seyed mohsen mir

Many articles have demonstrated the beneficial impact of core stability training (CST) in lowering the risk of injury while exercising. However, the specific reasons for this effect have not been thoroughly investigated. Based on studies, proprioceptive and dynamic balance improvement positively reduces the risk of sports injuries. So, it is important to explore further the impact of these exercises on the specific factors contributing to reducing the risk of injury during sports activities. 

This research aims to evaluate the impact of 6 weeks of CST and balance training (BT) programs on knee proprioception and dynamic balance in healthy female amateur athletes.

Twenty female soccer players (Mean±SD age: 25.85±3.18 years; Mean±SD body mass index: 22.14±1.11 kg/m2) were divided randomly into the CST and BT groups. Knee proprioception was measured using the joint position sense test (JPST), and dynamic balance was measured using the modified star excursion balance test (mSEB) one week before and immediately after the 6-week intervention.

This study found that both training protocols significantly affected knee proprioception and dynamic balance (P<0.05). CST had a significant difference from BT in the result of the posteromedial direction of the mSEBT and the absolute error of the JPST at 60 degrees. In contrast, BT had a significant difference from CST in improving the anterior direction of mSEBT

The research indicates that CST and BT can enhance dynamic balance and knee proprioception in female soccer players.

The diaphragm muscle constitutes the internal component of the Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip Complex (LPHC), and its stability is suggested to influence lower limb joint function, particularly the alignment of the patellofemoral joint and the tracking path mechanism of the patella.

To compare the endurance of the LPHC and diaphragm contractility in females with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and a healthy control group.

Fifty-six females, including twenty-eight diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome and twenty-eight healthy females matched as controls (aged 15 - 45), were invited to participate in this case-control study. Endurance scores of trunk extensor, flexor, and lateral flexor muscles, endurance ratios, and the percentage of diaphragm muscle contractility using the ultrasonography method were compared between the two groups.

The endurance time of trunk flexors and right and left lateral muscle groups in the PFPS group significantly differed compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Diaphragm contractility in both the right (Mean ± SD: 21.82 ± 3.61; P < 0.001) and left (Mean ± SD: 22.92 ± 2.99; P = 0.007) sides was significantly lower in the PFPS group compared to the control group.

Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip Complex stability and diaphragm respiratory function and contractility were impaired in females with PFPS.

Dynamic management capabilities and organizational readiness are the two fundamental pillars of smart city transformation that enable managers to guide their city towards a development path for a smart city by utilizing opportunities and reconfiguring Organizational resources. In this regard, the current research was conducted with the aim of exploring the role of dynamic management capabilities and organizational readiness in the evolution of smart cities.

The research methodology employed a practical approach for the purpose of collecting quantitative data using a descriptive-analytical type, specifically through the use of structural equation modeling. The data collection tool is a standard survey questionnaire. The statistical population comprises 324 staff members of the Department of Elections of Tehran Municipality, with a sample size of 176 individuals. Data analysis was conducted using Friedman's test and the Partial Least Squares approach (Smartpls).

The results indicate that the average status of variables, including dynamic management capabilities (3.03), organizational readiness (3.36), and smart city (3.31), ranges from 2.51 to 3.5, implying a semi-optimal level. In terms of the ranking of components, the strategic readiness component (8.45) holds the highest importance, whereas the innovation capability component (6.18) holds the least importance. Furthermore, the inferential analysis section indicates that dynamic management capabilities have a direct and significant impact on the smart city at the level of significance coefficient (3.27) and on organizational readiness at the level of significance coefficient (5.69). The effect of dynamic management capabilities on the smart city is also direct and significant with the mediating effect of organizational readiness at the level of significance coefficient (3.68). Moreover, the effect of organizational readiness on the smart city is direct and significant at the level of significance coefficient (5.42.(

Therefore, dynamic management capabilities and organizational readiness are essential foundations for addressing the challenges of smart city transformation.

