shahab ilka

Metasurface architecture" is considered a type of metaspatial architecture that is formed in harmony with the principles of morphology and is based on the organization and processing of information with the use of algorithms and genetic codes, and allows for metamorphosis and transformation in conventional architectural forms. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by persistent or recurrent psychotic episodes. The main symptoms include hallucinations (often auditory hallucinations), delusions, and thought disorders. Other symptoms include social withdrawal, reduced emotional expression, and indifference, which this article has sought to demonstrate in design through the ideas of Gilles Deleuze. The research method of the present article was descriptive and metaanalytic. The research findings show that hyperspace architectural approaches create floating, fluid, and resuspended spaces with aesthetic connotations of metamorphosis that carry a kind of schizophrenic structure. Spatial products of hyperspace architectural types, cyber architecture, virtual architecture, digital architecture, fractal architecture, and quantum architecture, do not have a logical and predictable approach and are based on the basic elements of architecture, namely the structure of the environment and efficiency, but rather represent the transformation and metamorphosis of culture and the flow of the information and digital revolution that utilizes metasurfaces.

The idea of paying attention to nature as a yardstick implies comparing the performance of our designs with nature. If nature is considered as a measure, the principles found in nature can be used to evaluate the harmony and appropriateness of one's designs in the existing conditions. Therefore, today the relationship between biomimetic as a design strategy and architectural shell as a construction technique has been proposed. Both of these strategies can be implemented in the building design process to develop more sustainable projects. The findings of this research have suggested that it is expected to be considered as a model for the future generations of architects so that they implement these strategies and methods in their design process. Natural organisms are always faced with changes that they respond to through adaptations that enable them to better adapt to survive and reproduce in their environment. With these strategies, they always keep their fitness state stable. In this context, the idea of creating proportion in architecture should be shown in the design of building shells to use nature as a measure to evaluate the efficiency of its buildings.

The aim of this study was to compare corticosteroid injection and corticosteroid injection with needle release (Pie-crusting) method in the treatment of plantar fasciitis in patients with heel pain.

The present study is a randomized clinical trial. The study population included patients with heel pain who had referred to a teaching center with plantar fasciitis for treatment during the years 2020-2019. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: corticosteroid injection and corticosteroid injection plus Pie-crusting method. The patients were visited again in the third (T1), sixth (T2), twelfth (T3) and twenty-fourth (T4) weeks post treatment, and the severity of pain and ankle and foot score (AOFAS) were determined at each visit. The data of this study were analyzed with SPSSv.24 software.

89 patients (46 in steroid injection group and 43 in "pie-crusting" group) were examined. Patients in the two groups were similar in terms of age, sex and body mass index. The two groups showed a significant difference in terms of VAS of pain only in the T4. The AOFAS in the T2 (p=0.039), in the T3 (p>0.001), in the T4 (p>0.001) statistically significant differences were reported. Comparing the angle of inclination of the calcaneus, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the T4.

The results of this research showed good results in use of combination of corticosteroid therapy and "pie-crusting surgery" for plantar fasciitis.

"Biomechanics" is the use of mechanical principles in biological systems such as humans, animals, plants, organs, and cells. The term biomechanics was developed at the beginning of the 1970s, which describes the use of mechanical engineering in biological and medical engineering systems and is currently being used in architecture. The movements and biomechanics of plants can inspire flexible systems for architectural purposes, which can be recognized as ideal solutions with robust biological functionality with delicate natural movement. In this article, a brief overview of the different adaptive mechanisms available in techniques and in plants is presented and then described. In this research, the relationship between architecture and plant biomechanics between biologists, architects, and civil engineers, where there were aesthetic movements or patterns inspired by plants, was analyzed and used in biological technical structures for sustainable architecture. Has been taken The research method is "descriptive-analytical" and the computer simulation and analysis method of carnivorous plants, and here Venus flies. The results of the research are movement principles obtained from quantitative biomechanical and functional-morphological analyses, as well as their simulation and abstraction using the example of finite element methods, and at the end, a type of plant modeling Reference is made.

