shahin goharpey

Background and Objectives Stress urinary incontinence is a common disorder, especially in women. According to studies, low back pain is also highly prevalent in this group. Since postural stability has been reported to be associated with low back pain, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of stress incontinence and dynamic postural stability indices and functional disability due to low back pain in women with stress incontinence. Subjects and Methods This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 28 female participants in the age group of 20 to 55 years. It was found that 14 participants had mild stress incontinence and 14 the severe type. Dynamic postural stability and limit of stability tests were performed by the Biodex Balance System with empty and full bladders. The measurement of functional disability due to low back pain was performed using the Oswestry questionnaire. Results When the bladder was full, there was a significant difference in the overall and anterior-posterior stability indices between the two groups, while with an empty bladder, there was a difference in the overall and medial-lateral stability indices. The magnitude of functional disability due to low back pain was higher in the group with severe incontinence than in the mild type. Conclusion The existence of compensatory strategies during pelvic floor muscle dysfunction leads to different synergy patterns of trunk muscles when perturbations occur. Increased anterior-posterior postural stability index in women with urinary incontinence in the present study may be related to increased abdominal muscle activity, especially the external oblique muscles.

The Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a widely used patient-reported questionnaire to evaluate individuals with knee osteoarthritis or a history of knee injuries.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness and establish the minimal important change (MIC) for the Arabic version of KOOS in Iraqi individuals with knee osteoarthritis following physiotherapy intervention.

Fifty volunteers (13 male and 37 female, meanage: 59.3 ± 9.6 years old) with an orthopedic diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis participated in this study. The Arabic KOOS was completed by the participants once before the intervention and once after completing a 4-week physiotherapy treatment program. A seven-item global rating of change scale was used as an external anchor to assess the participants’ opinion about the treatment and its possible changes. Responsiveness was evaluated by calculating the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the MIC was established by identifying an optimal cut-off on the ROC curve.

All subscales of the Arabic KOOS showed an area under the curve > 0.70. The MICs reflecting the values required by the participants to feel the improvement were 15.5, 14.5, 11, 11.5, and 12.5 for the pain, symptoms, activities of daily living, sports and recreation, and quality of life subscales, respectively.

All subscales of the Arabic KOOS are responsive to physiotherapy treatment. Therapists and researchers can use the MIC values to evaluate whether their prescribed treatment was satisfactory and effective from their patients’ point of view.

 The Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a widely used patient-reported questionnaire to evaluate individuals with knee osteoarthritis or a history of knee injuries.

 The aim of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness and establish the minimal important change (MIC) for the Arabic version of KOOS in Iraqi individuals with knee osteoarthritis following physiotherapy intervention.

 Fifty volunteers (13 male and 37 female, mean age: 59.3±9.6 years old) with an orthopedic diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis participated in this study. The Arabic KOOS was completed by the participants once before the intervention and once after completing a 4-week physiotherapy treatment program. A seven-item global rating of change scale was used as an external anchor to assess the participants' opinion about the treatment and its possible changes. Responsiveness was evaluated by calculating the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the MIC was established by identifying an optimal cut-off on the ROC curve.

 All subscales of the Arabic KOOS showed an area under the curve > 0.70. The MICs reflecting the values required by the participants to feel the improvement were 15.5, 14.5, 11, 11.5, and 12.5 for the pain, symptoms, activities of daily living, sports and recreation, and quality of life subscales, respectively.

 All subscales of the Arabic KOOS are responsive to physiotherapy treatment. Therapists and researchers can use the MIC values to evaluate whether their prescribed treatment was satisfactory and effective from their patients' point of view.

there are many functional tests for assessment athletes after ACL reconstruction for return to sport. One of the most useful of these tests is LEFT. Isokinetic dynamometry is reliable and good indicator for assessment of the athletes to return to sport. Purpose of this study is regarding the dominant features of isokinetic dynamometry and reliable clinical tests for assessing relationship between isokinetic dynamometry results with LEFT clinical test.Subject and

23 athletes with age mean 25.34±3.71 was passed 12-14 months after their ACL reconstruction voluntarily participated in this study. At the first athletes were assessed for confidence of their ACL health and deformity of their lower limbs. In test stage athletes first complete isokinetic dynamometry tests and then perform LEFT test.

the results of the study showed that there is no correlation between isokinetic parameters asymmetry include: H/Q ratio, knee extensor and flexor peak torque, time to extensor and flexor peak torque, time of doing dynamometry tests in flexion and extension and also total work that were done in flexion and extension in 60, 180, 240 degrees per seconds speeds and LEFT test time performance.

time of doing LEFT test with isokinetic dynamometry parameters have no correlation and LEFT test is not the reliable test for assessment of recurrent injury probability.

