soheila asadi

Background and purpose: 

This study aimed to test the causal model of quality of life based on unconditional acceptance, ego strength and spiritual health by mediating parenting stress of mothers with blind children in west of Mazandaran province.

The present study is an applied and correlational research. The statistical population included all mothers of children with visual and hearing impairments in Tonekabon, Ramsar, Abbas Abad, and Chalous cities in 2023. Considering the mean of previous studies and the number of variables, a sample of 233 mothers was selected through purposive sampling method. Data collection tools included the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire – Short Form (2005), Abidin's Parenting Stress Index (1990), Chamberlain and Haaga's Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (2001), Spiritual Well- Being Scale (1982), and Reker's Ego Strength Scale (2003). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24, AMOS version 24, and structural equation modeling (SEM) method.

Spiritual well-being and unconditional self-acceptance had significant effects on predicting the quality of life of mothers of children with visual impairments (P = 0.001). Furthermore, parenting stress positively and significantly mediated the relationship between spiritual well-being, unconditional selfacceptance, and the quality of life of mothers of children with visual and hearing impairments.

Considering the influential role of the studied variables in predicting the quality of life of mothers of children with visual impairments, proper planning and establishing appropriate infrastructures are necessary to improve the quality of life of these mothers.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), which is among the most prevalent cancers worldwide, is caused by environmental and genetic factors. It has been shown that the p53 gene is associated with CRC pathogenesis; moreover, Zyxin (ZYX) may play a role in p53 level and activity. Therefore, the present research aimed to investigate the levels of P53 and ZYX genes and proteins in CRC tumor samples. Cancerous tissues (n=31) and matched non-cancerous tissues (n=31) were randomly obtained from 31 patients with CRC. Total RNA was extracted using RNXplus, and gene expressions were assessed by Real-time PCR. Furthermore, the Western blot technique was used to investigate the expression of ZYX and P53 proteins. The obtained results revealed that the expression of ZYX and p53 genes in cancerous tissues showed no significant difference compared to matched non-cancerous tissues. On the other hand, measuring protein expression using the Western blotting technique indicated that the ZYX (P=0.0081) and p53 (P=0.0065) expression in tumor tissues significantly decreased compared to those in matched non-cancerous tissues. Correlation analysis indicated a significant correlation between ZYX and P53 proteins (r=0.746, P=0.013). Based on our findings, ZYX might have a suppressive function in CRC and is associated with P53.

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in improving self-esteem and improving quality of life in divorced women. The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included divorced women from counseling centers related to the welfare of the city in 2023. 30 people from the statistical population were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of cognitive behavioral intervention. The research tool included the short form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHO-QOL-BREF) (1989) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire (RSE) (1965). The results of the multivariate Kovar-Yance analysis test showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference between the mean improvement of self-esteem and the improvement of the quality of life in the two experimental and control groups at the level of 0.001. Based on the findings of this research, cognitive behavioral training can be an effective solution for improving self-esteem and improving the quality of life in divorced women.

This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral play therapy and filial therapy in reducing impulsivity, improving social competence, and enhancing empathy in children with learning disabilities.

The current research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included all students aged 7 to 9 (first and third grades) with learning disabilities in the academic year of 2011-2012 who referred to learning disability centers located in Tonkabon city. 45 were available and were randomly placed in three groups of the first experiment (cognitive behavioral game therapy), the second experiment (filial therapy) and the control group. The tools used are Barat Impulsivity Scale Questionnaire (1959), Social Competence Scale by Cohen and Rasman (1972), Khosravi and Larijani's Standard Empathy-Child and Adolescent Questionnaire (2019) and Filial play therapy intervention, a 10-session, 90-minute therapy session and a once a week and cognitive behavioral game therapy intervention was an 8-session, 60-minute therapy session once a week, the data were analyzed by repeated measurement variance analysis method and SPSS version 24 software.

