seyed mohammad mirkamali

Considering the increasing trend of the migration of academic elites and the failure of many of them to return to the country in recent years, the aim of the present study is to identify the factors affecting the migration of academic elites from the perspective of the functions of the higher education system in Iran.

The research, in terms of purpose, is applied, and in terms of data collection, is qualitative, using documentary study and systematic review methods. Accordingly, scientific-research articles published in Iran (2002-2022) in domestic scientific-research databases including Noormags, Magiran, and the Humanities Database were reviewed. Then, based on criteria such as the relevance of the articles to the main research topic, the focus of the research on academic elites, attention to the components related to the functions of higher education as a factor affecting the migration of academic elites, being scientific-research articles, and a specific time frame, 34 articles were selected from among 944 studies through examining the title, abstract, and content, and fanally were analyzed. The credibility of the qualitative findings was confirmed using the method of triangulation, as well az the principles of Lincoln and Guba and Creswell's strategies.The results of the systematic review led to the identification of two categorical clusters of "internal push factors" and "external pull factors" including 11 components and 34 concepts. 

Regarding the main research question of identifying the factors affecting the migration of academic elites in Iran from the perspective of the functions of higher education and reviewing the research conducted in the past twenty years (2002-2022), a total of 11 components were identified, including 6 components in the category of push factors (insufficient quality of educational functions; insufficient quality of the research ecosystem; inadequate efficiency of the innovation system; inadequate efficiency of the research ecosystem; inadequate efficiency of the innovation system; inadequate efficiency of the education governance system; problems and obstacles in attracting and retaining academic elites; inappropriate academic culture and climate) and 5 components in the category of pull factors (desirable quality of the education system; desirable quality of research; the existence of a suitable academic culture and climate; an efficient system of retaining and career development of faculty members; and the dynamic relationship between the university and society). Based on this, although the reasons given for the movements and displacements of elites are highly diverse and numerous, alongside economic, political, and social factors, one of the most important push factors leading to the migration of academic elites in developing countries, including Iran, is access to high-quality higher education from various dimensions. Consequently, in order to address the phenomenon of academic elite migration in Iran as an inevitable phenomenon and a global trend, policymakers and authorities, particularly in the field of higher education, should focus on strategies to better utilize the capacity of elites outside the country in the form of elite circulation, in addition to efforts to address and reduce internal pressure factors and improve the quality level of higher education within the country to retain and preserve elites, as well as efforts to facilitate the return of migrants.

The concept of innovation is one of the concepts that has been misunderstood in various areas, or confused with concepts such as entrepreneurship, creativity, or change, and has been used synonymously as an adjective for individuals and institutions, especially for the academic institutions. The present study has been conducted with the aim of investigating this concept versus entrepreneurship and also extracting the specific characteristics of the innovative university in the existing literature by a qualitative method. In this regard, the meta-synthesis method has been used as a method to create a new idea or new interpretation of the findings of previous research (26 international scientific articles and 7 domestic articles among 352 papers over a period of fifty years). Consequently, depending on the model deriving from the research, it was identified that one of the key features of an innovative university is multiple interactions, especially with civil society, and also fulfilling the social needs. Therefore, the innovative university is more reminiscent of the concept of an "adaptive university" with an emphasis on adapting to the social needs of a changing environment, rather than merely achieving financial benefits.

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the locus of control and social responsibility with the mediation of professional ethics among elementary school teachers in Shahr-e-Rey. The research method was descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling. The research population included all elementary school teachers of the first and second districts of Shahr-e-Rey (1160 people). The sample size was determined by Cochran's formula, 218 people. The stratified sampling method is proportional. To collect data, the control locus questionnaire with reliability (α = 0.84), professional ethics with reliability (α = 0.96) and social responsibility (α = 0.91) was used, whose content validity was checked using experts' opinions. And it was confirmed. Also, the construct validity of the questionnaires was checked and verified using confirmatory factor analysis. The findings showed that among the components of professional ethics, the component of justice and the component of responsibility had the ability to predict social responsibility. Structural equation modeling has also indicated the effect of locus of control on professional ethics (γ=0.50) and social responsibility (β=0.14). Also, professional ethics have directly influenced social responsibility (β=0.54). Finally, locus of control has been influential on social responsibility (γ=0.06) through the mediation of professional ethics. The results showed that the social responsibility of teachers is rooted in the rule of professional ethics on their vision, behavior and action, which itself is caused by the situation of the locus of control (internal or external) of people. Therefore, if teachers accept responsibility for their actions and attribute successes and failures to internal factors, they will move in the direction of professional ethics and will not only be clothed with ethics in the divine and personal dimension, but also towards others and They will feel responsible for their surroundings.