 The primary purpose of physiotherapy in patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction is to reduce pain, improve Range of Motion (ROM), muscle strength, and balance after surgery. Thus, therapists need outcome measurement tools with acceptable validity, reproducibility, and responsiveness to assess these changes after the intervention. This study investigates the responsiveness of the tools used to measure pain, ROM, knee muscle strength, and dynamic balance. We also want to determine minimal clinically significant change for these outcomes in patients with ACL reconstruction after physiotherapy.

The study participants were 54 young patients with ACL reconstruction evaluated using impairment-based outcome measures of visual analog scale, goniometer, hand-held dynamometer, and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) at baseline (2 weeks after ACL reconstruction ) and 4 weeks after physiotherapy. At the second phase of evaluation, the participants also completed the 7-point global change rating scale. For assessing the responsiveness of the tools, we used the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve and correlation analysis

 Analyzing the ROC curve showed that the knee extension ROM, quadriceps and hamstring strength, and medial and posteromedial directions under SEBT had acceptable responsiveness (>0.70). The Spearman correlation coefficient between the scores obtained for these outcomes and the score of 7-point global change rating scale were significant in the range of 0.36-0.51. For all the study outcome measurement tools, minimal significant clinical changes were reported.

 The results of this study support the responsiveness of goniometer for knee extension ROM, hand-held dynamometer for quadriceps and hamstring strength, and SEBT for dynamic balance at medial and posteromedial directions in the assessment of clinical changes in patients with ACL reconstruction. The reported minimal significant clinical changes for each tool can help the clinicians and researchers to decide on determining the actual significant change in the ACL patient’s clinical conditions after physiotherapy.

Decision making and the quality of care provided for chronic diseases have been shown to improve through patient participation. The HeartQoL questionnaire is a core healthrelated quality of life (HRQOL) tool specifically designed for individuals with ischemic heart disease (IHD) who have undergone interventions such as cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

In this cross-sectional and multicenter study, 150 patients were recruited. The participants completed the HeartQoL, MacNew Heart Disease Questionnaire, and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) on entering CR for validity assessment. The HeartQoL along with a Global Rating of Change (GRoC) scale (for responsiveness measurement) were completed by 100 participants 3 months later.

The mean age of all participants in validity assessment was 61.87 ± 8.13 years. Cronbach’s alphas of the total scales ranged from 0.70 to 0.81 and of the subscales from 0.70 to 0.82. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine construct validity; similar constructs were confirmed with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.50 to 0.69 and dissimilar constructs with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.28 to 0.29 (P < 0.010). The assessment of the responsiveness of the questionnaire indicated that the area under curve (AUC) was greater than 0.70 (range: 0.74 to 0.91) and the optimal cut-off point was 0.65.

The Persian version of the HeartQoL questionnaire demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties in the sample of participants admitted to CR after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The present study results showed that the HRQOL can be used by clinicians and researchers in conjunction with other outcome measures to gain additional information about symptoms relevant to HRQOL in patients referred to CR and to evaluate change over time.

Transabdominal ultrasound (TAU) is a non-invasive and easy method that can directly evaluate the function of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) through observation of the bladder base movement. Although, studies have investigated the reliability of this technique during PFM contraction, but there is little evidence of reliability during Valsalva maneuver and abdominal curl. This study was performed with aim to assess the reliability, standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change of TAU of PFM activity during contraction, Valsalva maneuver and abdominal curl in healthy women.

This methodological study was performed on 15 volunteer’s women (20-45 years) who had no symptoms of urinary incontinence in Kashani hospital of Isfahan in 2018. 15 participated in this study. The bladder base displacement (as an indicator of PFM activity), in millimeters, was assessed by TAU during PFM contraction, Valsalva maneuver, and abdominal curl in two sessions at intervals of a week. Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement tests were used to evaluate the reliability, standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change (significance level=0.05).

