sara moghaddam

Leukemia is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, especially in children. The present research aims to comprehensively estimate leukemia cancer survival in Asian countries through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The current research is a systematic review and meta-analysis of leukemia patients' survival rates in Asian countries. Five databases ISI, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were used to search for relevant studies. Keywords were selected based on MeSH. The search for studies continued until February 1, 2023. The random-effects model was used to reduce the risk of bias in the studies. The Egger’s regression test was also used to evaluate the risk of publication bias. A total number of 73 papers were considered for the analysis. All analyses were performed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2 software.

The overall one-year and five-year survival rates of the leukemia patients were 62.3% (95% CI: 60.9%-63.6%) and 46.7% (95% CI: 41.2%-52.3%), respectively. The results of the subgroup analysis revealed that the five-year survival rate of myeloid leukemia was 36.3% (95% CI: 35.8%-36.8%), while the five-year survival rate of lymphoid leukemia was 62.4% (95% CI: 58.2%-66.4%). The results of the overall 5-year survival rate of leukemia patients by age group showed that, in general, children have a higher survival rate than adults [63.3% (95% CI: 58.7%-67.6%) vs. 27.6% (95% CI: 23.2%-32.6%)].

In general, the survival rates of leukemia patients in Asian countries are very different. On the whole, however, the present study demonstrated that the five-year survival rate for leukemia patients in Asian countries has achieved a level of 46.7%, irrespective of variables such as age, cancer stage, or treatment protocol.

In recent years, with the rapid expansion of Internet use, Internet addiction has increased. Internet addiction will be considered as a disorder worldwide in the near future and it is very important to prevent it from becoming an acute problem in the new era. 

The current study was planned to assess changes in the state of internet addiction, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021.

The current cross-sectional study was done on university students (Medical Sciences and Islamic Azad) in southern Iran in October 2021. Standard Kimberly Young questionnaire was used to measure the status of internet addiction. A total of 379 students was selected through convenience sampling method. The link to the online questionnaire was provided to the study participants through the official educational programs, websites and official social networks of the universities. Paired t-tests, chi-square and ANOVA were used for analysis. Logistic regression model was used to measure predictive variables.

More than 65% of the people were women and 83.6% were single. Analysis of the standard internet addiction questionnaire showed that the average score of Internet addiction had increased from 34.44±14.10 to 48.47±17.72, which was significant (P<0.001). The duration of Internet use was also increased from 1.87±0.63 per day to 3.95±1.71 hours per day, which was significant (P<0.001).

In general, it seems that the level of internet addiction among students has increased during COVID-19. Therefore, immediate public awareness measures are needed to monitor internet consumption. Since students are at risk of Internet addiction, early identification and implementation of preventive and control programs are suggested for this group.

Exam anxiety can have an unpleasant effect on students and change exam results. This study aimed to investigate the effect of inhaled lavender essential oil aromatherapy on objective structured clinical examination (OSCE)-induced anxiety.

The present study was conducted as a double-blind, randomized clinical study with a control group. The participants were 51 college students who were randomly divided into two groups of placebo and intervention. The intervention group was given 2 drops of 2% lavender essential oil, and the placebo group was given 2 drops of distilled water. The samples inhaled the essential oil using an absorbable napkin attached to a face mask for 20 minutes. Before the OSCE test, each group's anxiety and vital signs were assessed and recorded before and after the intervention using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Vital Signs Instruments.

The results of the independent t-test showed that before the intervention, the difference in mean anxiety between the intervention and placebo groups was not statistically significant (44.16±10.58 vs. 41.80±12.54). Even after the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and the placebo groups in terms of mean anxiety values (44.92±12.18 vs. 43.19±13.12).

Inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essential oil does not affect anxiety caused by OSCE test in students.

On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 as a public health emergency. In the present study, we compared the preventative and therapeutic strategies and the success rates of Iran and Switzerland during the COVID-19 outbreak.Materialsand

This study was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. In addition, the official documents of developed countries and WHO from 1st February until 15th May 2020 were studied. Relevant documents were reviewed in detail, and vital data were extracted.

Both countries have restriction policies to reduce the infection rate in the prevention setting. These policies, such as the recommendation to all citizens to stay home unless necessary, army participation, and non-face-to-face counseling, were surveyed by similar techniques in both countries. Some policies were implemented in both countries with different protocols. These policies, including social distancing practices, smart distancing methods, business activities, border closures, border controls, and restrictions, travel restrictions, testing and screening for infection and fever, and decreased working hours, were performed in both countries. In the treatment setting, the therapeutic strategy used in Iran consisted of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine phosphate and anti-viral drugs. Switzerland followed the guidelines of the European countries. The infection rate, recovery rate, and death rate were 0.139%, 78.73%, and 5.91% in Iran, while these rates were 0.352%, 88.81%, and 6.15% in Switzerland, respectively.