The aim of this study was to predict the performance of primary school principals in terms of components of brain executive functions. The present study is a descriptive-correlational and statistical population including all school principals in District 7 of Mashhad. The sample size of 106 people was determined by stratified sampling method using proportional calculation using Cochran sampling formula. Data were collected using the Executive Function Questionnaire with reliability (0.88) and the school principals' performance evaluation questionnaire with reliability (0.90). The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and direct correlation between executive functions of managers' brains and their performance (sig = 0.0001, r = 0.71) at a significant level (a = 0.01). Also, the results obtained from stepwise regression showed that in the best predictive model (fifth model) for the performance of primary school principals in District 7 of Mashhad, the component of Social cognition has the least predictive role (Beta = 0.156) and the flexibility component has the most predictive role (Beta= 0/482). According to the obtained findings, it is necessary to ensure the high level and quality of their functions in order to select and appoint school principals in order to perform their duties optimally.

The purpose of this study is to provide a framework for human resource development of engineering students based on mentoring programs. To achieve this goal, the Meta-synthesis qualitative method has been used. Therefore, search for specialized research keywords; Mentoring engineering students, mentoring higher education students in reputable scientific databases; Science Direct, Springer, Wiley Online Library, ERIC, Sage Journals, Emerald were conducted over a period of time (2000-2001). Finally, 72 studies were selected for analysis. Findings in the first part include academic topics (university leadership, university management); Communication (intra-university and extra-university communication); Soft capacities (cultural norms and moral norms); Before the implementation of the program (preliminary planning, preparation); During program implementation (program implementation management, session execution method); Monitoring and evaluation of program implementation (monitoring of performance, program evaluation); The consequences of the program (student and university). In the second part, the findings are in the form of themes of the characteristics of the faculty members (general characteristics of the professor, scientific characteristics of the professor); Student characteristics (general student characteristics, student scientific characteristics); Common features (common common features, common scientific features) were categorized. Finally, policy recommendations for Iran’s higher engineering education system are provided.

Today, the study of executive functions, which is one of the main controllers and coordinators of human behavior, has received widespread attention. In this study, an attempt was made to identify and categorize the theories, models, and components that make up the executive functions of the brain by systematically reviewing internal and external studies. To collect data and after searching for specialized research keywords, including; Theories of executive functions of the brain, components of executive functions of the brain, models of executive functions of the brain, in international databases; Science Direct, Springer, Wiley Online Library, ERIC, Sage Journals, Emerald and National Databases; Ensani SID, Magiran, Noormags in the period (2000-2020) and (1379-1399), 54 articles were retrieved. Findings led to the identification and categorization of five theories of 15 models of brain executive functions, and 30 components of the executive functions of the brain. The results show the irreplaceable importance of executive functions as the most important skills necessary to acquire and promote mental and physical health, academic and professional success, success in life, social and cognitive development of individuals whose failure can lead to a wide range of behavioral and emotional problems. It is acknowledged.

The purpose of this study is to determine the methods of dealing with unqualified teachers. The present study is based on the applied purpose and the method of collecting the findings using the phenomenological method. The statistical population of the study was three groups of officials of education departments, primary school principals and university experts in the field of professional qualifications of teachers who were selected using purposive sampling method. The data obtained from this section were analyzed through content analysis. Four categories of preventive, corrective, supervisory and punishment actions were identified.Preventive actins include; designing an effective recruitment system based on professional competencies, improving the quality of teacher training courses, designing and implementing mechanisms related to culture building, paying attention to motivational factors and environmental health factors, enriching teachers 'jobs, raising teachers' competencies as concerns, identifying challenges ,The issue of incompetence of teachers in a systematic way is the design and implementation of appropriate mechanisms to encourage and support qualified teachers, select and employ qualified managers, planning. Preventive actions include; designing an efficient recruitment system based on professional competencies, designing and implementing mechanisms related to culture building, paying attention to corrective measures including designing and implementing training courses, designing and implementing empowerment programs by colleagues, designing and implementing teacher empowerment programs By experts, design and implementation of teacher empowerment programs through the self-development system, design and implementation of teacher empowerment programs by principals and provide feedback, the principals. Monitoring actions include; Includes continuous monitoring and control of teachers' performance.