Reliability of TAU for evaluating the bladder base displacement during PFM contraction was 0.88, during Valsalva maneuver 0.95, and during abdominal curl 0.83. The minimal detectable change during PFM contraction was 2.27 mm, during Valsalva maneuvering 7.94 mm, and during abdominal curl 5.65 mm.

Reliability of transabdominal ultrasound in PFM activity assessment during contraction, Valsalva maneuver, and abdominal curl is good to excellent.

Type 2 diabetes is one of the major causes of progressive microvascular and macro vascular complications leading to retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy as well pulmonary complications due to changes in collagen, elastin, and micro angiopathy. The current study aimed at assessing some respiratory indices in patients with type 2 diabetes and the possible relationships between these parameters and the level of blood glucose control and duration of diabetes. In the current descriptive-analytical study, 20 patients with type 2 diabetes were compared with 20 matched healthy subjects. The information of the respiratory system was collected using a chronograph. Parameters for assessment were respiration rate, heartbeats, and oxygen saturation percentage. The results of the study showed a significant reduction in end-expiratory carbon dioxide pressure and increased respiratory rate in the patients compared to the control group. The results also showed a strong and inverse relationship between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and respiratory indices. The duration of having diabetes had a negative significant relationship with respiratory indices. In general, the results of the study indicated that lung function is impaired in people with type 2 diabetes. According to the results of the current study, a proposal for a program to facilitate or prevent lung function impairment for these patients is suggested.

 People with Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction need to have almost automatic postural control to focus on their athletic skills. Continuous cognitive task is a method for removing attention from postural control. The effects of continuous cognitive task on postural control of people with ACL reconstruction has been assessed by laboratory tools; however, its effect using balance error scoring system is still unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of continuous cognitive task on the postural control of individuals with ACL reconstruction using the balance error scoring system. 

The present study is a case-control study using simple non-probability sampling. Participants included 20 male football players with ACL reconstruction (13.90±4.15 months after surgery) and 20 healthy men. They were matched for age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, dominant leg, education and activity levels. Tegner activity level scale was used to determine activity level of participants. Postural control was evaluated under single-leg stance test (with treated leg) on firm and foam surfaces with and without continuous cognitive task. Balance error scoring system was used to assess the balance control. In the condition without cognitive task, no feedback was provided. Continuous cognitive task consisted of 10 three-digit numbers each presented with a 2-second interval by audio tape and headphone. In the cognitive condition, individuals were asked to focus on the preselected number and provide the sum of its repetitions in the end of the test. The dependent variable was the number of balance error in each condition. Balance errors included lifting hands from hip, opening eyes, stepping or swinging, lifting forefoot or heal, moving hip into more than 30 degrees of hip abduction or flexion, and remaining out of position for more than 5 seconds. We used SPSS v. 20 software for statistical analysis of data. Kolmogorov- Simonov test was performed to test the normality of data distribution. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess the relative  reliability of the rater for assessing the balance error. The absolute reliability of the rater was measured using Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), Minimal Metrically Detectable Change (MMDC) and Coefficient of Variation (CV). Mixed-model of ANOVA (2 groups ×4 stance conditions) was used to investigate the main effect and interaction effect of these factors. We used repeated measure ANOVA to determine the main effect of test condition in every each, and independent-sample t-test and effect size was used to determine the difference between groups.

 Distribution of data in all four test conditions was normal (P>0.05). The rater reliability was excellent for calculating the balance error in all test conditions (ICC>0.90, MMDC<%10 and CV<%5). Interaction between group and test condition was significant (F=11.59, P<0.01). Result of independent-sample t-test showed that subjects had a higher balance error than healthy subjects under  single-leg stance test on foam without cognitive task (F=2.01, p<0.01). In this condition, the effect size also showed that difference between groups was large (>0.8).The main effect of test condition in subjects showed that the continuous cognitive task reduced balance error while standing on both firm and foam surfaces (P<0.01), while in healthy subjects, the cognitive task had no effect on the balance (P>0.05).

