sara

‏Sexual‏‎ ‎‏dysfunction‏‎ ‎‏is‏‎ ‎‏a‏‎ ‎‏prevalent‏‎ ‎‏issue‏‎ ‎‏among‏‎ ‎‏cardiovascular‏‎ ‎‏patients‏‎, ‎‏particularly‏‎ ‎‏those‏‎ ‎‏who‏‎ ‎‏have‏‎ ‎‏experienced‏‎ ‎‏myocardial‏‎ ‎‏infarction‏‎, ‎‏and‏‎ ‎‏it‏‎ ‎‏can‏‎ ‎‏be‏‎ ‎‏influenced‏‎ ‎‏by‏‎ ‎‏exercise.‏‎ ‎‏This‏‎ ‎‏study‏‎ ‎‏aimed‏‎ ‎‏to‏‎ ‎‏investigate‏‎ ‎‏the‏‎ ‎‏effects‏‎ ‎‏of‏‎ ‎‏aerobic‏‎ ‎‏exercise‏‎ ‎‏combined‏‎ ‎‏with‏‎ ‎‏electrical‏‎ ‎‏stimulation‏‎ ‎‏on‏‎ ‎‏sexual‏‎ ‎‏biomarkers‏‎ ‎‏in‏‎ ‎‏infarcted‏‎ ‎‏rats.‏

‏In‏‎ ‎‏this‏‎ ‎‏controlled‏‎ ‎‏experimental‏‎ ‎‏study‏‎, ‎‏28‏‎ ‎‏male‏‎ ‎‏Wistar‏‎ ‎‏rats‏‎ ‎‏aged‏‎ ‎‏eight‏‎ ‎‏weeks‏‎ ‎‏were‏‎ ‎‏randomly‏‎ ‎‏assigned‏‎ ‎‏to‏‎ ‎‏four‏‎ ‎‏groups‏‎: ‎‏control‏‎, ‎‏exercise‏‎, ‎‏electrical‏‎ ‎‏stimulation‏‎, ‎‏and‏‎ ‎‏exercise+electrical‏‎ ‎‏stimulation‏‎, ‎‏following‏‎ ‎‏myocardial‏‎ ‎‏infarction‏‎ ‎‏induced‏‎ ‎‏by‏‎ ‎‏isoproterenol‏‎ (‎‏ISO‏‎) ‎‏at‏‎ ‎‏a‏‎ ‎‏dose‏‎ ‎‏of‏‎ ‎‏150‏‎ ‎‏mg‏‎/‎‏kg.‏‎ ‎‏The‏‎ ‎‏intervention‏‎ ‎‏groups‏‎ ‎‏engaged‏‎ ‎‏in‏‎ ‎‏exercise‏‎ ‎‏at‏‎ ‎‏speeds‏‎ ‎‏of‏‎ ‎‏10‏‎ ‎‏to‏‎ ‎‏18‏‎ ‎‏m‏‎/‎‏min‏‎ ‎‏for‏‎ ‎‏50‏‎ ‎‏minutes‏‎ ‎‏and‏‎ ‎‏electrical‏‎ ‎‏stimulation‏‎ ‎‏via‏‎ ‎‏foot‏‎ ‎‏shock‏‎ ‎‏at‏‎ ‎‏an‏‎ ‎‏intensity‏‎ ‎‏of‏‎ ‎‏0.5‏‎ ‎‏mA‏‎ ‎‏for‏‎ ‎‏20‏‎ ‎‏minutes.‏‎ ‎‏After‏‎ ‎‏the‏‎ ‎‏interventions‏‎ ‎‏and‏‎ ‎‏subsequent‏‎ ‎‏anesthesia‏‎, ‎‏plasma‏‎ ‎‏levels‏‎ ‎‏of‏‎ ‎‏testosterone‏‎ ‎‏and‏‎ ‎‏gonadotropin‏‎-‎‏releasing‏‎ ‎‏hormone‏‎ (‎‏GnRH‏‎) ‎‏were‏‎ ‎‏measured‏‎ ‎‏using‏‎ ‎‏ELISA.‏

‏The‏‎ ‎‏results‏‎ ‎‏demonstrated‏‎ ‎‏a‏‎ ‎‏non‏‎-‎‏significant‏‎ ‎‏increase‏‎ ‎‏in‏‎ ‎‏plasma‏‎ ‎‏testosterone‏‎ ‎‏levels‏‎ (‎‏p‏‎ ‎‏=‏‎ ‎‏0.398‏‎) ‎‏in‏‎ ‎‏the‏‎ ‎‏exercise‏‎ ‎‏group‏‎ ‎‏compared‏‎ ‎‏to‏‎ ‎‏the‏‎ ‎‏control‏‎ ‎‏group.‏‎ ‎‏However‏‎, ‎‏significant‏‎ ‎‏changes‏‎ ‎‏were‏‎ ‎‏observed‏‎ ‎‏in‏‎ ‎‏plasma‏‎ ‎‏levels‏‎ ‎‏of‏‎ ‎‏GnRH‏‎ (‎‏p‏‎ ‎‏<‏‎ ‎‏0.0001‏‎)‎‏.‏