Due to the lack of special treatment for the disease, prevention must be considered the most important factor in policymaking. Importantly, observing social distance is the most effective method among the preventative strategies. The capacity of the health care systems to provide optimal services and facilities is an important factor for patients ‘recovery

Today, with the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, we have witnessed many efforts by different countries to produce a vaccine for this disease. Each vaccine has been marketed with different efficiencies, thus this research was designed to determine the efficacy of different types of these vaccines in 2022. 

The present research was a systematic review. Researchers surveyed six international databases, including Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and the ISI Web of Science, in January 2022. After reviewing the titles and abstracts of articles, 60 articles entered the final stage, and their full texts were reviewed based on the study purpose. All the vaccines included in the study were approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) or the Ministry of Health of the manufacturer country in the third phase of the clinical trial. 

All current vaccination platforms provide adequate protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARC-CoV-2) infection and significantly reduce the risk of serious infection. In addition, people who receive two vaccine doses have higher efficacy than those who only receive one dose of each vaccine. The results of the studies demonstrated that the effectiveness of vaccines is different in various groups and countries. According to the results of the reviewed studies, the Pfizer vaccine had an overall effect of 100% on the age group of 12-15 years. The overall effect of the Moderna vaccine varied from 78.6% to 97% in different groups. In general, the available vaccines for COVID-19 are less effective in the Omicron variant. On the other hand, it seems that the COVID-19 vaccines had better efficacy on the alpha variant. 

Overall, the vaccines used in the COVID-19 pandemic have acceptable efficacy. Although serious side effects caused by the injection of the vaccine have been rarely reported in some studies, it seems that the safety of these vaccines is acceptable in general.

PTSD is an anxiety disorder which after severe stressful events such as war, earthquake, flood, aggression, accident as well as in occupations where there is human, medical and educational communication and there is more stress, it can be seen. Since the medical emergency personnel in most cases are a first-line service provider to patients and victims are exposed to stress and psychological trauma we decided to research on the prevalence of PTSD and its contributing factors to the medical emergency personnel of Jahrom. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 medical emergency medical personnel in Jahrom, who work as technicians and drivers in these units, were investigated and after receiving satisfaction from the participants, they were given a questionnaire. Mississippi PTSD questionnaire and demographic questionnaire to diagnoses and collect personal information was used. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and analytic statistics. The mean age of subjects was 32.1 ± 4.8 years and most of them were bachelor's degrees. Among participants, 2.4% of people were with mild PTSD and the rest were 97.9% with moderate PTSD and no one had severe type of disorder. Among the four dimensions of the post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire, the highest score was obtained in dimension of emotional control disorder and then the highest score was followed by disruptions in personal relationships. There was no significant correlation between post-traumatic stress disorder with age, level of education, working hours, marital status, place of mission and work experience (P> 0.05). Based on the results of the study, most medical emergency personnel in Jahrom, suffer from moderate PTSD that given the importance of their job, it is recommended that training be provided on emotional self-efficacy and coping skills and other emotional readiness.

Nursing profession requires knowledge of ethics to guide performance. The nature of this profession necessitates ethical care more than routine care. Today, worldwide definition of professional ethic code has been done based on human and ethical issues in the communication between nurse and patient. To improve all dimensions of nursing, we need to respect ethic codes. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge and performance about nursing ethic codes from nurses'' and patients'' perspective. A cross-sectional comparative study Conducted upon 345 nurses and 500 inpatients in six teaching hospitals of Tabriz, 2012. To investigate nurses'' knowledge and performance, data were collected by using structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive and analytic statistics, independent t-test and ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient, in SPSS13. Most of the nurses were female, married, educated at BS degree and 86.4% of them were aware of Ethic codes also 91.9% of nurses and 41.8% of patients represented nurses respect ethic codes. Nurses'' and patients'' perspective about ethic codes differed significantly. Significant relationship was found between nurses'' knowledge of ethic codes and job satisfaction and complaint of ethical performance. According to the results, consideration to teaching ethic codes in nursing curriculum for student and continuous education for staff is proposed, on the other hand recognizing failures of the health system, optimizing nursing care, attempt to inform patients about Nursing ethic codes, promote patient rights and achieve patient satisfaction can minimize the differences between the two perspectives.