 It can be concluded that male football players with ACL reconstruction had poorer stability compared to healthy subjects in performing single-leg stance test on foam surface without continuous cognitive task. Moreover, continuous cognitive task improved balance control in ACL subjects, while it had no effect on the balance of healthy subjects.

Despite of prevalence of ankle sprain, there is not have been enough study about sensory mechanism and change in force pattern of external support, that acting on sensory- motor system (process) and postural control in functional ankle instability (FAI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate effect of lateral heel wedge and soft brace on postural control in FAI and uninjured controls. Subject and

30 individuals with FAI in 2 groups examined with lateral heel wedge and soft brace, and 15 healthy controls participated in this study. Dynamic postural stability with and without external support, was assessed by biodex balance system in level 5.

In FAI individuals, after using lateral heel wedge, significant increase in overall limit of stability (LOS) (p=0.03), and wright LOS (p=0.04) was observed. however there was no significant increase in left LOS after using lateral heel wedge and in LOS indexes after using soft brace.

The results showed that changing in force pattern and decrease of stress on injured tissue after using lateral heel wedge can improve dynamic postural control in subjects with FAI.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of developing and administering a strategic plan on perceived educational quality by students in Ahvaz faculty of rehabilitation sciences. In this interventional study, perceived educational quality by students was investigated before and after developing and administering a strategic plan. Based on the number of students in each educational department and using stratified-random sampling method, 146 students in disciplines of speech and language pathology, physical therapy, audiology, and occupational therapy were selected to participate in the study. For data collection, a standardized SERVQUAL questionnaire including five dimensions of educational services quality (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) with approved validity and reliability was applied. Data analysis was executed by using SPSS version 18 and applying descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and analytical (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) statistical methods. Before developing and administering the strategic plan, a significant difference was observed between mean scores of perceived and expected tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy by students (p < 0.001). However, after developing and administering the strategic plan, the expected and perceived levels of students' satisfaction with educational services were almost equal. Furthermore, in developing and administering the strategic plan, by prioritizing and devoting the budget to the dimensions with highest gap, the students estimated the quality of faculty’s educational services equal to and in line with their expected status.

Some individuals, copers, despite of an acute lateral ankle sprain could return to high-level physical activities, without development of functional ankle instability (FAI). Study about differences between copers and FAI groups results in identify factors that cause FAI. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of cognitive demands on dynami postural control in FAI, copers and uninjured controls. 42 individuals in three groups with FAI, copers and uninjured controls participated in this study. Dynamic postural stability with and without cognitive demands, was assessed. Repeated measure ANOVAs was used to determine possible significant interactions for the 2 factors. Interaction of group by cognitive difficulty was significant for Overal stability index (OSI) (P<0.001) and mediolateral stability index (MLSI) (P=0.005). A significant increase in OSI and MLSI observed in FAI group during dual task compared to the single task performance (p<0.05). However, a significant decrease in OSI was demonstrated in copers during dual task condition (p=0.004). The results showed that concurrent performance of cognitive task could effect on postural control after first lateral ankle sprain. responses to cognitive perturbations can consider as an important factor to identify adaptation mechanisms in copers and distinguish between copers and FAI groups.

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common and costly musculoskeletal complaints in today’s societies, affecting up to 80% of the population at least one episode during their lifetime. Balance and postural control is considered as an essential requirement for physical and daily activities. Biodex system is an applicational tool for measurement of dynamic balance and postural stability. In this study twenty _four patients with low back pain (age: 33.42 ± 9.73, BMI: 25.82 ±1.92) matched with twenty _four healthy persons(age: 32.08 ± 8.73years, BMI: 25.16±1.99). postural stability indices(OSI,MLSI,APSI) was measured with biodex system during standing on one leg. According to the present study results, significant difference was seen only between standard deviation of overall stability and mediolateral stability indexes(p<0.05). Showed that healthy patients had better dynamic balance than patient with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Differences in balance control in frontal position may be due to activity of hip abductor muscles during standing on one leg of course gluteus medius is powerful stabilizer of pelvic girdle in frontal plane. In other hand according to past researches, weakness of this muscles in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain is prevalence.May be this weakness is the cause of difference in frontal plane.