One of the effects of modernity and urban development in the last century has been excessive pressure on natural resources and destruction of the urban environment, which with the consequences of increasing poverty, unemployment, environmental disasters, lack of human participation in development decisions, To solve these consequences, the concept of sustainable development was proposed by experts and theorists of development at the world level, which has become the basis of an approach called biophilic city. The research method of the present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of the research method and it was conducted based on field observation and questioning of 150 experts of the municipality. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through the elite society. Due to the need to pay attention to the reliability of the analyzes in the questionnaire, the value of this index was calculated using Cronbach's alpha statistic, which is greater than 0.80 and equal to 0.85, which is acceptable. The findings of the research suggest that in the development documents of the city of Tehran, the biophilic urbanism model should be emphasized in order to improve the quality of the urban environment, and in order to unify the architectural model of this city, in addition to emphasizing the use of local and compatible models, the architectural model Biophilic is also used and emphasized.

The issue of providing housing for low-income groups has been considered not only in Iran but also in many countries of the world, and so far various policies have been considered and implemented to provide housing for low-income groups. Smart city as a solution mainly to improve urban policy, security, development and governance by using information and communication technology advances to recreate human capital, creativity, innovation, education, participation, sustainable development and Management knows. The main goal of this research is to investigate the smart environment in Mehr Housing residential complexes in the country, therefore, it has been done to identify the areas and challenges facing the non-realization of the smart environment in Mehr Housing. The research method is using the qualitative method and using the systematic approach of "foundational data theory" (Strauss-Corbin approach) and the statistical population is 60 expert experts of Tehran municipality, which is using targeted sampling until saturation is reached. A comment has been made. The findings of the research have shown that providing an integrated management in Mehr residential complexes in Tehran and its surroundings and considering the many stakeholders and actors involved in this process with respect to the environment and the urban nature of the housing context Finally, by improving the level of institutional capacity, the field of interaction and appropriate communication of these stakeholders and activists with the aim of achieving a creative environment that uses the intellectual, social and collective intelligence of its institutions and material infrastructures to deal with A wide range of problems and challenges are properly exploited, provided that all of them are in the balance of the relationship with nature and the environment around the residential areas of Mehr in Iran.

Referring to the concept of identity indicates historical continuity, but on the other hand, we should not ignore the fact that identity is constantly subject to the process of redefinition and reproduction. Therefore, is important in the formation of any identity, it is the nature of native identity, and in the meantime, the role of natural elements is important in the formation of native identity. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of natural factors on place identity. The research method is a survey, for this purpose, a questionnaire has been prepared, in which the impact of natural elements has been measured in Oramanat landscape. The measurement tool is a researcher-made questionnaire, whose reliability index has been checked by "Cronbach's alpha" statistic. The findings of the research show that the results of this research showed that there is a significant relationship between natural factors and place identity in Oramanat city and natural elements have an important role in creating the landscape identity of Oramanat city as one of the newly built cities of the foothills and to increase the identity, it is necessary to be inspired and properly exploited from them.

 The purpose of this study was to investigate possible correlation between vitamin D in 13-36 month old children with tibial bone fracture.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on children aged 18 to 36 months who referred to a medical center in South-East of Iran with tibial fracture. All the demographic information was collected and vitamin-D levels were measured and statistically analyzed.

 A total of 30 children were included in the study, and the mean vitamin D level in these subjects was 31.6±6.1. This study showed no significant relationship between low vitamin D levels with increase in the risk of tibia fracture in children who had recently started walking.

 The present study revealed a significant association between vitamin D level and its deficiency with an elevated risk of tibia bone fracture in toddlers between 18-36 months.

Following bone trauma, several factors participate in making a balance between the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) molecules play critical roles in the healing process via regulation of osteoclasts function. Turmeric is suggested to have an anti-osteogenic potential; however, its effect on accelerating bone healing has not been adequately studied. Here, we used a rat model of femur fracture to explore the effect of treatment with turmeric extract on the bone repair and the expression of RANK, RANKL, and OPG molecules.

Eight rats were subjected to surgery, randomly divided into two groups, and treated orally with turmeric (200 mg/kg), or olive oil. Four oil-treated rats without bone fracture were used as control group. After six weeks of treatment, the femurs of animals were examined for radiological, histological, and gene expression analysis.