Considering the prominent role of principals in achieving the goals of organizations, especially school principals, it is very important to pay attention to and evaluate their performance. Therefore, the present study aims to provide a conceptual model for evaluating the performance of school principals. The research method is qualitative and meta-combined. Data collection was done by documentary method and by reviewing all scientific sources related to the subject of evaluating the performance of school principals (domestic 1380-1398 and foreign 1990-2011). To this end, in the last two decades, the keywords of evaluating and evaluating the performance of principals, duties of principals, performance standards of principals, characteristics and competencies of principals and professional competencies of principals (schools) in internal databases such as scientific database; SIDs, and external databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Emerald, Elsevier, Proquest Spinger Taylor, and Francis were examined with a complete review of 47 sources from 1123 primary sources, 8 main components, and 28 subcomponents as criteria for evaluating school principals' performance. , Identified and classified. It is noteworthy that the findings of this study as a model after going through seven steps of meta-combination and screening of backgrounds and resources obtained, finally by examining 47 sources, the components of school principals' performance evaluation were obtained. Also, after analyzing the components into 28 components and 8 dimensions, which include "Educational Leadership", "Organizational Management", "Resource Management", "Communication Management", "Professional Management", "Ethical Management", "Students' Academic Achievement" And "Client Satisfaction" were categorized. Educational Leadership: Educational leadership is an effective process of guiding the talents and energy of teachers, students and parents in achieving common educational goals, whose role is to support, strengthen and help, and ultimately cooperate with members of the organization to improve and develop education in schools. In this study, educational leadership refers to a set of core responsibilities of school principals, namely guidance and leadership, teaching learning, vision definition, professional development, motivation, support, cultural education and improving the school climate. In the role of leadership, school principals direct the activities of staff or teachers and students in order to achieve the goals of the organization, and also teach and teach them, which is the most important task of school principals, to develop students and to develop the professional profession of teachers. . In order to achieve the goals of the organization, it draws a common vision that is clear to all members of the organization and creates a common understanding of it for teachers, staff and parents. In the motivating role, it recognizes and understands the needs, behavior and personality of students, teachers and staff and guides the behavior towards the desired behavior based on feelings of respect, value, positive self-concept, cognition, self-awareness, justice and understanding the talents and strengths of individuals. Also, in the role of support, it should be the source of solving the problem and opening the work knot of teachers, staff and students. In this sense, the principal is responsible for providing the necessary information, favorable contexts and opportunities to solve the problems of teachers and students, and in the role of educational and cultural affairs, the director cooperates with extracurricular activities that are outside the official programs related to educational and cultural issues. The principal works with a foster care teacher in the school with the aim of protecting the boundaries of belief and preserving the achievements and explaining the values ​​of the country, as well as the development of students' social skills. The school atmosphere is a relatively stable quality of the school environment that is created through the relationship between principal and teachers, teachers and teachers, teachers and staff, teachers and students, or relationships between students, and is based on a collective perception of school behavior. Other schools are distinguished in terms of the effect that the school atmosphere has on the success and performance of the school should be given serious attention by school principals, and the principal in this role should seek to create a joker and effort and intimacy and camaraderie in the school. Organizational management: Organizational management refers to the general duties of principals in schools. In this model, the set of functions of managers, namely planning, organizing, coordinating, monitoring and controlling, decision-making, evaluation, implementation, their organizational management is considered. Planning is very important in management. This importance arises from the fact that effective planning affects the behavior of management and the organization in practice and deeply, and enables effective control of organizational activities. In order to be organized in the school, the principal must identify the activities necessary to achieve the goals and implement the programs, as well as group the activities according to material and human resources. And in coordination to create unity and unity between the activities of different units of the organization so that the goals of the organization are effectively achieved. Every purposeful collective activity requires supervision and control, the realities of organizational life require precise control of their activities. Organizations are subject to constant change and therefore their activities are becoming more complex day by day, the employees of the organization are human beings and their behavior is not free from error and mistake, and delegating authority to facilitate the work is inevitable. All of this points to the supervision and control of school principals and highlights its importance. Decision making as one of the important functions of management is at the forefront of all tasks and is present and influential in all other functions without exception. If we think that decision-making means choosing one of the various ways to solve a problem, we can not do any planning, organizing, monitoring and controlling without making a decision. No management and organization can achieve its ideals and goals without reviewing the results of its work and performance. Evaluation is one of the basic tasks of management that measures the achievement of goals by reviewing and researching the performance of individuals and the organization and