The study was conducted to compare the immediate effect of high-power pain threshold ultrasound (HPPTUS) and deep transverse friction massage (DTFM) as a traditional technique on the treatment of upper trapezius active myofascial trigger points in male patients with mechanical neck pain.

In this parallel single-blind randomized clinical trial study, 60 men with mechanical neck pain (mean age: 30.57±6.19 years) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly assigned to HPPTUS and DTFM as the control group. A visual analog scale (VAS), pain pressure threshold (PPT), and range of motion (ROM) of cervical lateral flexion (CLF) were assessed before and after treatment.

Analysis of pre- and post-treatment findings showed that the VAS (P<0.01), PPT (P<0.01), and ROM of CLF (P<0.01) improved significantly in both groups while ROM of CLF increased significantly more in the HPPTUS group. An indirect correlation was found between the pre-treatment ROM of CLF and ROM of CLF improvement in both groups. A significant indirect correlation was observed between pre-treatment VAS and ROM of CLF improvement in the HPPTUS group. In the DTFM group a significant indirect correlation was found between pre-treatment ROM of CLF and VAS improvement.

The results showed that HPPTUS can be used as an effective treatment for active trigger points (TP). It seems that this method is more effective than deep transverse friction massage.

This study investigated the effect of change in postural stability after applying static load during internal perturbation among professional athletes with and without anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery.

The participants of the present study were 20 athletes with sixteen months post ACL reconstruction surgery and 20 healthy matched athletes. Each participant performed transitional tasks from double limb stance to single leg stance (SLS) and again to double limb stance on the force plate before and after the application of 10 minutes of constant loading. Area, fore-after range (the meaning of fore-after is anterior-posterior and in articles, this term has been used instead of anterior-posterior) range fore-after (Rfa), range sideway (Rsw), mean velocity (Mv) and confidence ellipse (Ce) of the center of pressure were measured.

Rsw (P=0.009) and area (P=0.009) in response to static loading in the healthy group showed a decrease and an increase of area (P=0.009) in response to static loading in the ACLR group was seen on the double limb stance phase. Mv (P<0.001) and area (P<0.001) were bigger in the ACLR group after static loaded on the integration phase.

Decreased capacity of passive structures to maintain postural stability against perturbation was observed due to positional change among athletes with a history of ACL reconstruction surgery.

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training, in which an inflatable cuff partially occludes blood flow around the proximal portion of a limb, coupled with low-load resistance exercise (LLRE) has resulted in gains comparable with traditional progressive resistive exercise in healthy populations. The use of BFR with LLRE may help people with supraspinatus tendinopathy through proximal effects to improve strength and muscle size. The purpose of this case report is to describe the proximal effect of the LLRE+BFR program on a patient with supraspinatus tendinopathy.

The patient was a 40-year-old man with a history of shoulder pain and weakness for the past months. He received an LLRE+BFR program for his right shoulder including rotator cuff and scapular strengthening exercises and lower limbs aerobic exercises based on protocols of strengthening and aerobic exercises of BFR. Outcomes measured at baseline and 4 weeks included the 4 items: 1) Strength of supraspinatus muscle and four scapular stabilizer muscles including serratus anterior strength, middle trapezius strength, and lower trapezius strength by dynamometer, 2) supraspinatus thickness by ultrasound, 3) pain pressure threshold of supraspinatus and deltoid muscles by algometer, and 4) pain reported bay in each session based on pain numeric scale.

After 6 weeks, the strength of supraspinatus and scapular stabilizers except for the lower trapezius increased. The supraspinatus thickness and pain pressure threshold in the supraspinatus and deltoid muscle also increased after 4 weeks. The mean of pain reported by the patient based on the pain numeric scale before and after each session was also decreased.

The patient had measurable improvements following the use of an LLRE+BFR program. LLRE+BFR program may be an option for strength training in people with supraspinatus tendinopathy; however, more research is needed to determine effectiveness across the population of people with supraspinatus tendinopathy.