X-ray radiography showed thicker callus and a more obscure fracture line in the turmeric group. Furthermore, higher osteoblast percentages but no osteoclasts were observed in turmeric-treated animals, representing better repair of bone in the fracture site. Also, real-time analyses showed that treatment with turmeric reduced RANK and RANKL expression (p <0.0001) and lowered RANKL/OPG ratio (p=0.01) in femoral bone tissue.

Our findings indicated the turmeric ability to facilitate bone hemostasis and optimize the expression of key markers involved in the bone metabolism.

The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the accuracy of pedicular screw insertion withoutthe use of fluoroscopy. This study was conducted on patients with spinal diseases in need of pedicular screw fixation and fusion.The included patients suffered from such conditions as vertebral fracture, spinal stenosis, kyphosis, tumor, and pelvicfractures and were managed with triangular osteosynthesis fixation. However, those with scoliosis deformity wereexcluded from the study. A total of 760 pedicular screws were inserted in C7 to S1 vertebrae without using fluoroscopy.The locations of the screws were assessed by means of computed tomography scan after the surgery. The data wereanalyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using the Chi-square test. Out of 387 thoracic screws and 373 lumbar screws, 65 (16.8%) and 34 (9.1%) screws perforated the pediclewall or vertebral body, respectively. The most frequent locations of perforation in the thoracic and lumbar spine werethe anterior cortex of the vertebral body and medial wall of the pedicle, respectively. Except for the perforation of theanterior vertebral body (P=0.0001), there was no difference between the left and right sides or between thoracic andlumbar sites in terms of the preformation of the screw. No complication was observed due to screw perforation. Our findings revealed the unnecessity of using fluoroscopy in spine surgeries for the insertion of pediculatescrews. In this regard, the use of fluoroscopy for the placement of pedicular screw resulted in similar accuracy andcomplications, as compared to the free hand procedure.Level of evidence: I

This research focuses on the analysis of creativity in the process of architectural design works of the Islamic revolution in Iran. The research methodology is “descriptive-analytic” in the stage of theoretical literature and “content analysis” in the operational stage. The statistical population is composed of four architectural works chosen from “Memar” award winning architectural works in 2001-2017 based on the indices derived from theoretical foundations, i.e. “a. value exhibition, b. creation of ambiguity, c. creation of tension, d. form transformability and deconstruction, e. use of tangible and intangible metaphors, and f. use of paradox and metaphysics”. This study tries to evaluate the creativity indices in the selected samples and seeks to see whether there is any significant relationship between the indices of creativity and the effectiveness of the works and the process of their selection as the superior sample. At the end, the analyses suggest that there is no significant relationship between the effectiveness of these indices in the totality of works and the process of selection as creative works; it seems that the referees of the competition did not have any unique procedure for their selection. Moreover, it is concluded that the ambiguity in the process of design has been against the creation of value; because the effects with higher mean marks in value exhibition, contradiction, order and chaos, fullness and emptiness, lightness and heaviness, natural and artificial, new and old offer lower marks in “creation of ambiguity”. Paradox and metaphysics were of the highest degrees and the factor of “new and old” had the lowest ranks. Given the types of architectural styles of revolution, in terms of form, modern materials and technologies, unique examples of creativity have taken form proportionate to the growth of technology and the relationship of the context and background of the monument.

With the progression of aging process, the degenerative process affect all organs throughout the body, including the intervertebral discs. The degeneration of intervertebral discs is the most important etiology for the back pain in human. Hence, having the knowledge of alterations in biomechanics of this structure due to the degeneration is of special importance.
In this cross sectional study all patients referred to the Spinal Cord Clinic of Bahonar hospital (Kerman, Iran) because of their back pain were participated. The upright anteroposterior and lateral flexion-extension radiographs and MRI of the spine have been ordered for the diagnosis and treatment of the patients with back pain. The sagital translation and rotation and also anterior and posterior disc height in different grades of degenerations was analyzed.
The severity of the intervertebral disc degeneration has direct relation to aging. Anterior and posterior disc height was decreased with the progression of the degeneration. Translation and rotation in the sagital plane were decreased along with the progression of the grade of the degeneration and in direct relation to the posterior disc height.
The degeneration trend is progressing with the advancement of aging and the disc space is decreasing along with the severity of degeneration, followed by a reduction in the translational and rotational movements of the spinal segments, so the grade 3 degeneration has been assumed to be equivalent to the stabilization phase of the motion segment.