provides the grounds for removing obstacles, modifying methods, improving forces and finally going through other stages of movement and growth in the organization. Once all the processes of management functions, including planning, organizing, coordinating, and decision-making, have been identified, it is time to implement and implement these decisions. Implement the rules of the country's education system properly in schools. Resource Management: Resource management means the management of human and financial affairs and material affairs. In human affairs, the principal deals with the administrative affairs of the students and school staff, and in financial affairs, he spends the school budget, allocates resources, saves expenses, etc., and in material affairs, he takes care of the school building and property. In the humanities, the principal is responsible for the admission, registration, grouping of students and maintenance of various statistics such as personal and academic records and information, as well as identifying the abilities and needs of students and teachers and their upbringing, as well as recruitment, employment, training and employment. Pays for their maintenance and so on. In the present study, the principal's finances mean the success rate of the principal in budgeting, resource allocation, cost savings, etc. in the school. And the purpose of material or physical affairs is to provide the necessary information in the field of educational materials and facilities, facilities, classroom equipment and forecasting future needs and facilities, etc. Communication Management: Communication management means the set of communication skills of managers' cooperation and partnership with teachers, parents and success in communicating effectively with students and communicating with outside communities. Professional management: Professional management means the ability of the principal in creativity and solving problems and problems of the school and providing appropriate solutions, receptive and demanding change and innovation in the school. Problem Solving In art management, finding ways to get from where you are to where you want to go is defined, although it is assumed that the manager does not already know how to get there. Creativity is one of the basic aspects in expanding the capabilities of knowledgeable human resources. Change in educational institutions always happens and creates opportunities for positive growth. In order for educational administrators to become real leaders, they must consider change and innovation as positive challenges for the improvement of their country's schools and educational districts, so according to this concept, one of the basic roles and responsibilities of administrators is change and innovation within the organization. In the technology component, a school principal must be able to apply new methods of information technology in performing professional and organizational tasks. Ethical management: Ethical management means a set of behavioral characteristics that lead to the observance of the common rights of colleagues and stakeholders and is manifested in issues such as justice and fairness, judgment, accountability and responsibility, etc. Fairness from the root half means equal distribution of resources, but justice from the root of justice seeks to allocate resources in an efficient, effective and principled manner and with maximum satisfaction for the parties. In this regard, a fair manager seeks to halve everything among his employees, while a fair manager seeks to find a way to best allocate resources between the proportion of efficiency and performance with the availability of resources. Now these resources can be financial resources, such as salaries, wages, or based on material and non-material rewards, the amount of attention paid to staff or training facilities. Accountability is a commitment to responsibility and is one of the basic and important characteristics of managers. Responsibility is a sense of duty and commitment on the part of management to meet the needs or interests of stakeholders. In other words, the performance of the entrusted tasks is well defined by the management in order to maintain and promote the welfare of the stakeholders and the goals of the organization. The term accountability refers to the concept of "answering". In other words, accountability is defined as taking on the results and consequences of actions and actions, if the needs and interests are not met, as well as measures to improve the situation. The rate of academic achievement and growth of students: In any education system, one of the important indicators for evaluating the performance of schools is the rate of academic achievement of students. In schools, the performance of school principals directly affects the performance of teachers and indirectly affects the academic achievement of students. Therefore, in any education system, one of the important indicators for evaluating the performance of schools is the academic achievement of students. Client Satisfaction: Satisfaction is a positive feeling that is created in stakeholders after receiving services, and this will happen if the principal at the school meets the expectations of his clients. The results showed that paying attention to the identified dimensions can help senior principals in accurately and comprehensively diagnosing the performance of school principals, and provide the basis for optimal decision-making, selection and correct selection.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational learning and communication skills with organizational conflict in the staff of the Education Department of the four districts of Karaj. The study method was correlational. The statistical population of the study included all employees of the Education Department of the four districts of Karaj. According to the statistical population, a sample of 265 people was selected and selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection tools were Nif Organizational Learning Questionnaire (2001), Baron and Hadadi Communication Skills Questionnaire (1986) and Shirkhani Organizational Conflict Questionnaire (2011). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression test (stepwise). Findings of this study showed that there is a relationship between team learning and information skills variables with organizational conflict (P <0.05) and team learning and information skills variables have the predictive power of organizational conflict. It seems that by cultivating the spirit of learning in the organization and also improving the communication skills of employees, individual and organizational conflicts can be prevented.