Proprioceptive training in the aquatic environment is more beneficial owing to water properties. Theprimary goal of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the incorporation of innovative aquaticproprioceptive training into conventional accelerated land-based rehabilitation protocol in knee function and jointposition sense in male athletes after anterior cruciate ligamen t reconstruction (ACLR). A total of 38 athlete male athletes with ACLR were randomly assigned to two rehabilitation groups. Theconventional therapy group (CT) (n=19) received conventional rehabilitation for 6 weeks, while the hydrotherapygroup (HT) (n=19) received the same conventional rehabilitation, in addition to 12 sessions of innovative aquaticproprioceptive training. The outcomes included the joint position sense (JPS) errors, visual analog scale (VAS), andinternational knee documentation committee (IKDC). Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was usedto compare the means between the two groups. Cohen’s d from an independent t-test was used to calculate theeffect sizes for all variables after the intervention for both gr oups. Base on the results, there were a significant difference in absolute errors (AE) (FAE=56.231, p <0.001)and variable errors (VE) (FVE=60.245, p <0.001) between the two groups. No significant differences were detectedin constant error (CE), VAS, and IKDC between the two groups (P>0.05). Both groups displayed a significantdifference in terms of AE, VE, VAS, and IKDC after the intervention (p <0.05). Percent changes after the interventionfor AE(69.19%), VE (68.20%), CE (65.20%), VAS37.50%, and IKDC (38.61%) were greater in the HT group,compared to the CT group. As evidenced by the obtained results, innovative aquatic proprioceptive training incorporate into theconventional rehabilitation accelerated protocol offers the improvement of proprioception efficiency for individualswith ACL reconstruction. Therefore, it could be useful to clinicians when designing rehabilitation protocol to ensurethe optimal engagement of proprioception.Level of evidence: I

The present study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of two types of Kinesio taping on the temporal and spatial variables of gait initiation in individuals with and without Functional Ankle Instability (FAI).

Thirty semi-professional athletes (15 with and 15 without FAI [control]) were recruited for this study. The gait initiation task was examined before and after the two types of Kinesio taping on a force plate. Temporal (Reaction Phase [RP], Anticipatory Postural Adjustment Phase [APAP]), and spatial variables were recorded and compared between Groups, before and after the tape application.

The results of multiple repeated-measure analyses of variance showed no significant differences for “factor” and “Group by factor” interaction effects for any outcome measure (P>0.05). There were no significant differences for Group effects except for the APAP (F=10.27, P=0.003). The APAA was 71.95 ms longer in the FAI Group (476.95±15.87 ms) compared to the control Group (405.04±15.87 ms).

Kinesio taping application does not influence any of the gait initiation parameters on the force plate. Participants with FAI demonstrated longer APAP which might be due to recurrent injury and instability during sports or physical activity.

The most critical clinical presentation in myofascial pain syndrome is trigger points. Trigger points are the main problem in 30% of the patients presenting to general internal medicine practice. One of the treatments used for trigger points is ultrasound therapy. The high-power pain threshold ultrasound (HPPTUS) technique is one of the therapeutic ultrasound modifications used to treat trigger points. The present randomized clinical trial aimed to investigate the immediate effect of high-power pain threshold ultrasound on treating active trigger points of the upper trapezius muscle in men with mechanical neck pain.

Fourteen men with mechanical neck pain (Mean±SD age: 34.50±5.24 years) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria participated in this study. The visual analog scale (VAS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and range of motion of cervical lateral flexion (CLF) were assessed before and after the treatment. The ultrasound probe was placed on the trigger point. The frequency was set to 1 MHz, and the intensity increased from 0.5 to 2 until the patient reported an unpleasant sensation. The probe was held there for 4 seconds. Then, the intensity was reduced by 50%, and the probe was moved over and around the trigger point. This process was done several times for three minutes.

Analysis of pre-treatment and post-treatment findings showed that the VAS (P<0.001), PPT (P=0.001), and CLF (P<0.001) improved significantly after applying the HPPTUS to trigger points.

Ultrasound significantly improved the muscular symptoms of the trigger points.