Both cognitive-behavioral play therapy and filial therapy were effective in reducing impulsivity in children with learning disabilities (P<0.01). However, based on the Bonferroni post-hoc test, the cognitive-behavioral method had a greater effect on reducing impulsivity compared to filial therapy. The results showed that both cognitive-behavioral play therapy and filial therapy were effective in improving social competence and empathy in children with learning disabilities. However, based on the Bonferroni post-hoc test, filial therapy had a greater effect on increasing social competence and empathy compared to the cognitive-behavioral approach (P<0.01).

Overall, this research demonstrated that both cognitive-behavioral and filial therapy approaches are effective tools for increasing empathy, reducing impulsivity, and enhancing social competence in individuals. The use of these approaches in counseling and treatment centers can aid in improving interpersonal relationships and mental health.

The research aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Floretime play therapy protocol on emotion regulation and severity of autism symptoms in children with autism spectrum. The method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research population consisted of all children aged 7-10 years who were referred to the autism centers of Chalus and Tonkabon cities in 1402, from which 30 people were selected as samples and were randomly placed in two groups of 15 people for testing and controls. The experimental group underwent 20 20-minute sessions of full-time play therapy. The research tools were the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Children and Adolescent Version (ERQ-CA, Galen and Taff, 2012) and the Gilliam Autism Diagnostic Scale (GARS, Gilliam, 1994). The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference in the level (P<0.05) between the post-test mean of emotion regulation indicators and symptom severity in the two experimental and control groups. In general, the results obtained from the research showed that Floortime play therapy was effective in regulating the emotions and severity of autism symptoms in children with autism.

Postmodernism is the third period in the history of human thought. In this period, which spans the end of the 19th century to today, the creation of reality replaces the discovery of reality. Many contemporary story writers in Iran have also written this story style under the influence of the works of the postmodern writers of the West. One of these writers is Sara Salar, who introduced her art as a post-modern writer in the novel "Hast Ya Nist" with elements such as denial of truth, skepticism, uncertainty, contradiction, giving originality to the reader's mind and passing the time while listing the postmodern elements in the novel or not. This research tries to provide a reasoned answer to this question:" Which postmodern elements did Sara Salar use more in this novel?" And what is her place among postmodern storytellers? In this research, the authors specifically defined the characteristics of postmodern stories and their categories using the analytical descriptive method, and the findings of the study showed that the change of perspective and uncertainty are the most important features of postmodernism in this novel.

Plant residues can contribute to nutrient fertility in soil, increase soil organic matter concentration, maintain water in soil, reduce evaporation, stimulate microbial activity, increase grain size, decrease temperature fluctuations, improve the characteristics Physical, chemical and biological properties and improve soil plowing power. Crop residue burning is the factors affecting the emission of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. It is one of the fast and low-cost land preparation methods. This action causes environmental issues, as well as leads to changes in vegetation and soil. Hence, attention to this issue can be important in raising awareness and preventing the increase of its disadvantages. This research was carried out in order to estimate the area of agricultural land that post-harvest crop residue was burned, in the province of Kermanshah, Sarapul-Zahab

Field sampling operations were carried out on burned and unburned fields and their geographic coordinates were recorded. As a result, 255 burned fields and 163 non- burned fields were recorded. Considering the size of the grazing area of the study area, which is often smaller than 5 hectares, in this research, the images of LANDSAT 8, OIL / TIRS sensor with 30 m spatial resolution were obtained from the studied area. After atmospheric correction by FLAASH method, for selecting the best contrast, the contrast enhancement methods of optimum index factor (OIF), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) were used. The classification of images was done using the maximum likelihood method.

The results showed that the minimum values of the bands 1 and 2 were negative, so the data were normalized and the negative values of the bands was corrected. Based on the results obtained from the optimum index factor (OIF), the combination of bands 7, 5, 1 for all the examined dates, was chosen as the best band combination. After band combination based on the OIF index the burnt lands were separated by dark gray color and the vegetation of the cultivated lands were also separated by green color. The city and water could also be recognized in this image. The results of PCA and MNF Contrast enhancement methods also showed that the use of these methods, like the OIF band combination method, leads to a good enhancement of ground features in the images. After applying the maximum likelihood method to objects classification, The accuracy of the classification was evaluated by checking the correlation between the observed values (burnt and unburnt fields) and the classified values (burnt and unburnt places resulting from the image classification process). The methods of OIF and MNF (coefficients of Phi= 0.80, Cramer's V= 0.80 and Contingency Coefficient = 0.62) had significant correlations and more accurate than the PCA method (coefficients of Phi= 0.68, Cramer's V= 0.68 and Contingency Coefficient = 0.56). Accordingly, the area of irrigated agricultural field which burned after harvest was estimated at 7380 hectares, which included 56 percent of the County’s total irrigated field.