  Despite an important role of core muscles in proximal stability during dynamic activity, our knowledge about the function of core stabilizers in people with patellofemoral pain syndrome )PFPS( is quite limited. In this study, the endurance and function of the core muscles in females with PFPS compared to healthy females. Participants in this study were 20 females with diagnosis of PFPS, and 20 healthy females matched for age, weight, height, and activity level. Endurance of the back extensors, the lateral flexors and function of abdominal muscles were tested using the Sorensen, the side bridge and the straight leg lowering tests, respectively. Statistics Independent T-test was used for comparison between two groups. The endurance of back extensors (p=0.003), left lateral flexors (p=0.005) and function of abdominal muscles (p=0.022) in the PFPS group were significantly lower than the healthy group. Based on the study's findings, reduced lower trunk endurance might be a contributing factor to PFPS in females.
Key words: knee injury, lower trunk, patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Body composition and balance are always one of the main factors of health and quality of life among the people. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of resistance training with TRX and Traditional on some factors of body composition and balance in Sedentary men.
Subjects and InThis semi-experimental study, thirty Sedentary men (age = 29/33±3.23 and BMI = 26/03±1.24) participated and randomly divided to TRX group (n = 15) and traditional group (n = 15). Befor and after eight weeks of training, body composition (weight, BMI and percentage of body fat) and balance in three position (two legs, right leg and left leg) with Biodex stability system evaluated.
It was not observed any difference between groups in body composition (P>0/05); but the weight, BMI and percentage of body fat in traditional group and only percentage of body fat in TRX group significantly decreased (P It is consider that to compare with traditional resistance training, resistance training with TRX can be more effective in balance (not in body composition).

The aims of this study was to culturally adapt and validate the Persian-version of the Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity Scale and to present data on its psychometric properties in a sample of Iranian patients with multiple sclerosis.
Subjecrs and After standard forward and backward translations, 92 patients with MS completed the Persian versions of the MSSS-88 and MSQoL-54 in the first visit. With time interval of 2 days after the first visit, 40 patients filled out the MSSS-88 in the second visit. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's α coefficient, respectively. To evaluate construct validity of MSSS-88 compared to similar concepts of MSQoL-54, the spearman's rank correlation was used.
MSSS-88 has a high ICC level. The minimum Cronbach's alpha level of 0.70 was exceeded by MSSS-88. In terms of construct validity, most of a priori hypotheses were confirmed.
These results demonstrate the the Persian-version of the MSSS-88 is a culturally-adapted, reliable and valid measure in Iranian patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

The main goal of physiotherapy for patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) is to improve postural control and retain knee function. Therefore, clinicians need to use evaluative tools that assess postural changes during physiotherapy. To maximize the clinical utility of the results of these tools, the extracted measures should have appropriate psychometric properties of reliability, validity and responsiveness. No study has yet addressed responsiveness of postural measures in these patients. This study was designed to investigate the responsiveness and determine the minimal clinically important changes (MCIC) of static and dynamic postural measures in patients with (ACL-R) following physiotherapy.
Static and dynamic postural measures were evaluated at first occasion and again after four weeks physiotherapy. The static measures consisted of center of pressure (COP) parameters while dynamic measures included the stability indices. Correlation analysis and ROC curve were applied for assessing the responsiveness.
The meanand SD velocity of COP had acceptable responsiveness in both conditions of standing on injured leg with open-eyes and on uninjured leg with closed-eyes, both with nocognitive task. For dynamic measures, stability indices in double-leg standing with closed-eyes with cognitive task condition attained acceptable responsiveness. MCICs for mean and SD velocity in anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were 0.28cm/s, 0.008cm/s, 0.02cm/s, respectively in standing on injured leg with open-eyes; and 0.14cm/s, 0.07cm/s, 0.06cm/s, respectively in uninjured leg with closed-eyes condition. Also, MCICs for anteroposterior, mediolateral and total stability indices were 0.51◦, 0.37◦, 0.34◦, respectively in DCT condition.
Our findings provide evidence for selection of appropriate static and dynamic postural measures for assessment of changes in these patients. MCICs for these measures were determined, which provide practical information for clinicians to make decision on clinical significance of changes in patients’ status.