 Proprioceptive deficits are one of the most important challenges after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

 The current study aimed to investigate the effects of incorporating innovative land-based proprioceptive training into the conventional accelerated land-based rehabilitation protocol, as compared to the conventional accelerated land-based rehabilitation protocol alone, on knee function and joint position sense in male athletes after ACLR.

 Thirty male athletes with ACLR were randomly assigned to two rehabilitation groups. The conventional therapy (CT) group (n = 15) received conventional rehabilitation for six weeks, and the proprioception training (PT) group (n = 15) received the same conventional rehabilitation in addition to 12 sessions of innovative land-based proprioceptive training. Outcomes included joint position sense (JPS) errors, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

 There were significant differences in absolute errors (AE) (FAE = 56.81, P < 0.001) and variable errors (VE) (FVE = 60.95, P < 0.001) between the two groups. No significant differences were found in constant error (CE), VAS, and IKDC score between the two groups (P > 0.05). Both groups showed significant changes in terms of AE, VE, VAS, and IKDC after the intervention (P < 0.05). Percent changes after the intervention for AE, VE, CE, VAS, and IKDC were greater in the PT group than in the CT group, which were 70.19%, 69.22%, 66.20%, 38.50%, and 39.61%, respectively.

 Innovative land-based proprioceptive training incorporated into the conventional accelerated rehabilitation protocol offers the improvement of proprioception efficiency for individuals with ACL reconstruction, and therefore, it could be useful for clinicians when designing rehabilitation protocols to ensure the optimal engagement of proprioception.

This study aimed to investigate the foot function, range of motion, plantar pressure, and plantar contact area in the distance runners with normal, pronated, highly-pronated, supinated, and highly-supinated foot posture groups during static standing.

In this comparative cross-sectional study, a total of 75 distance runners were divided into 5 groups using the foot posture index. The foot function and knee and foot range of motion were assessed using the Foot And Ankle Ability Measure questionnaire (FAAM) and the goniometer, respectively. The mean of the plantar pressure percentage and the mean of the contact area on the forefoot and rearfoot were investigated during static standing. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the outcomes between the groups.

Among the groups, the normal foot group showed the highest scores in the activities of daily living subscale and sport subscale. Compared with the other groups, the highly-pronated foot group had a significantly greater range of motion in the ankle plantar flexion (P<0.002), and the normal foot group showed more range of motion in the first metatarsophalangeal extension (P<0.0001). In all groups, the mean plantar pressure percentage on the rearfoot was greater than the mean plantar pressure percentage on the forefoot. Of the groups, the highly-supinated foot group showed the highest plantar pressure percentage on the rearfoot (P<0.0001). However, the highly-pronated foot group showed the highest plantar pressure percentage and the largest contact area on the forefoot (P<0.0001) and the rearfoot (P>0.0001), respectively.

Based on the results of this study, the foot posture is an important option that could affect function and range of motion of foot and ankle and distribution of the plantar pressure and plantar contact area.

Voluntary Response Index (VRI) is used as a measure of motor control to study abnormalities of voluntary movements. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of voluntary response index analysis in subjects with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR).

Using surface electromyography, the VRI components of both groups of 15 ACLR and 15 healthy controls were assessed during the functional task (sit-stand-sit). The outcome variables of VRI included the magnitude and similarity index.

In sit to stand phase, high reliability was found (ICC=0.80-0.89) for the magnitude and similarity index in both groups. In the standing phase, high to very high reliability was found for the magnitude and similarity index in both groups (ICC=0.75-0.91). In stand to sit phase, high to very high reliability was found (ICC=0.78-0.92) for the magnitude and similarity index in both groups.

Surface electromyographic measurements of VRI analysis demonstrated high to very high reliability in athletes with ACLR during the functional task (sit-stand-sit). The results of the current study showed that the VRI analysis in athletes after ACLR was a reliable method and can be used to evaluate motor control before and after ligament injury in these patients.