Universities, as a driving force in any country, play a key role in achieving various aspects of development. The most important asset and competitive advantage of any organization are its human resources. University employees, too, play a striking and influential role in the quality of the performance of their organization. Therefore, it is very important to address issues related to employees’ performance. The aim of this study was to explain the relationships between organizational silence and organizational commitment and their effect on employees’ social responsibility. Data were gathered through questionnaires distributed among 132 employees and were analyzed by structural equation technique. The results show that organizational silence has a positive and significant effect on social responsibility. Social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. Also, results confirm the negative and significant effect of organizational silence variable on organizational commitment through the mediating variable of social responsibility. Finally, suggestions have been made for executives and researchers.

The present research aimed to identify the learning outcomes of the “educational administration” major at the PhD level and also to design a curriculum model accordingly. Participants include 11 faculty members (from the universities of Tehran, Shahid beheshti and kharazmi) and 5 employers. They were selected through purposeful sampling. To gather the data, a questionnaire for a semi-structured interview was designed and used. To analyze the data, the method of content analysis was implemented. The result of the analysis of interviews  showed 4 general fields (academic, organizational- managerial, social- cultural, humanistic), 17  subsets and 70 learning outcomes.

Education has the most important task in developing knowledge and informing people by providing an appropriate educational environment. This can only be achieved when the education system has the most competent and deserving people to fulfill its mission. Therefore this study has been done by the purpose of evaluating the professional competences of elementary teachers "from the perspective of administrators" in Markazi province. The research method base on the purpose is applied and base on the data collection is quantitative in descriptive type which has been done as a survey method. The statistical population consisted of elementary school administrators of Markazi province. Stratified random sampling method with appropriate (relative) assignment was used for sampling. School districts of Arak, Komijan and Mahalat were selected as the sample. According to the Jersey and Morgan table of 141 school administrators, 103 administrators were considered as the sample of the study. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of teachers' professional competences under the supervision of three professors in four areas: personal (14 items), interpersonal (6 items), specialized (29 items) and professional ethics (17 items). The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a number of respondents and the content validity was confirmed after examining by four professional professors. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient using SPSS software. The coefficient alpha of the total questionnaire was 0.98, personal dimension 0.96, interpersonal dimension 0.95, professional dimension 0.97 and professional ethics dimension 0.96. Questionnaires were distributed to 60 percent of the teachers in each school. In order to be random and non-interfering with the teacher's taste in teacher selection and on the other hand to keep the name of the teacher confidential, the researcher selected the number of teachers from the school staff's absence note book as a code and placed these codes on the questionnaires. In this case, the school administrator by visiting the attendance notebook knew which teacher completed the questionnaire, while the researcher had only the code in question. After distributing all questionnaires and receiving them, 405 questionnaires were finally received, out of which 50 administrators in one district (244 questionnaires), 27 administrators in Komijan city (101 questionnaires) and 13 administrators in Mahallat city (60 questionnaires) were completed and delivered. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including binomial and Friedman tests. The results showed that the status of teachers' professional competences were above average. Distribution of scores on the continuum of professional competences showed that 96% of teachers were in the range of competent teachers and 04% of teachers were in the range of incompetent teachers. Teachers who are not qualified as a result of assessments are considered as incompetent teachers. In fact the mean score of the questionnaire that is less than 3.5 shows that that teacher does not have a minimum acceptable level of professional competence for teaching. Although the professional competences of elementary teachers in Markazi province are at a desirable level, should not neglect the 04% incompetent teachers. It may seem that 04% is not significant, but it has been carefully realized that this is a significant number and requires seriousness and diligence in managing incompetent teachers. According to the latest statistics from the Ministry of Education's Communication and Information Technology Statistics Center in 1398, 358,000 elementary teachers are teaching students in the education system. According to the Director General of Primary Education, the average student density in primary school classrooms was 28 in 1398. Now, if we multiply the percentage of incompetent teachers by the number of elementary teachers, we get 14,320 incompetent teachers. The 14,320 teachers who are responsible for the education of an average of 28 students every year. That means 400,690 students just in one year. Ignorance of this subject causes educational injustice and overcrowding to thousands of students. Therefore, it is necessary to intelligently design a planned and long-term approach to this important and effective issue. The results of ranking the dimensions of teachers' professional competences showed that the professional ethics, personal dimension, interpersonal dimension and specialized dimension were ranked first to fourth respectively. However, no matter how much the teachers have the necessary personal competences, but they are poor scientifically and professionally, they will not be effective. The most important suggestions and strategies for improving the status of teachers' professional competences are: 1: It is suggested that teachers' professional competences be determined in a comprehensive and accurate methods and employment of teacher-student be done based on specified indicators. 2:  In addition, careful consideration is needed in employing and training school principals. Given the key and important role of school administrators, it is imperative that individuals with high-level skills and abilities be in charge of this task. Therefore, in this regard, competent and highly qualified persons should be responsible for school administration. 3: It is suggested that the education system design a system of evaluation of teachers' performance based on professional competences and based on this accurately evaluate and assess the degree of competence.  4: The education system needs serious attention to the issue of teachers' professional competence at all levels of education and society, and there is a strong resolve in all management disciplines to improve the competences of teachers. 5: To coordinate teachers with scientific advances in various fields of education, to adapt to new students' needs, to develop their knowledge, attitudes and skills, and ultimately to adapt to changing conditions, they must provide the basis for their professional development. Education is one of the tools of teachers' professional development. Teachers who fail to meet the minimum professional standards of teachers need to be educated in the areas of their weaknesses and shortcomings. It is recommended that specialized training courses, based on the educational needs of teachers be provided with rich content and practical and attractive ways for teachers to develop and empower teachers. 6: It is recommended to empower teachers with careful planning. In this regard, it is suggested that empowerment programs be put on the agenda through educational professionals, colleagues, administrators, and teachers themselves.