‏Aerobic‏‎ ‎‏exercise‏‎ ‎‏appears‏‎ ‎‏to‏‎ ‎‏be‏‎ ‎‏an‏‎ ‎‏effective‏‎ ‎‏and‏‎ ‎‏beneficial‏‎ ‎‏intervention‏‎ ‎‏for‏‎ ‎‏alleviating‏‎ ‎‏sexual‏‎ ‎‏dysfunction‏‎ ‎‏in‏‎ ‎‏infarcted‏‎ ‎‏rats‏‎ ‎‏by‏‎ ‎‏inducing‏‎ ‎‏positive‏‎ ‎‏changes‏‎ ‎‏in‏‎ ‎‏sexual‏‎ ‎‏biomarkers.‏

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important economic and widely used crops in horticulture. It is a self-fertilizing and diploid plant and has 24 pairs of chromosomes (2n=2x=24). The life cycle of this plant is one year, and it is cultivated in greenhouses and fields. There are many varieties of tomatoes that differ from each other in terms of plant growth, quality, fruit shape, and other traits. Tomato fruit has a high nutritional value, consisting of minerals, vitamins, fibers, citric acid, β-Carotene and ascorbic acid. Diversity and selection are the two main pillars of any reformation program, and choosing is based on the existence of desirable diversity in the reformation materials under discussion. To produce varieties of tomatoes with high productivity, quality and resistance, breeders need evaluation of genetic diversity, identification and introduction of new genotypes. In other words, systematic study and evaluation of germplasm is of great importance for current and future agronomic and genetic improvement of the crop. Different methods are used to estimate genetic diversity and group genotypes, and the evaluation of morphological and physiological characteristics can be considered as the first step in the investigation of genetic diversity. Different genotypes of tomato differ in terms of morphological and physiological traits, and fruit yield is influenced by some of these traits. Therefore, the selection of criteria other than fruit yield, which have more stability than fruit yield, can be considered as a selection guide in the selection of desirable cultivars. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the genetic diversity and grouping of tomato genotypes (53 genotypes) based on morphological and physiological traits.

In the present study, 53 genotypes of tomato plants were investigated using a randomized complete block design with three replications under greenhouse conditions at the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. After disinfecting and planting the seeds in the pot, sampling of the seedlings was performed. Morphological traits such as plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of the plant, number of side branches, number of leaves, root length, fresh and dry weight of the organ air, fresh and dry weight of roots, fruit number, fruit yield, and physiological traits including proline content, photosynthetic pigments (including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid), and total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were measured. Furthermore, the obtained data were subjected to variance analysis, mean comparison, correlation coefficient, factor analysis, and cluster analysis using suitable software.

After analyzing the data, the results of the evaluation of variance showed that the difference of the studied genotypes in terms of all traits except proline trait was significant at the probability level of 1%. Estimation of the correlation coefficients between the studied traits showed a significant correlation between most of the studied traits and fruit yield. Further, the results of the investigation into factors showed that 6 factors explained more than 77% of the total variance, so that the contribution of the first to sixth factors was 24, 18, 14, 9, 7, and 6% of the total changes, respectively. For better interpretation, larger factor coefficients for each factor were considered significant. Because the largest factor coefficients among the coefficients of each factor indicate the attribute or attribute that plays the greatest role in those factors, the factors were named accordingly. In this way, the first factor was named the fruit yield factor, the second the photosynthesis factor, the third the phenolic factor, the fourth the root weight factor, the fifth the proline factor, and the sixth the stem diameter factor. Based on the results of the cluster analysis, it was observed that the genotypes were significantly different in terms of the measured morphological and physiological traits and they were placed in 3 different groups, each of which had 30, 19, and 4 genotypes, respectively, and the genotypes in the group Third, in terms of studied traits, they were better to other groups.