Based on the obtained results, the use of LANDSAT 8 satellite images can be used with high accuracy to identify burnt lands using enhancement methods OIF and MNF. A high percentage of irrigated lands in Sarpol Zahab city were burned in late spring and early summer for the next cultivation land preparation. In the long term, this can endanger the stability of production in agricultural ecosystems and also cause the release of greenhouse gases and various pollutants into the atmosphere, which in turn can cause air pollution and increase health problems for the inhabitants, which requires more attention of managers in this regard.

This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of brain exercise training and filial therapy training on cognitive avoidance and executive functioning of students with learning disabilities. The method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre-amon-post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up period. The research population consisted of all 7-9-year-old students (first and third grades) with learning disabilities referred to the learning disability centers of Tonkabon City in the academic year of 1402-1401. Among them, 45 people were selected and were divided into two experimental groups and a control group. The first group underwent brain exercise training during 8 sessions and the second group underwent filial therapy sessions during 10 sessions. The research tool was the executive functions questionnaire. (BRIEF, Gerrard et al., 2008) was the Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ, Saxon and Dagas, 2008). The findings obtained from mixed variance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up phases (p<0.001). Both intervention methods have reduced cognitive avoidance and increased executive functioning, and the level of effectiveness had a lasting effect over time, and there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two methods (p<0.001). In general, the results obtained from the research showed that both ways of intervention are effective in cognitive avoidance and executive functioning of students with learning disabilities.

This study aimed to investigate the GPx-1 gene polymorphism (rs1050450), the level of oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters, and the lipid profile in an obese Kurdish population in Sulaimani, Iraq.

In a case-control study,134 obese subjects and 131 normal BMI healthy individuals participated. The GPx-1 gene polymorphism was assessed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The levels of biochemical and oxidative parameters were determined using photometric methods.

The results showed that the fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly higher in obese subjects compared to the control group. Obese individuals had significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than the controls. The GPx-1 activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were significantly elevated in the obese group compared to the control group (P=0.006, and P<0.001, respectively). No significant difference was detected in genotype and allele frequencies of GPx-1 (rs1050450) between obese and normal BMI groups. However, the presence of the GPx-1 TT genotype enhanced the risk of obesity in females by 1.93-fold (95% CI 1.04-3.58, P=0.036). In the total population, the GPx activity increased in the presence of TT compared to CC+CT and CT genotypes.

The study indicated that obesity is linked to significantly higher levels of FBS, TG, LDL-C, TAC, and GPx activity and lower level of HDL-C. Also, we found the GPx-1 gene polymorphism was associated with the risk of obesity in females and increased the GPx activity.

The Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism plays an important role in the pathophysiology of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Additionally, ApoE may contribute to the progression of oxidative stress. Thus, this study aimed to determine the ApoE gene polymorphism and evaluate the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in ESRD patients and healthy individuals. The present cross-sectional study was conducted at 2010 at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (Kermanshah, Iran). The study population comprised ESRD patients (n=136) and healthy individuals (n=137). The MDA level was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the frequencies of ApoE gene alleles were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR). The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 13. The significant differences of ApoE genotypes in case and control groups were assessed using Pearson’s Chi square tests, and two-tailed Student’s tests. A logistic regression model was used to calculate the odd ratio. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.  According to the results, ESRD patients had a higher frequency of the E2/E3 genotype than the healthy group (P<0.001). The results indicated that E3/E4 genotype frequency in the patients’ group was higher than that of the control group (P=0.026). Furthermore, the  E3/E2 (OR=5.7, 95% CI=2.68-12.14) (P<0.001) and E3/E4 (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.05-2.34) (P=0.029) genotypes were found to increase the risk of ESRD. Moreover, the MDA level in ESRD patients was higher than the healthy individuals (P<0.001). The patients with E3/E2 (P<0.001) and E3/E4 (P<0.001) genotypes had a higher level of MDA than the control group.  According to the findings, patients with ESRD had higher genotypes of E3/E2 and E3/E4, which suggests a higher risk of developing ESRD.