CT scan is one of the routine modalities in diagnosis of the pelvic fractures. An unanswered question is if CT scan can alter treatment plane of these fractures?
At first, radiographs of 100 patients with fracture of the pelvic ring were evaluated by one surgeon and type of the fracture according to Young and Burgess classification and treatment plane (surgical or non-surgical) were identified. Then 3 months later the same radiographs with CT scans were evaluated by the same surgeon and type and plane of treatment were determined again and Results were analyzed with SPSS 22.
Fractures of the pubic rami were the most common injury in radiography and CT scan. The least common injury in radiography was fracture of the ilium but in radiography and CT scan was diastasis of symphysis pubis. CT scan was more accurate than radiography in diagnosis of the sacral fractures and crescent fractures of the ilium (p=0.000) but there was no significant difference in classification of fractures. Non-surgical treatment was suggested for 63 patients and surgical for 37 patients according to radiography and with adding of the CT scan, non-surgical treatment was suggesting for 69 and surgical for 31 patients and this difference was not significant again.
Although CT scan gives more accuracy in diagnosis of the fracture lines, it cannot alter plane of the treatment.

Frozen shoulder is a common condition, characterized by pain and restriction in shoulder movements. Different non-surgical and surgical methods are used to overcome this condition. Given the high prevalence of frozen shoulder among the working class in communities, re-empowerment is essential for individuals to return to their daily activities. Considering the contradictory results reported by previous research, further investigations are required in this area. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical findings of arthroscopic release in treatment of primary frozen shoulder.
This cross-sectional study was performed on all patients with primary frozen shoulder, referring to Bahonar and Shafa hospitals of Kerman, Iran. These patients were candidates for surgery due to unsuccessful supportive treatment. First, American shoulder and elbow surgeons (ASES) assessment form (score: 0 - 100) and simple shoulder test (SST) (a 12-item questionnaire) were completed before surgery. Then, all the patients underwent arthroscopic release and examinations. The assessment forms were completed again 3 and 12 months after surgery.
Overall, 15 patients with the mean age of 50.57 ± 12.01 years were included in this study. There was asignificant difference in the mean score of SST before (10.24±0.98) and after (10.99±1.05) surgery (p=0.034). In addition, patients’ performance at 12-month follow-up significantly improved compared to the 3-month follow-up (P = 0.014). There was a significant difference in the mean scores of ASES test before and after surgery (P = 0.007). In addition, the mean score of ASES test was higher at 12-month follow-up compared to the three-month follow-up (P = 0.019).
Arthroscopic release could help relieve pain and improve the range of shoulder movements in patients. Moreover, it could help patients return to their daily activities and regain their productivity. In fact, this technique facilitates simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of shoulder joint problems.

Tibia fractures are the most common long bone fracture. Due to minimal soft tissue and its blood supply, inadequate treatment of injuries could be a major cause of morbidity and disability. The intramedullary nail is the preferred method of treatment; however, despite all previous studies, no accurate method to measure nail length prior to surgery exists as yet. Due to the importance of this issue in stability and alignment and reduction of operation time, in this study, we compared several methods of measuring tibia nail length. This was a cross-sectional study in which the nail length was estimated using different methods such as X-ray of the opposite leg, tubercle-medial malleolar distance (TMD), and olecranon to fifth metacarpal distance. In addition, the length of the tibia canal was measured using a metal rod during the surgery. Subsequently, the obtained results were compared. None of the studied methods showed a significant difference between the estimation and the length of used nail. However, the results from the combination of the two methods of olecranon to fifth metacarpal and X-ray of the opposite leg had the closest correlation with the length of used nail. The aim of this study was to determine the best method of preoperative estimation of the length tibia canal for the reduction of operative time and better fracture fixation. Among these methods, the combination of olecranon to fifth metacarpal and opposite leg X-ray showed the strongest correlation.