In general, based on the analysis, the genotypes were significantly different in terms of the measured traits. This article shows that there is a suitable diversity among the studied genotypes and it is possible to select based on these characteristics among the studied genotypes and the selection can be effective in their improvement programs. By estimating the phenotypic correlation coefficients, it was found that the fruit yield trait had the most positive and significant correlation with the number of fruits and the amount of photosynthetic pigments. Therefore, these traits can be considered in tomato fruit yield genetic improvement programs. Considering that the average of most of the traits studied for the genotypes belonging to the third cluster (13, 15, 45 and 46) was higher than the total average and the said genotypes were excellent in terms of developmental and physiological parameters compared with other genotypes, the top genotypes identified in this research can be considered and used in future breeding studies in this valuable plant.

Badiou offers a concept of the subject that is completely intertwined with event and truth; in his view, the subject is not an isolated and secluded entity that is supposed to contemplate the world only, rather it is linked to the event, and as a faithful element, initiates the process of truth. Every human being is not necessarily a subject, but in the face of an event and the acceptance of its occurrence, the person in the situation can become the subject. For Badiou, the subject is only part of the process of truth, and this reduces the subject to a part of a material process that has no existential independence. He explicitly states that the subject subordinates to the truth and considers the subjectification of some members of the situation as the result of the occurrence of an event and the beginning of the process of truth. The authors are of the view that Badiou's theory of the subject eventually leads to the relativity of the subject and makes it impossible to provide any explanation about the existence of the subject. He considers truth to be not general but dependent on any particular situation in which the event takes place; again, in his view, truth has a general proclamation and address. But in the authors' view, his type of explanation of the subject also makes the generality of the proclamation of truth relative and so, the truth cannot be generic anymore.

The researches results in understanding the demands of society members from the past to the present show a clear image of the political, cultural, and economic situations of different social groups. Women's demands and the ways to achieve them in different historical periods are some of the controversial issues in the field of socio-historical studies. By such an approach, the present study examines the marriage contracts' stipulations of 130 years of Qajar period, and by extracting common issues of the society in that period, analyzed the women's needs frequency. So some demands such as housing right, the right to divorce, dowry, travel permit, and economic stipulations were extracted and analyzed. On the basis of written documents, the findings of this study make a challenge to the unrealistic view of the women reflected in the historical narratives about Qajar era.

Alain Badiou, the French famous contemporary philosopher, considers ontology as identical with mathematics. He speaks about a kind of ontology entitled subtractive ontology which is based on pure multiplicity from which the one is subtracted. The fundamental claim of this ontology pertains to the mathematics of ontology. According to Badiou, this idea can be explained only by set theory. Within this ontological bed no reference is made to the meaning of being, nor sought to answer the question: “what is the nature of beings, as they are?” Instead, just like some great philosophers such as Leibnitz and Heidegger, in his philosophical struggle, he put the following question as his watchword: "why there are beings, instead of nonbeings?”. Undoubtedly, raising such question indicates the importance of nothingness in Badiou’s outlook. In this line, as void set plays a very important role in the set theory, nothingness is also important in subtractive ontology. In this paper, an attempt is made to study the notion of nothingness in Badiou’s ontology and highlight the importance of using mathematics to describe nothingness in this sort of ontology.

The present paper aims to visualize and analyze the co-authorship network of articles of national congress on family pathology using social network analysis (SNA) indicators. The present paper employed the descriptive research method with scientometrics approach and analyzed social network by micro and macro indicators. UCINET software was used to visualize and analyze the co-authorship network, and VOS viewer software was utilized to visualize a density network of the co-authorship. The 6th congress includes the most articles and the 5th includes the least papers. Dual and triple patterns of co-authorship are assigned as the most common patterns in the studied network. However, the most applied authorship pattern during the 6th hold congresses was the collaborative co-authorship pattern. The network has low consistency and contains many isolated nodes. “Sadeghi”, “Mazaheri”, “Dehghani”, “Zardamvi” and “Yaryari” are considered as social capitals of the network due to their high centrality and collaboration degree.

People's speech shows their beliefs, values and views which run over their tongue unconsciously, in other words people say whatever they think. Using this property of language makes it possible for viewers to discover a film producer's ideology by dealing with the language of a film. In this research we have analyzed the scripts of the movie "The Glass Agency" by Ebrahim Hatamikia. In this research we have used the ideational metafunction (of Systematic Functional Grammar of Halliday) and the polarity of self and the other -on the basis of the ideological square of Van Dijk - . After grouping the characters of the scripts, we found that in the script of "The Glass Agency", group one (the first character and his companions) has emphasized the "foregrounding of the positive points of self" more than the other sides of the ideological square and has shown this emphasis by the use of the material process. But the opposite group has emphasized the "foregrounding of the negative points of the other" and it has made use of relational process for doing this.