The aim of this study was to Comparison of cognitive and non-cognitive skills of 18-24 year old male student athletes and non-athletes. A total of 200 students from different field of study at Mazandaran University were selected using random sampling method and then 60 students(30 athlete and 30non-athlete) fill the Parkers Problem Solving Questionnaire, Martin and Rubins cognitive flexibility , Helmrich & Spences Motivation for Progress and Abedis creativity .The Data analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and U Mann-Whitney .Results showed that there is difference between problem solving cognitive skills in male students of athletes with non-athletes of Mazandaran University, and there is superiority with athletic students. And also results showed there is difference between non- cognitive skills of motivation progress in male student of athletes with non-athletes of Mazandaran universities, and also there is superiority with student of athletes. But there is not difference between cognitive flexibility and non-cognitive skills of creativity in male student of athletes with non-athletes of Mazandaran universities. Findings showed that physical activity and sports can as effective factor on skills of problem-solving and motivation for progress.

One of the important conditions for maintaining a skilled workforce is to create a healthy and safe work environment through which the negative job consequences are reduced and the positive job results of skilled manpower of organizations and institutions are increased. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of job role stressors with respect to mediating stress arousal on nurses' job outcomes.

The statistical population of the present study was all nurses working in hospitals in the west of Mazandaran province (1878 people in 1398) from which 352 people were selected by stratified random sampling. In this study, Rizzo and Lust (1970) job stress questionnaire, Linz employee job satisfaction questionnaire (2003), Lango and Marrow (2011) standard job quest questionnaire, Metavildo and Scooter employee job performance questionnaire (1994), and scale Stress arousal was used by Smith et al. (2012). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using SPSS-24 and Amos-24 software.

The results of path analysis showed that the fit of the model is appropriate. The results also showed that stressors of job role and mental preparation have a direct and significant effect on job results. Stress arousal also has an indirect and significant effect on job results.

Considering the important role of stress arousal on nurses' job outcomes, it seems necessary for managers and officials of health centers to pay attention to this matter, so it is recommended to study the causes and appropriate strategies to reduce job stress. Holding training workshops on teaching coping strategies can be effective in improving the job performance of nurses.

The present study compared the effectiveness of group counseling based on choice theory on homesickness and emotion of thought. Research design was quasi-experimental administering a pretest-posttest on an experimental and a control group. The population of this study included all students (female and male) referred to counseling center of Sari Payame Noor University in the academic year 2016-2017. The sample consisted of 30 participants who were randomly divided into two groups (one experimental group and one control group) (15 students in each group). Then, homesickness questionnaire and emotion of thought questionnaire were administered to both groups. For two months, the experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of group counseling based on choice theory; however, the control group did not receive any training during this period. Pre-test and post-test data were analyzed using covariance analysis. The results showed that experimental interventions (group counseling based on choice theory) reduced homesickness score, decreased impatience of thought and increased dynamics of thought in students (p<0.01). It can be concluded that group counseling of choice theory was effective in improvement of emotion of thought and decreasing homesickness.

One of the critical conditions for maintaining a skilled workforce is to create a healthy and safe work environment through which the negative job consequences are reduced, and the positive job outcomes of skilled human resources of organizations and institutions are increased. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of job role stressors and mental motivation concerning mediation on stress arousal on nurseschr('39') job outcomes.