Functional ankle instability (FAI), characterized by feeling of “giving way” and recurrent episodes of ankle sprain, is the most prevalent problem following ankle sprain which causes balance deficits and limitations in activity and sport and can affect health status. Little is known about correlation between self-reported instability-as chief complaint of individuals- with balance and health status in individuals with FAI.
23 subjects with unilateral FAI and 23 healthy people were participated in this study. Ankle Instability Index and SF-36 questionnaire were completed by participants; otherwise balance error scoring system (BESS) was used to measure static balance. To compare balance and health status between groups, independent sample and Mann-Whitney tests were used and Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine correlation between main variables.
BESS scores in FAI group was significantly more than the control group (P 0.05). There was no significant correlation, however, between balance tests scores with the Instability Index.
High correlation of ankle instability with physical part of SF-36 revealed that self-reported instability affect physical health but there is not any correlation between self-reported instability with balance tests.

Family is first organization that the person enter it, as for useful role family functioning in the normal family especially when a family member needs help for adaptation with environment and society, normal functioning of family have a helpful role, therefore the aim of this study was to evaluation family functioning. So, the aim of this study was to comparison of functioning of families with and without intellectual disable children.
This Case-control study conducted in 2015. This is a cross-sectional analytical study that population consisted of 86 families with and without intellectual disability children living in Ahvaz. Data collection by demographic and family functioning (FAD) questionnaire. Data analysis by SPSS 21, and analytical data were carried out by using t-test and Mann-Whitney tests.
This finding show that significant difference in mean between two groups in items of problem-solving and emotional fusion does not exist. There was also no significant difference between the two groups.
Mentally retarded child can affect a family functioning. Family members should try to set the conditions for accept the terms of outcome and the child's family environment with a disability to have better personal and social life do not help.

This study aimed to evaluate the educational quality of rehabilitati on programmeat Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical sciences from faculty members’point of view. Being a descriptive and cross-sectional research, the population included all faculty members from departmentsin school of Rehabilitation Sciences. In addition, data was gathered via aresearch-made questionnaire consisting of two sections; the first was about respondent's demographic characteristics, and the second was evaluating dimensions of education quality;it included 8 dimensions (Learning/Value-five items, Instructor Enthusiasm-four items, Organization-three items, Group Interaction-three items, instructor availability-??, Individual Rapport-three items, Breadth of Coverage-five items, Examinations/Grading-three items, Assignments/Readings-two items and 28 items thatwere scored by Likert scale. Moreover,the validity of the instrument of data collection was confirmed by using content validity, and to investigate the reliability of the instrument Cronbach's Alpha was run and calculated 0.80. Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (ANOVA and independent t Test and Tukey) were performed for data analysis using SPSS 20. The findings eventually showed that 5 estimated dimensions were quite appropriate and 2 other dimensions were considered appropriate, while the dimension of testing and scoring were perceived relatively inappropriate among educational quality dimensions from of faculty members’ viewpoint. In addition, mean scores of viewpoints from faculty members who served less than 5 years and those who served more than 15 years showed a significant difference in comprehensiveness ofeducational materialsdimension (P

Functional ankle instability (FAI), characterized by feeling of “giving way” and instability of ankle, is the most prevalent problem following ankle sprains which causes deficits in balance and health status. However, little is known about the correlation between ankle instability measuring tools in individuals with FAI..
The present study aimed at evaluating the correlation between self-reported instability with balance and health status in individuals with FAI..
Twenty-three patients with unilateral FAI and 23 healthy individuals participated in the present study. Ankle instability index and SF-36 questionnaire were completed by the participants; then balance error scoring system (BESS) was used to measure static balance. To compare balance and health status between the 2 groups, independent sample and Mann-Whitney tests were used; moreover, Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between the main variables..
BESS scores in FAI group was significantly more than the control group (P 0.05). However, no significant correlation was found between the balance tests scores and the instability index..
The results of the present study suggest that the individuals with FAI had greater activity limitations and participation restrictions compared with the control group. There were deficits in balance status in FAI group. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between the ankle instability index and the subjective measures of health status..