The use of High Power Laser (HPL) has recently been emphasized in physiotherapy. Previous studies suggest that the prophylactic use of laser has ergogenic effects on athletic performance by increasing the contractile function of skeletal muscles. Recently, muscle function improvement is a new research idea in the field of laser therapy. Based on our knowledge, there are only two studies on the effects of HPL on muscle performance although with contradictory results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of HPL on quadriceps muscle performance in male football players.

Sixteen healthy male football players (Mean±SD age=18.53±7.2 years, Mean±SD body mass index=22.8±4.4 kg/m2) participated in a pretest-posttest study. The subjects received one session of HPL (808 nm, 80 j, 2 w) on quadriceps muscles. The Isometric Peak Torque (IPT), Single-Leg Hop Test (SLHT), and Y-balance Test (YBT) were measured at baseline and immediately after HPL. For statistical analysis, we used the paired sample t test.

Immediately after HPL, the IPT (P=0.001), SLHT (P=0.02), and YBT scores (P=0.001) significantly increased.

The results of our study showed that immediate application of one session of HPL can improve IPT as well as functional tests. Although the sessions of laser application and assessment were limited and the sample size was small, it seems that HPL could improve muscle performance. Therefore, further research is warranted with large sample size and follow-up.

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) refers to the skeletal muscle pain that follows the novel eccentric exercise. Although this condition is self-limiting, it can temporarily affect the function and interrupt training. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of Kinesio tape on pain intensity, range of motion, and function during delayed onset muscle soreness in the amateur hamstring muscles.

This study is a clinical trial conducted on 32 untrained individuals with a Mean±SD age of 24.16±3.049 years. At first, the participants were assessed with an active knee extension range of motion, distance in triple hop test, pressure-induced pain, and overall pain before Kinesio tape intervention, and then Kinesio tape intervention was applied to the hamstrings from origin to insertion (proximal to distal) in a Y shape with a tension of approximately 30%. The study variables were evaluated again 24, 48, and 72 hours after the intervention (4 times totally)

Kinesio tape could significantly reduce pain intensity 24 hours and 48 hours after the intervention compared to before the intervention (P<0.05). Also, Kinesio tape intervention increases the range of motion of active knee extension in the first 24 hours compared to before the intervention (P=0.0.4). Besides, the effect of using Kinesio tape intervention on the variable of the triple hop test was significant 24 and 48 hours after the intervention compared to before the intervention (P<0.05). Kinesio tape increase in the threshold of compressive pain after the intervention was not significantly different from before the intervention (P>0.05).

According to the present study results, the Kinesio tape possibly reduced DOMS-induced parameters like pain, range of motion limitations, and function, but it had no significant advantage in other DOMS-induced parameters like pressure pain threshold. Kinesio tape application before exercise or competition should be considered by exercise trainers and athletes. Future studies may evaluate different strategies or therapeutic applications to prevent and manage DOMS.

The urban landscape is the totality of the mind, the interaction between man and the environment, and the mental image remains in the human mind. Urban landscape is a phenomenon that is revealed only through human experience in the interaction between man and the environment. Due to the importance of urban landscape, the purpose of this article is to analyze the visual-spatial quality of urban landscape over time in District 8 of Tehran.

This research is a content analysis that has been done by exploratory method. The data used by the municipality of the study area have been provided. In order to achieve the research indicators, first the spatial analysis indicators and then the visual quality indicators for District 8 of District 1 of Tehran have been studied. Indicators are recorded based on the assessment of the perceptual approach based on the observer's view (scenes and places) with the camera (on routes in the study area).

According to the obtained results, it can be noted that in each of the factors studied in the study area, one of the criteria in the form of the concept of time dimension, is more prominent. So that sometimes man-made factors dominate the environment more, and sometimes the natural factors of the environment with the presence of man-made factors have a more prominent presence in the environment.

In the evaluation of the present study, the studied paths in visual quality, path number 2 is more important, which requires planning and codified design to be able to revive the identifying elements of the area. Depending on the spatial characteristics of the study area, consecutive and related views lead to the creation of many three-dimensional values. These consecutive views, by moving from one direction to another, create a strong emphasis and impression on the observer.