The relation between nature and human considers different periods. At first it was bio-utilization which degrades the value of nature as a source of energy and material. After revolution in science development and attention to the damages which they made to environment, they tried to change their look to this issue and expand the mean of relation between human and nature. Birth of such word like ignition emphasize on the new point of view at nature. Bionic is the science that is formed from the combination of various natural and engineering science concepts. It is the study of complex vital systems of live organisms and natural forms and maybe a good solution for solving technical and structural issues of engineers. Nowadays when it is talked about technology, different kinds of cars and big buildings are stroked in human mind It is clear that if the technology result which is the answer of fundamental human needs is considered, it almost will be clear the reason of some circumstances, that each industrial or structural phenomena has been inspired from which natural alive pattern, so it has to be a relation with logical and scientific principles between mechanical system and alive constant system. The first zone contains human and nature informant principles and introduces their relation periods. In the second zone it is surveyed nature rule in human life, in third zone the nature is presented as a teacher and a source of human sprite, and the last zone expresses the relation between architecture and nature and the architecture usage way from nature with some real examples and finally the way for reaching a favorite architecture and the advantages of patterning natural forms and the cause of knowing nature order more and more considered at the conclusion.

The glenohumeral joint becomes dislocated more than any other major joint because it maintains a wide range of motion and its stability is inherently weak. The most common complication following acute initial shoulder dislocation is recurrent dislocation or chronic instability. Imbalance of strength and range of motion in individuals with anterior dislocation can be a contributing factor in recurrent dislocation as well. This case-control study consisted of 24 individuals with a mean age of 24.29±4.33 years, and a mean dislocation rate of 5.37±3.62 times. Isometric cuff strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer and for range of motion, the Leighton flexometer was used in internal and external rotational motions of both upper extremities. Independent t-test was used for data analysis. The internal and external range of motion of the injured glenohumeral joint was lower than the uninjured joint (P<0.001). Similarly, the internal and external rotation strength of the injured joint was lower than the uninjured joint (P<0.001). According to previous data, imbalance of strength and range of motion in individuals with anterior shoulder dislocation can be a contributing factor in long-term disability and increased recurrent dislocation and our finding confirm decreased range of motion and strength in our patients. Hence, proper exercise and rehabilitation plans need to be developed for those suffering from this complication.

Prayers and worship to god and everything which relates humanity to his creator to achieve the pure life and its affiliations، spiritual tranquility، are the most important issues necessary to be presented in a city subjected to Islamic codes. In this article studies the impact of holding the unifying and spiritual ritual of jumah salat and the efficiency of mosques in increate of social capital based of its factors in the level of mosques of Kerman city. Sample population in the current study is 384 upper than 16 years old in habitants of local areas of Kerman city which are selected randomly. Research methodology and data collection tools are questionnaires which are analyzed by SPSS software، which in the level of inferential statistics «candle test» and «chi due test» are applied. Result of the study show a direct and meaningful correlation between variables of social capital، social trust، social participation and religious scale of people which are resulted by holding of jumah salat as a spiritual ritual. Therefore، it seems necessary to make possible the increase of social capital and its related and correlated factors by development of spiritual and religious programs which can help the attraction of citizens to mosques، especially teenagers and youngsters.

On the Khazar coast, Turkmen Sahra and especially Gomishan some kinds of residential architecture are seen amongstTurkmen tribes which are a valuable instance of local knowledge in rural housing, in a way that shows a sort of correlation between architecture and environment in these regions.In Gomishan houses are made of local materials and special techniques to be as useful as possible. On the other hand after burring Turkmen’s tents in 1926 and making them to live on the Caspian Sea coasts a kind of house which is called Tam engender which are evaluated and revised in this study. Since there is no research done on construction of Turkmen tams, the necessity of this research is clear. So in this article based on descriptive – analytic method using information gathering tools (including: field research (2006-2007), interview with experts, review of literature, documents) it is attempted to study this residential architecture. At the end using the positives notes of these regions some suggestions will be made.