samaneh khazaei

The present study aimed to investigate the interplay between gender and personality types in shaping the tendency to study physical education at university. A descriptive survey methodology was employed for this study. The sample comprised 382 candidates (238 males and 144 females) aspiring to study physical education, selected through random sampling across various examination centres. The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator (MBTI) and a bespoke physical education questionnaire were utilised to collect data. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts, and the reliability was determined by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test. The findings indicated that the interactive effect of gender and personality on the proclivity of candidates for physical education was statistically not significant (P>0.05). No significant difference was observed between male and female candidates in their inclination towards physical education (P>0.05), although a notable variation was found among different personality types (P>0.05). The variance in the propensity for physical education across various personality types highlights the pivotal role of personality in this regard. It is therefore advisable to consider students' personality traits in academic advising and during the selection process for physical education programmes.

Family is the basic unit of society and the main center of growth and excellence, and the ideological and ideal agreement in the formation of a healthy family is the main basis for the evolutionary and growing human movement, therefore, providing facilities to achieve this goal is one of the duties of parents.

The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining and investigating the lived experiences of mothers in relation to their children after the trauma of the head of the family being imprisoned.

The approach of the current research was qualitative in terms of method; in an in-depth study, the researcher investigated the lived experiences of families with an imprisoned guardian. The current research population included all married women with children in Birjand city in 2023 whose husbands were imprisoned. Sampling was done using the purposeful sampling method and based on the principle of theoretical saturation in the sample size. Also, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and descriptive analysis using the Claizian method was used to analyze the data obtained from the phenomenological interviews.

The research findings were represented in the form of 403 propositions, 302 concepts, 33 categories and 7 main categories. The main categories are: dependence on children, power of self-expression, control, life and hardship, feeling of hopelessness and helplessness, post-traumatic stress disorder, psycho-physical disorder. The results of the interviews also showed that the imprisonment of the father directly changes the quality of life and the relationship of the children with the mother.

The results of the research showed that the imprisonment of the father is directly related to the life of other family members and causes significant changes in their quality of life, and also affects the relationship between mother and children. Relationships sometimes get worse and the family sometimes leads to disintegration and confusion, and the normal flow of life that existed before is destroyed. Based on this, it seems that the families of drug prisoners need guidance and interventions to improve the quality of life and especially the parent-child relationship with the mother

Marital power scale is a self-report scale that consists of two subscales of power process and power outcome, and it has not been used in the Iranian sample to date. The aim of the present study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Bogue et al.'s marital power scale (2008) in the Iranian sample. The correlational research method and the study sample consisted of 555 people who were selected through volunteer sampling method and responded to the research tools including the scales of marital power, covert communication aggression, and marital intimacy. The validity of the scale was checked using construct validity, convergent validity and correlation between subscales. In examining the structure of this scale, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used, and the obtained results confirmed the structure of the marital power scale. Also, in the confirmatory factor analysis, all the coefficients were significant, and for this reason, no item was removed or modified in the factor analysis. In order to estimate the internal homogeneity of the marital power scale, the formula of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, and the questionnaire had an acceptable Cronbach's alpha (α=0.76). In addition, the correlation results of the marital power scale with other scales showed that this scale and its subscales have a positive relationship with hidden communication aggression and a negative and significant relationship with marital intimacy (p<0.01). All in all, the results of the present study show that this scale has favorable statistical characteristics in Iranian samples and it can be used with confidence in Iranian samples.

The present study aimed to determine the role of internet addiction in predicting students' academic self-efficacy and academic engagement during the Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, a sample of 150 students in University of Birjand was selected using convenience sampling method and completed the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (CASES) and Academic Engagement Scale (AES). To analyze the data, structural equation modeling with partial least square approach (PLS-SEM) was employed. Results indicated that the path coefficients related to the role of internet addiction in predicting academic self-efficacy and academic engagement were (β=-0.57) and (β=-0.64). The results indicate that internet addiction can account for 33% of the changes in academic self-efficacy and 41% of the changes in academic engagement. According to the findings, it seems that a significant part of the students' self-efficacy beliefs and their active involvement in academic subjects are weakened under the influence of internet addiction. Therefore, implementing effective interventions to manage the use of the Internet among students is highly important.

