirlpool. Also, in the scouring foundations, the speed of scouring reduces or in other words, the time of scouring is delayed. In this study, using experimental modeling, the researcher investigated the effects of combined collar and vanes on the reduction of scouring depth on cylindrical pier. According to the results of the experiment, the highest scour depth reduction for the Froude number of 0.246 and the pier in the vicinity of the collar of twice the pier diameter and six submerged plates for each tripod occurred respectively (55%, 96%, 98%). Also, the results showed that submerged plates with impact on stream lines and collars with protection of the pier against downstream vortices and Horseshoe vortices are suitable tools for reducing scour depth in Cylindrical bridge pier group.

Automatic identification and data collection without the need for frequent human intervention is an undeniable ýnecessity in health control. Among a variety of methods, radio-frequency identification (RFID) is known for this ýcharacteristic and can be used for the online process of sending and receiving information. This study was ýconducted to determine the role of this technology in the effectiveness of treatment and care at hospitals affiliated ýto Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from the point of view of its users.
This was an applied, descriptive, and the cross-sectional research. The statistical sample consisted of 72 physicians ýand nurses of hospitals affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences selected through stratified sampling ýmethod. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire the validity and reliability of which were, respectively, ýconfirmed by a group of experts and using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.89). Data were analyzed using chi-ýsquare test.
According to the results, 84% of the participants believed that RFID tags lead to the improvement of detection, ýdiagnosis, identification, and automated reception of information in treatment and care. The attitude of the studied ýpopulation toward RFID components was favorable in improving treatment and care in terms of effective ýdetection (17.05), diagnosis (16.27), automated reception, collection of information (15.54), and identificationý (14.8).
The favorable attitude of the participants shows that the use of RFID in the studied hospitals was effective in ýimproving treatment and care for the patients.