Patients with ACL reconstruction often return back to activity with diminished quadriceps activity and strength. (Patients suffering from ACL can be often rehabilitated with the help of ACL reconstruction, although quadriceps strength and muscle activity might be weak or limited after the surgery.)The present study aimed to compare the effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) and Biofeedback Electromyography (B-EMG) on improvement in quadriceps strength and mean value of VMO activation pattern (MVVA) among patients with reconstruction of ACL.

The study was designed as a randomized control trial. 102 patients, who filled a demographic questionnaire relating to important factors mainly age, height, and weight before the intervention, (all sportsmen) were randomly divided into four groups known as, FES (n=21), TENS (n=21), B-EMG (n=22) and control (n=38). In this study, hand-held dynamometry and biofeedback electromyography were used to assess Quadriceps strength and MVVA respectively. All samples were evaluated at three different time intervals, including prior to the, after and 4 weeks after the treatment. Additionally, all four groups received Ice pack around the knee and Michle Duck exercise therapy protocol. The treatments provided totally lasted 3 to 5 weeks. The participants in 4 groups received TENS, FES and B-EMG as their main treatments 5 times a week for 45, 15 and 15 minutes successively.

The mean scores of MVVA and quadriceps strength after the intervention and after the follow-up increased significantly in all four groups. However the effect of FES on MVVA in comparison with TENS and control group was statistically meaningful in favor of FES group. (As instructed here the last sentence omitted)

TENS, FES and B-EMG in combination with cryotherapy and exercise as well as cryotherapy with exercise can reduce VMO inhibition and improve quadriceps strength in patients who undergo ACL reconstruction. However FES in combination with cryotherapy and exercise can be the most effective one.

Compared with professionals and semi-professionals, amateur athletes need more strengthening modalities due to their lower muscle strength, as well as limited facilities and time. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a sensory-targeted modality traditionally used to treat pain, but it is also one of the most successful methods for increasing muscle activation level, too.

A total of 30 sportswomen in basketball, volleyball, futsal, football, and taekwondo with the Mean±SD age of 23.5±3.6 years were randomly divided into two groups: intervention (n=15) and control (n=15). In the intervention group, a single session of TENS with a frequency of 150 Hz and pulse duration of 150 µs was applied for 20 minutes. The control group received placebo TENS. Isokinetic dynamometer and vertical jump test were used to assess quadriceps activation and strength. All samples were evaluated at three different time intervals: before, immediately after, and 30 minutes after the intervention.

The mean maximal voluntary isometric contraction, central activation ratio, and height of jumping in the TENS and control group were not significantly different immediately and 30 minutes after the intervention (P>0.05).

According to this study, a single session of TENS cannot immediately improve quadriceps activation and strength in amateur female athletes.

Plantar fasciitis (PF) is an overuse syndrome as it develops over time. It is most frequently seen in both the non-athletic and athletic populations. PF is a multifactorial and self-limiting disorder that several factors are involved in its onset. Many well-established treatments are available for plantar heel pain. The purpose of this review is to determine the effectiveness of dry needling for the management of PF.

This article is a review study, in which we present the studies that compare dry needling with other treatments for the management of plantar heel pain. We included all of the studies on patients with plantar heel pain and plantar fasciitis that investigated the effects of dry needling. Finally, seven articles were included in this review. The study designs were randomized controlled, quasi-experimental, and case-control. The Physiotherapy Evidence-based Database (PED) scale was used to measure the methodological quality of the studies.

The PEDro scoring of the articles ranged between 2.10-7.10. The results of this review show that dry needling may be useful in improving the pain of individuals with plantar heel pain and plantar fasciitis.

Further high-quality research studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of dry needling in the management of plantar heel pain. Because a variety of protocol treatments of dry needling were used in the studies, we cannot recommend dry needling schedule prescriptions for the management of individuals with plantar heel pain and plantar fasciitis.