Couples who are able to compromise again after applying for divorce may have a fragile relationship; therefore, it is necessary to increase the stability and satisfaction of the relationship by identifying the influencing factors.
the present qualitative study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the marital stability and satisfaction of couples who compromise after asking for divorce.
The research method was qualitative and phenomenological. The population included all couples who compromised after asking for divorce in Birjand City, and referred to Rah-e-No Counseling Center from 2017 to 2022. Based on the criteria already determined, 7 couples (14 people) were selected via purposive sampling and subjected to semi-structured interviews. It should be noted that the process of selecting samples continued up to theoretical saturation. The obtained data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method and MAXQDA software. Data coding was done using an open, axial, and selective method.
The analysis of participants’ experiences revealed 16 sub-themes and 5 main themes, including individual characteristics, interactive/communicative characteristics, family factors, socio-cultural factors and commitment to values.
Therefore, it can be concluded that a set of individual, interpersonal, and social factors influence the stability and satisfaction of couples who have compromised after applying for divorce.

The aim of this study was to predict athletic success perception among physical education students by examining the role of body image and self-efficacy, with the mediating effect of achievement motivation. The research method was descriptive and correlational, utilizing path analysis. The statistical population consisted of male and female physical education students at universities in South Khorasan province, Iran in 2022. A cluster sampling technique was employed to select 311 students who completed the research questionnaires. The Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) were used to collect data. The confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were conducted using SPSS24 and Amos24 software. The results revealed that body image and self-efficacy had a positive direct effect on athletic success perception. Moreover, body image and self-efficacy had an indirect effect on athletic success perception through achievement motivation. Therefore, emphasizing these constructs is crucial for athletes' success.

Marital compatibility is one of the most important factors affecting the survival and durability of the family. Therefore, identifying factors related to it is of particular importance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between work-family conflict and marital adjustment of military families. The method of correlational research was path analysis. The research population was all the military households in Tehran in 2022, from which 200 people were selected using the available sampling method, and the research tools included the Marital Compatibility Questionnaire (1976), the Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (2000) and the Coping Strategies Scale. (1990) answered. The results of data analysis showed that work-family conflict has a direct and negative effect on marital adjustment, and problem-oriented strategies are positively and emotion-oriented strategies negatively related to marital adjustment. Finally, the main hypothesis of the research based on the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between work-family conflict and marital adjustment was confirmed and the results showed that problem-oriented coping strategies positively and emotion-oriented coping strategies positively The negative form has a mediating effect in the relationship between the two mentioned variables, and the result can be used in relation to working couples to improve marital compatibility.

The purpose of this study was to predict the depression symptoms in male students by childhood trauma. The research method was descriptive correlational. The study population consisted of all male elementary and secondary high school students in public schools of Robat Karim (Tehran Province) during the academic year of 2020-2021. 310 students were selected by multi-stage random sampling and answered to the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Children's Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed through the Pearson correlation and standard regression. The results of this study showed that the linear combination of childhood trauma variables (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect) predict student depression significantly. Among childhood traumas, emotional abuse and physical abuse  predict depression in students significantly. Physical neglect, emotional neglect and sexual abuse did not predict depression symptoms significantly. The present model was also able to explain 25% of the variance of depression in students. Findings of this study support the significant role of emotional abuse and physical abuse on depression symptoms. Therefore, considering the childhood trauma is recommended to clinicians in the treatment of student depression.

This study aimed to present an evolutionary model of the role of romantic jealousy in marital stability and marital satisfaction mediated by marital control and emotional expression. The research method was descriptive and path analysis. To this end, 302 married people were selected by random sampling. The instruments used included the Multidimensional Jealousy Scale (MJS), Marital Controlling Scale (MCS), Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire (EEQ), and Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS). Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation and path analysis in SPSS-22 and AMOS-23 software packages. The results indicated that romantic jealousy directly affects marital control (0.482) and emotional expression (-0.173) but has no direct impact on marital stability and satisfaction. Also, marital control directly affected marital stability (0.425) and marital satisfaction (0.290). In addition, emotional expression directly affects marital stability (-0.175) and marital satisfaction (-0.192). The results of indirect effects revealed that romantic jealousy has a statistically significant effect on marital stability (0.26) and marital satisfaction (0.14) through marital control. Also, romantic jealousy significantly affects marital stability (0.3) and marital satisfaction (0.3) through emotional expression. According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that romantic jealousy cannot explain marital stability and satisfaction directly, but can indirectly affect marital stability and satisfaction. Consequently, in the presence of romantic jealousy, using marital control can lower the health of the relationship, but emotional expression can enhance the health of the relationship.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the experiences and communication responses of couples in Covid-19 crisis. This research was conducted with a basic aim and a qualitative approach, using a descriptive phenomenological design. The statistical population of the study includes all couples living in Tehran who were in domestic quarantine in 2020. The sampling was purposive and available and included 10 couples. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview and the analysis of the results was conducted using the Klaizi method. Analysis of the interview data led to the identification and classification of 35 primary concepts and 6 subthemes (disruptive systematic marital experiences, disruption of the quality and balance of sexual intercourse, positive and pleasant marital experiences, individual strategies-couples adapting to quarantine conditions, Psychological predispositions to the occurrence and exacerbation of marital problems in quarantine, Environmental predispositions to the occurrence and exacerbation of marital problems in quarantine) and 1 were the main themes of the experiences and communication responses of couples in domestic quarantine of Covid-19 disease. These findings led to the disclosure of communication experiences (positive-negative) between couples. Certainly, the clarification of these experiences can be the basis for the design and implementation of educational, prevention and treatment plans aimed at maintaining the stability of the family institution and also strengthening the quality of marital relationships.