A viscosity model، based on Eyring’s absolute rate theory combined with a cubic PR equation of state and Wong-Sandler mixing rule، has been proposed in order to correlate viscosities of aqueous solutions of alkanolamine mixtures at atmospheric pressure and different temperatures. In the proposed method، the energy and size parameters in studied Equation of State (EoS) have been obtained using the Wong – Sandler (WS) mixing rule combined with the NRTL and Wilson Gibbs equations. The NRTL and Wilson parameters for aqueous solutions of alkanolamine mixtures have been correlated using measured viscosity data at atmospheric pressure and different temperatures. The overall average deviation between the experimental and calculated viscosities of studied aqueous solutions of alkanolamine mixtures using Wilson model is 0. 92%.

Potentiometric investigation on {H2O+NaNO3+PEG1500} mixtures were made at T=308. 15K، using electrochemical cells with two ion-selective electrodes، (Na+ glass) as the cation ion-selective electrode against (NO3- solvent-polymer PVC) as the anion ion-selective electrode. The mean ionic activity coefficients of NaNO3 were measured at different concentrations of NaNO3 and PEG. Maximum concentration of electrolyte and PEG were 1 mol/kg and 0. 12 mol/kg، respectively. The experimental data was modeled by utilizing the modified Pitzer equation and the activity coefficient ratio of PEG was evaluated by using Maxwell’s cross differential relation.

Pleurotus florida is an industrially cultivated basidiomycete with nutritional، environmental and medical properties. In This study used the cellulytic waste materials contains newspaper، straw paper، inkjet printed paper، laser printed paper، handwritten paper، plain paper. The effects of different substrate on fruit body formation، biological efficiency and protein content of P. florida in 50 days period were examined. Spawn running، pin head and fruit body formation، were studied and the results demonstrated that these three phases take less time in straw paper treatment compare to control. In the all treatments، protein content were decreased. The most protein content was observed in the laser printed paper while the lowest measure of protein content showed in the straw paper treatment. The waste paper treatments decreased biological efficiency and also in the protein content of P. florida.

New Urbanism has been described as the most influential movement in architecture and planning in the United States in the modernism movement. Some argue that new urbanism is the answer to suburban sprawl and the way urban centers were decaying and the simultaneous increase of communities that were fragmented, car-oriented and spread out. In recent years, new urbanism principals have been adopted for many housing and neighborhood planning efforts. New urbanism emphasis on traditional neighborhood design to create sustainable and efficient communities. Traditional neighborhoods design is a set of development practices to create more attractive and more compact communities designed to encourage bicycling and walking for short trips by providing destinations close to home and work, and by providing sidewalks and a pleasant environment for walking and biking. This article has tried to introduce new urbanism movement and its charter and the most important principal of it that are applied increasingly to projects at the full range of scales from a single building to an entire community such as walkability, connectivity, mixed-use and diversity, mixed housing, quality architecture and urban design, traditional neighborhood structure, increased density, public transportation, parking planning, public participation, etc. while the benefits and criticism of the movement have been studied, then new urbanism neighborhood design features and the sequence of design were investigated. The main question of this article is what and how principals of new urbanism can be applied in inner city neighborhoods planning, while the design features and sequence of design should have been taken into consideration? This article concludes that new urbanism principals are consistent with boarder policies aimed at improving living conditions and opportunities for inner city residents.

This study was carried out during two years study from oct. 2005. to sep. 2007 in Bahrekan coastal waters in Northwest of the Persian Gulf. Sampling was done Seasonally from 5 stations (4 stations in artificial reef site and one station in muddy soft bottom area as a control site). Generaly 14 and 74 groups of attached fauna were observed in the first and second year of study respectively, and the most dominant groups were barnacles, anthozoa, spongs, bryozoans, echinodermata, isopoda, polychaets and gastropods. 42 species of decapods crustacean and coelenterate only in reef site and 12 species of mollusk only in control site were observed. 18 species were common between two sites. Biomass variations were observed in different seasons and the highest biomass were found in winter due to barnacle abundance.

The writers of this article present an analysis of the main characters in the story of ‘Do Zaahed’ (Two Hermits) from Lacanian point of view. Lacan divides human nature into three parts; imaginary order, symbolic order and the real. According to him, the imaginary order is the domain of apparent attractions and deception. The symbolic order is the realm of law which regulates the desire in human being and the real, indicates that man’s essence is in the unconscious and beyond his existence; this one he calls as the other. Thus, the study of language techniques would be useful in presenting a psychological analysis of a character. The story of ‘Do Zaahed’ has three main characters, Haaroun Al Rashid, Ibn-e Amri and Ibn-e Sammaak. These characters are analyzed based on Lacan’s view of human nature.