This research was an attempt to determine the role of reengineering on staff development through a descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population of this study included all staff of Faculties of Social and Behavioral Sciences of University of Tehran (N=303). Cochran Formula was used to determine the sample size (N=162) who were selected using proportional stratified sampling method. The data were collected through two questionnaires of Researcher-made Reengineering Questionnaire and Staff Development Questionnaire (Athari et al., 2012). The validity of the forenamed questionnaires was confirmed by experts’ opinions. Besides, their Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficients were calculated as 0.91 and 0.88, respectively. The data were analyzed using One Sample T-test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Structural Equation Modeling methods. Research findings showed that: a) the status of reengineering and staff development across Faculties of Social and Behavioral Sciences of University of Tehran were above the hypothetical mean value, b) there was a significant relationship between reengineering status and staff development across Social and Behavioral Sciences of University of Tehran, c) reengineering variable was capable to determine staff development variable across Social and Behavioral Sciences of University of Tehran.

The present study has identified the barriers of knowledge creation system by using a qualitative-explorative research approach at universities. In this research, 14 experts from the knowledge creation area were interviewed by semi-structured exploratory method and the information obtained from these interviews were analyzed through content analysis method. The findings showed the barriers of knowledge creation as following: faculty members did not have enough motivation to create new knowledge and they do not take the time to do basic and applied research. Furthermore, they are lacking the basic skills needed for knowledge creation: and knowledge sharing is not important to them. In addition, there is no appropriate organizational structure, and there is a lack of knowledge creation culture at the university. There is not enough support from university senior administrators for creating knowledge; there is not enough human resources development system; postgraduate studies have been neglected; there is insufficient communication at national and international levels; the knowledge network has not been designed and deployed;  the interdisciplinary studies have not been carried out as needed; there is inadequate facilities and equipment (hardware and software); sufficient funds are not allocated to the university; and there are no specific policies for effective communication between industry and the university. Finally, the role of knowledge-creation has been neglected in university strategies and policies. These barriers are classified into three categories: organizational, personal, and support factors.

The aim of this study was to examining relationship between Transformational leadership and job involvement employee with intermediation job enthusiasm. Research method was descriptive-correlation with an emphasis on structural equations model. statistical population of the research consists of all staff Social and Behavioral Sciences Faculties of Tehran University (N=350). Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size and 183 individuals were selected as the sample that Their selection was done by proportional stratified method. Data collection based on the three questionnaires of standard Transformational leadership, job involvement and job enthusiasm was performed which their Cronbach's alpha coefficient was Obtain respectively 0.88, 0.87 & 0.76 and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by Supervisor. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS and LISREL. The results showed that status of all three variables is higher level than the hypothetical average. The interrelationship between all three variables, transformational leadership and job enthusiasm and job involvement with each other were positive and significant. As well as the role of mediator of job enthusiasm was confirmed in the relationship between the Transformational leadership and job involvement