Objective Marital infidelity is a very painful phenomenon that can lead to divorce. This study was conducted with the aim of the role of cognitive flexibility and religious coping strategies in predicting the desire for divorce of women with experience of infidelity.Methods  The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all women with experience of infidelity and referring to Rah-e-Naw counseling center in Birjand in 2020 that 89 people were selected by convenience sampling. The instruments used were Divorce Attitude Questionnaire (DTS), Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (CFI) and Religious Coping Questionnaire (RCOPE). Pearson correlation test, multiple regression and SPSS-22 software were used to analyze the data.Results   The results of the correlation test showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between the desire for divorce with cognitive flexibility and positive religious confrontation and a positive and significant relationship between the desire for divorce and negative religious confrontation.Conclusion   Also, the results of regression analysis showed that cognitive flexibility and religious coping strategies together explain 34.8% of the variance of the desire to divorce. According to the findings, education and intervention in improving cognitive flexibility and religious coping strategies can be suggested as an effective method to reduce the desire for divorce.

Human life represents a lifelong endeavor to seek and construct meaning. This basic dimension of existence is present every day in the process of working with people in auxiliary professions and challenges therapists to think seriously about the meaning of their lives. Accordingly, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the components and sources of meaning of life in counseling students. This qualitative research was performed by interpretive phenomenological method. The study population included all postgraduate counseling students at Allameh Tabatabai University in the winter of 1399. Participants were selected using purposive sampling logic and snowball method and sampling was continued until information saturation. Finally, 14 subjects (11 girls and 3 boys) were studied through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using Van Mann's 6-step content analysis method. From the data analysis, 36 sub-themes, 7 main themes and one core theme were obtained. At the a sense of meaning in the lives of the participants. Also, some of them did not achieve significant coherence in the meaningful elements of life, which led to the emergeironmental factors in the context of "environmental determinants" expressedfe. According to the findings, the meaning of life includes many components and resources in counseling students, in which their helping profession has a lot of intervention. Also, sometimes contradictory concepts such as the lack of a stable value system and ing of life, indicate the evolving, fluid and dynamic meaning of life in this group, which is a growth task throughout their working life.

This study has been aimed to investigate the mediating role of feelings of shame and guilt in the relationship of the attachment styles and covert relational aggression (CRA) in marriage. The present study is a correlational study as a type of structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population consisted of 320 married couples collected by convenience sampling in Birjand Collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and SEM methods. The results of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between research variables. Testing the conceptual model showed that feelings of shame and guilt had a significant mediating role in the relationship between anxiety attachment style and CRA (love withdrawal and social sabotage). According to the results, anxious attachment style has more effect on feelings of shame and guilt. The results indicated the effective role of secure attachment styles, anxiety and avoidance on love withdrawal. Feelings of shame had a significant positive relationship with both CRA and feelings of guilt had a significant relationship only with social sabotage. The results of the mediator role also showed a significant role of shame and guilt in the relationship between anxiety attachment style and CRA(love withdrawal and social sabotage).

