seyed morteza javadirad

Endometrial carcinoma is the second most common neoplasm in women, and understanding the genes involved in its occurrence can help in understanding the disease behavior and, ultimately, in treating it.

There were 35 samples of frozen endometrial carcinoma tissues and 24 samples of normal endometrium adjacent to the tumors. Cell total RNA was extracted, followed by DNaseI enzyme treatment. Using random hexamers cDNA was synthesized. We measured PSMB9 gene expression by RT-qPCR using exon junction-specific primers. The statistical analysis was performed using REST2009 software.

The observation of two ribosomal RNA bands showed that RNA was not broken during extraction. The appropriate concentration of extracted RNA was in the appropriate range for cDNA. Examination of the melting curve showed that specific amplification of the PSMB9 gene was performed. The difference in PSMB9 mRNA expression between endometrial carcinoma tissue and adjacent normal tissue was 0.266 units. This was considered significant according to a P of 0.008.

There was a decrease in PSMB9 gene expression in endometrial carcinoma tissues compared with normal endometrial tissues adjacent to the tumor. The fact that PSMB9 expression has decreased may indicate that the gene has tumor suppressor functions.

 Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and women are almost three times more likely to develop it than men.

 The etiology of thyroid cancer at the genetic level remains elusive. However, a potential involvement of the RNA Transcription, Translation, and Transport Factor (RTRAF) gene in the pathogenesis of this malignancy has been postulated. This gene has been shown to govern the expression of proteins that exert regulatory effects on the transition from the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle.

 For this study, 22 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues and 22 healthy tissues were collected. Additionally, 10 benign goiter tissues and 10 healthy tissues were gathered. RNA molecules were fixed, and complementary DNA (cDNA) was produced. Specific primers were used to measure the RTRAF gene expression. Statistical analysis was conducted using REST 2009 software.

 Upon assessing the quality and quantity of RNA, it was ascertained that the extracted RNA molecules exhibited minimal damage and were found to be appropriately concentrated for cDNA production. The amplification of the RTRAF gene was carried out accurately, as evidenced by the melting curve. A noteworthy decline in the RTRAF gene expression was detected in the benign goiter tissue compared to the adjacent healthy tissue, with a relative expression of 0.154 and a statistical value of P = 0.002. Conversely, there was no significant difference in the RTRAF gene expression between PTC and the adjacent healthy tissue, with a P-value of 0.808.

 The reduced RTRAF gene expression in benign thyroid tumors may hinder cancer cell growth, as no difference was observed between malignant PTC tumor tissues and their healthy tissues.

Some previous human and animal studies have supported the idea that KDM3A down-regulation might be the main cause of male infertility, especially in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). The regulatory role of micro-RNAs (miRNA) has been investigated in the development of male infertility.

The expression level of hsa-miR-30a-5p in azoospermia was evaluated to reveal its possible association with the etiology of male infertility.

In this case-control study, 30 men with azoospermia (19 of whom had NOA) were selected as the case individuals, and 11 men with obstructive azoospermia (OA) were selected as control individuals. The best miRNA with the strongest ability to target the KDM3A gene was detected via comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the expression level of hsa-miR-30a-5p. After analyzing the data, the expression level of hsa-miR-30a-5p was compared between men with NOA and men with OA.

The findings supported the idea that hsa-miR-30a-5p is the miRNA with the best ability to target the KDM3A transcript. The expression analysis of hsa-miR-30a-5p indicated a significant overexpression (p = 0.04) in men with NOA compared to in men with OA.

Hsa-miR-30a-5p was overexpressed in men with NOA compared to in control individuals. Hsa-miR-30a-5p could target the KDM3A transcript and may suppress its expression.

Thyroid cancer is a common cancer of the endocrine system, and knowing the etiology can be effective in its treating. On the other hand, the FNA technique is not accurate enough, so finding a biomarker for thyroid cancer is of importance. This study was done to evaluate the NKX2-1 gene as indicator of differentiation of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

In this case-control study, 17 fresh PTC tissue samples and 20 adjacent-healthy tissues were collected during thyroidectomy in Isfahan, Iran. RNA extraction was followed by cDNA synthesis. The expression of the NKX2-1 gene was performed using specific primers (exon-junction and intron spanning) using the RT-qPCR method.

An examination of the quality and quantity of extracted RNAs showed that they were intact and suitable for making cDNA. Examination of the melting curve showed a specific amplification of the NKX2-1 gene. The difference in expression of the NKX2-1 gene between PTC and healthy-adjacent tissues was 0.947.

No difference in the expression of the NKX2-1 gene between the healthy tissue adjacent to the tumor and the tissue of the PTC tumor indicates that the PTC tumors were differentiated.

The role of KDM3A and its downstream genes in male fertility has been approved in animal models. Additionally, the expression shrinkage of KDM3A is significantly correlated with human azoospermia phenotype. Aberrant expression of micro-RNAs could mislead spermatogenesis and mostly lead to diverse phenotypes of male infertility.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression level of hsa-miR-27a-3p in azoospermic men to reveal its possible association with infertility.

This case-control study was conducted on 30 azoospermic men, of whom, 19 had non obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and 11 obstructive azoospermia (OA) according to the pathological examinations. Comprehensive bioinformatics investigations were performed securely and hsa-miR-27a-3p was selected afterward. Reverse Transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method was used and statistical analysis was performed to compare the expression level of hsa-miR-27a-3p in both OA and NOA individuals.

In silico analysis suggested hsa-miR-27a-3p, with its potential binding ability to target KDM3A transcripts. The expression analysis of candidate hsa-miR-27a-3p indicated its significant overexpression in NOA men.

The hsa-miR-27a-3p was overexpressed in NOA men compared to OA-control individuals. As a consequence, the overexpressed micro-RNA could downregulate directly KDM3A and indirectly TNP1 and PRM1. Therefore, spermatogenesis could be misled and male infertility could be developed.