Previous studies showed that Whole Body Vibration (WBV) is an effective modality for strength and power. WBV has many usages in training and rehabilitation. Core muscles have the central role in the stability of the spine and our daily activity; so, strengthening core muscles is essential. This study aimed to investigate the immediate effect of WBV on strength, endurance, and performance of core muscles in young, healthy females.

This study was a quasi-experimental interventional study. Twelve young, healthy females (18-28 years old) participated in this study; they received WBV in semi-squat position 5 times in 60 seconds separated by 30-second rest. The parameters of WBV included the frequency of 30Hz and an amplitude of 4mm. The tests used for the evaluation of core stability included Vertical Jump (VJ), pressure biofeedback, front abdominal power, trunk extensor endurance, and trunk flexor endurance tests. The tests were performed before, immediately after, and 30 minutes after the intervention.

According to the results, the trunk extensor endurance test, front abdominal power test, and pressure biofeedback had a significant effect (P<0.05). However, no change was observed in the trunk flexor endurance test and VJ test (P>0.05).

This study indicated that WBV could be useful in core stability, specifically for trunk extensor endurance, lumbar strength, and front abdominal power. More studies are required to prove the effect of WBV on VJ and trunk flexor endurance.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common and most well-known compression neuropathy which may manifest as mild, moderate, or severe and lead to various degrees of disability in people. The present study aimed to compare the effect of high-power diode laser beam and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) separately and in combination on improvement of wrist pain and function in patients with CTS.

Method and Materials: 

The study was designed as a randomized trial. A total of 45 patients (7 men and 38 women) were randomly divided into three groups of high-power laser (n=15), TENS (n=15), and high-power laser with TENS (n=15). The TENS group received conventional TENS on pain site for two weeks as 5 sessions per week and 30 minutes per session. The high-power laser group received 6.5 J/cm2 laser for two weeks, 5 sessions per week. The group of high-power laser with TENS received conventional TENS and then 6.5 J/cm2 laser for two weeks as 5 sessions per week and 30 minutes per session. The Persian McGill Pain Questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the 5-point scale of pain severity of McGill Pain Questionnaire (pain severity) were used to assess pain and the Persian version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was administered to evaluate hand function before and after treatment. All the patients filled a demographic questionnaire including age, height, and weight prior to the intervention.

The mean scores of McGill, VAS, pain severity, and DASH questionnaires reduced significantly in high-power laser and high-power laser with TENS groups; however, these variables had no significant difference in the TENS group.

High-power laser diode (808 nm, 6.5 j/cm2) can reduce pain and improve hand function in patients with mild to moderate CTS. Laser-induced anti-inflammatory effects and blood flow improvement are possible causes of decreased pain and sensory signs followed by improvement in hand function.

Information is one of the most important organizational resources and after human factor is considered to be the most important source of management. The management information system is an organized system that provides accurate information to the organization's decision-makers in a timely manner, and provides correct decision for decision-makers of organizations. Due to the various types of cultural activities, cultural services, and cultural information that is provided daily in the country, we need organizations or departments for the maintenance and management of cultural documents in accordance with professional standards. Cultural information management is prerequisite for cultural engineering.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cultural information management role in Tehran municipality on four dimensions, namely, information identification, organization and storage of information, dissemination and application of information, and documentation of information.

After preparing and editing the questionnaire, 120 people were randomly selected from cultural managers of Tehran municipality. Questionnaires were distributed among them.Data analysis was done using SPSS software.

The results of this study showed that cultural information management is effective in all aspects of cultural management of Tehran municipality (P <0.05) and the dominant response to all of them is "high". Organizing and storing information with a mean of 2.67 is in the first place and has the most impact.  Also, the average of responses to each of the four dimensions is ˷4 (medium).

In this study, the information and storage of information in the Tehran municipality is of the highest importance, and it seems that the establishment of a suitable database in organizing and storing information has a significant impact.