Many studies have assessed the effects of either low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) or demineralized bone matrix (DBM) on bone repair; however, an evaluation of the combination of these modalities (LIPUS DBM) has not yet been considered..
This study aimed to investigate combined effects of DBM and LIPUS on fracture healing..
Bilateral 5-mm tibial defects were created in male Dutch rabbits (n = 30). Animals were divided to two groups of empty defect (A) and DBM group (B), in which commercial DBM putty was used in defects. In each animal left tibia was treated with LIPUS (intensity = 30 mW/cm2, I SATA, 1 MHz, 20 min/day, pulsed duty 1:4) and the contralateral limb was used as the control. Animals, after 14, 28 and 60 days, were submitted to radiographic or computerized tomography (CT) scanning analysis..
At two weeks, LIPUS had no substantial effect on bone formation. Slight increase of average rates in LIPUS group (A2) were seen compared to the empty defect group (A1) at day 21 and 28. In the DBM–treated group compared with the sham LIPUS, bone-healing rate was reduced at the end of the period (60 days) after surgery. The average healing rate in group B at the end of the 60-day period was less than group A after 21 days..
The present study discusses systemic effect of LIPUS because of non-significant results between treated group and control group and is the first to demonstrate that LIPUS decreases bone formation induced by DBM..

The current study aimed to evaluate the postural control in patients underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction pre and post wearing functional knee brace..
Eighteen athletes undergone unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction included in the study. They had unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction at least six months before session test. Postural control was assessed pre and post wearing custom-fit functional knee brace using a posturographic platform prokin 254. The balance tests included: 1) standing on prokin platform with eyes open/closed on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction limb, 2) standing on prokin platform with eyes open/closed on both limbs. The standard deviation (SD) of body sway along the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) axis, mean velocity of center of pressure (COP) along AP/ ML axis and the area ellipse (measured in 2 mm) were calculated..
Results of the paired T-test revealed a significant effect on selected postural control variables for the brace conditions especially in low challengeable conditions (double leg, eyes open test situations) (P Functional knee brace improved postural control in the simple balancing task in the subjects with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. But this improvement in more difficult balancing task was limited..

The aim of this study was to determine the type and priority needs of people with multiple sclerosis in Khuzestan using Persian version of the Southampton Needs Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ) and their relationship to age, gender, and physical disability scale, respectively.
In this cross-sectional study, the priority needs of 100 patients with multiple sclerosis (aged below 18 years) were studied, whose diagnosis had crossed over a period of one year. This study was covered by the MS Society of Khuzestan Province. Out of 100 patients, 25 were men and 75 were women. The data were analyzed to calculate the dispersion index of the unmet needs after the determination of initial priority needs by using the chi-square statistics.
Based on the patients’ responses, around eight unmet needs were located. Treatment needs, rehabilitation, and financial assistance were the first priority, the need for affordable housing and optimizing environment were at the second place, and employment, information, and fun were at the third place. With the increasing scale of physical disability, the dependence of the individuals on basic needs like treatment, rehabilitation, financial service and, accessibility for an optimizing environmental increases, and people’s satisfaction with the quality of health services reduces (P In order to meet the needs of people with multiple sclerosis in Khuzestan province, attempts should be made by planners and authorities to fix the therapeutic, rehabilitation, and financial issues at first, followed by the issues of affordable housing. Appropriate measures should be implemented for the success of these programs, and proper assessments of its functionality should be done in a periodic manner.

Visually and hearing impairments are as the most common groups of physical disabilities. Due to limitation caused by these disorders, they can affect family functioning. The aim of this study was to compare the functioning of families with visual and hearing impairments with families without disorders.
In this descriptive – analytical study, 55 subjects with visually and hearing impairment from association of the blind and deaf of Ahvaz city, Iran and 55 subjects without disorders as the control group were selected by available sampling method and examined. Data collection tools include Family Assessment Device (FAD) inventory and the demographic information questionnaire. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS 20 software.
The research findings showed that the mean scores values obtained from FAD inventory in families with visual and hearing impairments and the controls had no statistically significant differences (P=0.1). Comparing the functioning dimensions in the three groups, the families with visual impairment had poorer functioning in dimensions of behavioral control (P=0.02), communication (P = 0.01) and overall functioning (P = 0.03) with respect to the two groups.
The results suggest that the families with visual impairment have lower performance compared to families with hearing impairment and the control group in some aspects.