The COVID-19 epidemic and its health, social and economic consequences have brought about dramatic changes in the daily lives of families and couples. The aim of this study was to investigate the adaptability components of couples in the corona pandemic crisis. The present study was a qualitative study with a descriptive phenomenological method. The participants of the study were 12 couples from compatible couples in region 1 of Zanjan city in the spring of 2020, which were selected and sampled to the extent of information saturation based on the purposeful method. Data collection was done through semi-structured and in-depth interviews on tape and all content (word for word) was put on paper. Data analysis was performed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. A total of 12 interviews, 362 basic codes, 28 basic concepts, 10 sub-themes, and 4 main themes including "interactive dynamics", "responsiveness", "coherence" and "integrity" were extracted. The results of this study showed that although the coronavirus crisis has affected marital well-being; But it has created positive consequences in the motivation of couples to protect their relationships, and with the increase of these positive components, we will see the flourishing of their interactions.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most common sources of cell-based therapies in heart regeneration. There are several approaches to differentiate MSCs into cardiac-like cells, such as genetic modification. In addition, using of 3D culture, such as hydrogels, increases the efficiency of differentiation.

In the present study, lentiviruses containing microRNA 1 (miR- 1) and myocardium (Myocd) were co-transducted to mouse adipose-derived MSCs. Three days after, transduced MSCs were transferred to a hydrogel containing chitosan and collagen. After 21 days, the differentiation of encapsulated cells was evaluated. In this regard, the expression of cardiac markers such as NK2 homeobox 5 (Nkx2-5), GATA binding protein 4 (Gata4) and troponin T type 2 (Tnnt2) at the level of gene and protein were investigated.

The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry showed that co-induction of miR-1 and Myocd in MSCs followed by transfer to composite hydrogel increased the expression of cardiac markers.

The use of 3D culture such as chitosan/collagen hydrogel improves the differentiation of MSCs and subsequently obtains more mature cells for use in cell-based regenerative medicine

this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of shame and guilt in the relationship between attachment styles and covert relational aggression among married men. The sample consisted of 350 married men from Birjand, Iran. The participants were elementary school students’ fathers who participated in the study voluntarily. The participants completed the Attachment Styles Scale (Collins & Read, 1990), the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (shame and guilt) (Tangney, Wagner & Gomez, 1989), and the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Nelson & Carroll, 2006). The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated the anxious and secure attachment styles related significantly to love withdrawal through shame. The anxious and secure attachment styles related significantly to social sabotage through shame and guilt. The findings suggested that shame plays a role between anxious and secure attachment styles and covert relational aggression in men.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly cancer with poor prognosis. In this regard, early diagnosis is of vital importance to cure the tumor in its early stages. Novel cancer diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been recently introduced based on microRNAs (miRNAs). Also, accurate normalization using appropriate reference genes is a critical step in miRNA expression studies. In this study, we aimed to identify appropriate reference genes for miRNA quantification in serum samples of ESCC. In this case and control experimental study, two statistical algorithms including GeNorm and NormFinder were used to evaluate the suitability of miR-16 and 5S rRNA and their geometric mean as reference genes. Then, relative expression of miR-451 and miR-24 were evaluated while different normalizer including miR-16, 5S rRNA and their geometric mean were applied. Both GeNorm and NormFinder analyses showed that geometric mean of miR-16 and 5S rRNA is the most stable reference gene in these samples. Also, our data showed that choosing an inappropriate normalizer could change the relative expression of target genes of miR-451 and miR-24 in ESCC samples which emphasize on the importance of selecting a reliable internal control in expression analyses. We demonstrated that geometric mean of two reference genes could increase the reliability of normalizers and also by using geometric mean as reference gene, relative expression of different target is closer to reality.

This study examined the psychometric properties of CRAS of Nelson & Carol (2006) in Iranian couples..
The research was a descriptive-survey study.The study population was composed of married couples in Birjand city.In this study, 350 couples (700) were selected among Birjand couples using available sampling method,& CRAS of Carole & Nelson(2006),revised marital conflict questionnaire of Sanaei (2008) & marital adjustment questionnaire of Spinner (1976) were used. To analyze the data, the statistical indices of Pearson correlation, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and exploratory factor analysis (using spss 23 software),& confirmatory factor analysis (using AMOS 23software) were used.
Exploratory factor analysis showed that the 12-item CRAS in Iranian sample has been saturated from two factors (social Love withdrawal and social sabotage) explaining 56 percent of the scale variance. Confirmatory factor analysis also showed that two-factor model of CRAS has good fitness with data (AGFI =0.93, NFI =0.94, RMSEA =0.06). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained 0.85, convergent validity was obtained 0.4, and divergent validity was obtained -0.42 that all of them were significant at P≥0.01.
In general, the results showed that CRAS of Carole & Nelson (2006) has good validity & reliability & it can be used to measure the CRA of couples.