The aim of this study was to evaluate job satisfaction of khorramabad city school principals and provide strategies to increase job satisfaction among them. The research method was descriptive - survey and population research consisted principal of public schools in the city of khorramabad in school year93-94 with 364 students And 187 people by using Cochran formula and using relative stratified sampling was selected.To collect the data, self-made questionnaire with 66 items and 9 components as well as an open-response question was used in order to solutions offered,That its validity was confirmed by content validity and Construct validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha 90/0 respectively. Data by using descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics including single-sample T, T-test and ANOVA were analyzed. In addition to access to the strategies of the open questions, The content analysis method was used. The results indicate that job satisfaction is higher than average among the administrators, Elementary school principals as well as job satisfaction more than other periods And more female administrator than men, But differences in job satisfaction among administrators in terms of level of education, years of service and various areas not found.

The purpose of present research was to identify the perceptions and interpretations of experts, managers and students about the quality assurance of how to educate and prepare a student in Farhangian University. For this purpose, qualitative study was conducted with a phenomenological approach. 11 experts, 9 managers and 8 students were selected through purposeful sampling with method of maximal variation. An unstructured interview was used to collect data. After a coding by the researcher, was conducted reliability and validity. The reliability of recoding by the researcher was 0.90. The thematic analysis method was used to identify the topics and quality assurance categories of student-teachers. Finally, 6 factors were identified as perceptions of the quality assurance of student education, which include monitoring and continuous improvement, achieving goals and standards, updating goals and standards, teacher professional competencies, results and accountability.

The present research was conducted to study the relationship between manager’s ethical leadership and organizational silence with the mediating role of organizational justice among University of Tehran's employees. The research method was correlational descriptive with emphasis on structural equations. The population consisted of all employees at University of Tehran in 2015-16 Academic year. According to the latest statistics, there are 1419 (consisting of 801 women and 618 men) employees working at University of Tehran. A sample of 302 individuals was selected by using Cochrane formula and stratified sampling method. Data was collected through a researcher made ethical leadership questionnaire, a researcher made organizational silence questionnaire and Niehoff & Moorman's Organizational Justice Questionnaire (1993). To determine the validity of the questionnaires, content validity and construct validity were used. The reliabilities were estimated through Cronbach’s alpha coefficients (ethical leadership=.92, organizational silence=.79, organizational justice .93). The Kolmogorov - Smirnov, One-sample t test, Pearson correlation and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used to analyze data. The results showed that there was a significant and negative relationship (r= - .56, p≤.01) between the manager's ethical leadership and organizational silence. There was a significant and positive relationship (r=.73, p≤.01) between manager's ethical leadership and organizational justice. There was a significant and negative relationship (r= -.51, p≤.01) between the organizational justice and organizational silence. Organizational justice, in relationship between ethical leadership and organizational silence, played a mediating role.

The purpose of this study was to design a model for faculty development (FD) at the University of Tehran. A mixed exploratory research method was used. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were employed and in the quantitative phase, a descriptive- analytical method was explored. The results of the qualitative phase showed that the FD has five main components including instruction, research, specialized services, personal, and organizational development and 30 indicators. The results of quantitative phase showed that from the perspective of faculty members, the overall FD at the University of Tehran is above average and relatively favorable but the status of its two components, the development of specialized services and organizational development, are below the average.

The present study explored the effect of strategic human resources management on organizational performance with a mediating role of human capital in faculties of physical education and sport sciences of state universities of Tehran. This research was descriptive-causal and the statistical population included all 166 staff and professors of faculties of physical education and sport sciences of state universities in Tehran (affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology) in the academic year 2014-2015. The sample included 126 subjects who were selected by Morgan Table and allocation stratified method proportional to size. Data were collected by the adjusted Strategic Management of Human Resources Questionnaire of Huang and Chang (2005) (α=0.92), Human Capital Questionnaire of Amiri (2012) (α=0.85) and Organizational Performance of Ahmadi (2013) (α=0.94). To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were applied using Lisrel and SPSS. The results suggested that strategic human resources management directly (β=0.59) and indirectly by mediating role of human capital (β=0.22) influenced organizational performance (totally β=0.81). Human capital also influenced organizational performance (β=0.71).

 recently with respect to moral scandals of leaders, discrimination, patronage and issues distortion has been placed in the headlines around the world everywhere; from commercial and government organizations to the church. We tried to investigate and clarify the ethical leadership and its aspects to recognize that kind of leadership.

investigate and clarify the ethical leadership and its dimensions.