This research is objective and applied research and in terms of data type, compilation (quantitative and qualitative), and as a method of data collection, a descriptive survey type. The statistical population of this study is all the experts in the field of cultural management and information management, especially in the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, of which 30 were targeted as a statistical sample. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. The main dimensions and elements of cultural information management based on library studies and theoretical foundations (theories, methods and models) and the study of the history of research in Iran and the world in 4 dimensions and 23 components (6 components of identification, 5 components of documentation, 6 components of organization And storage, and 6 diffusion and application components) were extracted and provided to the respondents for confirmation. The results of factor analysis in all cases confirmed the extracted components based on the theoretical foundations and the literature of the research. Due to the high load factor of 23 components of cultural information management from 0.4, all of these components are used in the final model

Sports injuries of the knee joint are very common. There are both contact injuries and non-contact injuries. Contractile injuries may be due to an impairment of the knee joint position sense or a decrease of the quadriceps muscle strength. Using a Kinesio taping method may decrease this impairment. The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of direction and tension of Kinesio taping of the quadriceps muscle on repositioning sense of the knee joint and maximum concentric and eccentric torque of the knee extensors.
Twenty-one recreationally active healthy males, determined by convenient non-probability sampling method, participated in this quazi-experimental study. The tests were performed in biomechanics laboratory of School of Rehabilitation of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, between July to November 2017. They visited biomechanics laboratory 5 sessions. The first session was for familiarization with the main tests and signing an informed consent form. For 2 through 5 sessions, one of each Kinesio tape tension approaches of 100, 115 and 140 percent (origin to insertion direction) and 100 percent (insertion to origin direction) was randomly applied on the quadriceps muscle. Active and passive repositioning sense of the knee joint at 60-degree flexion and maximum concentric and eccentric torque of the knee extensors of the dominant extremity before and after Kinesio taping were measured using a Biodex System 3 isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex Medical Systems, Shirley, NY, USA). Order of measuring active and passive repositioning sense and maximum concentric and eccentric torque of the knee extensors were randomly selected.
Origin to insertion Kinesio taping method with tension of 100, 115 and 140 percent significantly decreased means of active and passive repositioning sense errors (P 0.05).
According to the results, Kinesio taping could influence on repositioning sense of the knee joint at 60-degree knee flexion. Maximum concentric and eccentric extensor torques was also increased.

The present study aimed to determine the immediate effects of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) on Rounded Shoulder Posture (RSP) in healthy women.
Thirty female students aged between 18 to 30 years with RSP participated in this study. First, the examiner measured the RSP (in supine position), Pectoralis Minor Length (PML) and Total Scapular Distance (TSD). Then, the subjects performed 5 sets of 1-min WBV (frequency=30 Hz, amplitude=5 mm) with 1 min rest between each set. After intervention, the examiner immediately measured the above mentioned variables. The paired t test was used for data analysis.
The analysis showed that WBV significantly decreased the supine measurement of RSP (P It seems that WBV had immediate effect on postural correction of rounded shoulder posture in the study subjects.

Knee joint has the highest percentage of injuries among lower extremity joints especially in athletes and people with high activity levels. Therefore, analyzing of knee movements has an important area of research in the bioengineering and rehabilitation fields. Sharif human movement instrumentation system (SHARIF-HMIS) is a new inertial sensor designed for movement analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of knee kinematic parameters using SHARIF-HMIS.
Material and A total of 25 healthy male subjects (aged 18-28 years) participated in this study. SHARIF-HMIS sensors were fixed with straps on dominant leg of the participants. Thereafter, they performed double leg drop jump landing from a box with a height of 30 cm. Linear acceleration and angular velocity were analyzed in initial contact phase. The test was performed 3 times at an interval of 1 hour. To assess the intra-rater reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated.
ICC in X, Y and Z planes was 0.99, 0.80 and 0.97 for linear acceleration and 0.50, 0.79 and 0.74 for angular velocity, respectively. Furthermore, the SEM in X, Y and Z planes were 0.03, 0.19 and 0.14 for linear acceleration and 0.007, 0.009 and 0.01 for angular velocity, respectively.
This study showed good test-retest reliability of knee kinematic parameters during double leg drop jump landing. Hence, the use of SHARIF-HMIS as a new and portable device is suggested for assessing knee joint movements.