The method of the research is descriptive and the type is Survey. The population consisted of all employees in University of Tehran, 1394-95. According to the latest statistics, there are 1419 (consisting of 801 women and 618 men) employees working in University of Tehran. That sample was selected by Stratified sampling and the size of sample was identified based on cochrane formula are 302. Data were collected through ethical leadership questionnaire (Researcher made).Todetermine thevalidity of the questionnaire, content validityandconstructwas used and Their reliability was estimated through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient on Pilot study "0/92".

The results showed that all the components of ethical leadership were above average in all aspects, except for peopel orentation, concern for sustainability, neuroticism, role clarification components that was lower to the average hypothesis of this research. Independent t test results showed that male and female employees' perceptions equal have of moral leadership. also The results of one-way variance test (f) showed the ethical leadership in terms of demographic variables (age, experience-serve, place of employment, education and field of study) there is no difference.theresults of Friedman test showed ethical guidance and role clarification has highest and lowest priority respectly.

According to positive results of ethical leadership for organizations and communities, Administrators need to strengthen this type of leadershipin them.

This study aims to identify job stressors faculty members of Birjand University and its relationship with quality of work life. The research method was descriptive and correlational that Using Cochran's sampling formula that Sample size was determined by actual count, 136 members and simple random sampling was used. Job stress (HSE) questionnaire with reliability (α= 0.90) and quality of work life questionnaire with reliability (α= 0.91) was used to collect data .Data collected by the research questions and using KM test, explorarity factor analysis, correlation analysis, stepwise regression for analysis. Result showed the most important job stressors are demand, officials and support staff, management and relationship. QWL as well as faculty members of Birjand, in the rule of law, fair and adequate pay, Human capabilities development, providing opportunities for continued growth and security, overall living space, workplace safety and health and social integrity. Job stress and QWL(r =-0.33)have a significant inverse relationship and demand (r= -0.35), control (r= -0/30) and Role (r= -0.11) as job stressors have a significant inverse relationship with the quality of work life. Among job stressors, demand and control have a significant multiple correlation with QWL and predicted 0.17% of their change.

The main mission of university depends on academic, social, political, and monetary needs through knowledge creation and then to provide necessary conditions and contexts to knowledge creation through appropriate management. This study aimed to identify related factors associated with knowledge creation at universities via qualitative methodology. The exploratory qualitative research method was used to answer research questions. In order to collect necessary qualitative data, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 informant and experts in the field of knowledge creation. The obtained qualitative data were examined using content analysis. The findings showed that knowledge creation factors were classified in three dimensions of organizational, individual and supporting factors which totally included 19 components. These components were identified in terms of knowledge creation culture, enabling structure, knowledge network, human resource development, sabbatical leaves opportunities, graduate programs, collaborative management, interdisciplinary communications, social capital, creativity, professional ethic, time management skills, motivation, individual learning, teaching responsibilities, basic skills for knowledge creation, hardware and software agents, libraries and laboratories.

In this research the relationship between perception of the classroom environment and students academic adjustment was studied in the faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences in University of Tehran. The research method was descriptive-correlational and study population consisted of all of the students in the faculty (N=6728). Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size. The number of 363 people were selected as the selection method was stratified. Tow questionnaires was used; perception of the classroom environment and the academic adjustment. Content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the experts’ opinions and their reliability was approved by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this article the results showed that there is a considerable positive relation (with the P

This study aimed to explain the role of mental health on academic performance of students with the meditation of academic achievement motivation. The research method was descriptive and the design was correlation of the kind of structural equation modeling. Statistical population was 4020 university students in Birjand University. Through stratified random sampling and cocranꞌs formula، 351 students were selected as the sample. Mental Health Questionnaire (Goldberg، 1972) and Academic Achievement Motivation Questionnaire (Hoseini et al.، 2008/1387s. c.) and academic mean scores were used to collect the data. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between mental health and academic achievement motivation، (P<0. 01)، academic achievement motivation and academic performance (P<0. 01) and depression and academic performance (P<0. 01). Structural equation modeling of mental health، academic achievement motivation and academic performance with respect to fit indices were confirmed and also the results showed that mental health had effect on academic achievement motivation (γ =0. 62). Also، academic achievement motivation was effective on academic performance (β=0. 44). Finally، mental health had effect on students academic performance with the meditation of academic achievement motivation (γ=0. 51).