The present studychr('39')s statistical population was all nurses working in hospitals, west of Mazandaran province (1878 people in 2019). The sample size was obtained based on the structural equation sampling method, i.e., according to the five main paths of the model, the number of markers is 12, the number of marker errors is 12 parameters, the number of covariance is one parameter, and the hidden variable errors are two parameters. According to the number of research parameters, assumed causal model (32 parameters) in this study, 11 people were selected for each parameter, and a total of 352 people were studied. In this study, the job stress questionnaire of House & Rizzo (1970), the job satisfaction questionnaire of Linz employees (2003), the standard questionnaire of the tendency to leave the job of Longo and Mura (2011), Standard Job Performance Questionnaire for Motowidlo and Scotter Employees (1994), Abd-El-Fattah and Yates (2006) Stimulus Stimulation Scale of Smith et al. (2012) were used. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling using SPSS-24 and torque structure analysis software AMOS-23.

The results revealed that the proposed model has a good fit in all fitness indicators. Data analysis results showed that job role stressors have a direct effect on job results among nurses. (Role-to-performance conflict coefficient (β=-0.20) and job satisfaction (β=-0.23). Furthermore, mental imagery has a direct effect on job results among nurses. The intrinsic intelligence coefficient has a direct effect on performance (β=0.28) and job satisfaction (β=0.20), as well as between stress arousal and job results. Anxiety coefficient to performance (β=-0.32) and job satisfaction (β=-0.22); Mental rumination to performance (β=-0.25) and job satisfaction (β=-0.16); Physiological response to performance (β=-0.19) and job satisfaction (β=-0.21); Emotional integration into performance (β=-0.17) and job satisfaction (β=-0.22). In the presence of the mediating variable of stress arousal, job role stressors and mental preparation have an indirect effect on job results.

In general, the present study results showed that stress arousal has a significant role in the relationship between job outcomes with job role stressors and mental preparation in nurses in western Mazandaran province. Considering the vital role of stress arousal on nurseschr('39') job outcomes, managers and officials of health centers must pay attention to this matter. Besides, it is suggested to study the causes and appropriate strategies to reduce job stress. Also, holding training workshops on teaching strategies to deal with stress, strengthen mental preparation, and improve the nurses’ job performance. As with other studies, this study has several limitations that must be considered to generalize its findings. Among the limitations of the present study, we can mention the design of the present study and the use of cross-sectional methods, which will not lead to stability of results. The present study was performed only on nurses in the west of Mazandaran province, limiting the results’ generalization of. Another limitation of this research is the respondents’ psychological state during the response, which may have affected their behavior, which was not under the researcherchr('39')s control.

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex proteins are involved in membrane trafficking. The expression of isoforms of SNAP-23, syntaxin-4, and VAMP-2 is significantly done in skeletal muscles; they control GLUT4 trafficking. It is believed that type 2 diabetes could be caused by the modifications in the expression of SNARE complex proteins. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on the expression of these proteins in type 2 diabetes.

Forty male Wistar rats were selected. Streptozotocin and nicotinamide were applied for the induction of type 2 diabetes. The animals were divided into five groups. Healthy and diabetic groups were set as control; resveratrol (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight) was applied to treat the three groups of diabetic rats for 30 days. Real-time qRT-PCR was applied to evaluate the expression of SNARE complex proteins.

There is a link between diabetes and insulin resistance and up-regulation of SNARE proteins expression. Resveratrol improved hyperglycemia and insulin resistance along with a non-significant reduction in the expression of SNARE proteins.

Increased expression of SNARE proteins was possibly a compensatory mechanism in response to insulin resistance in the skeletal muscles of diabetic rats. Resveratrol non-significantly reduced the expression of SNARE proteins by enhancing insulin sensitivity, where this effect was dose-dependent. Thus, higher doses of resveratrol and longer intervention periods could probably be more effective. Another molecular mechanism of the anti-diabetic properties of resveratrol was identified with an effect on the expression of SNARE proteins.

Determination of land suitability for specific productivity is considered as one of the land management tools that makes land use sustainable along with planning to increase production. Agro-ecological zoning refers to the recognition of a set of conditions that allows the economic planting of each crop with regard to the weather conditions of desired region. Alfalfa, as one of the most important forage plants with high quality forage, soil nitrogen fixation and soil erosion reduction, can play an important role in crop rotation. In Iran, alfalfa annual species have been distributed mainly to the northwest, west and south. Considering the good adaptation of alfalfa species to climatic and topographic conditions in western Iran, recognition of appropriate areas to cultivation of this product can lead to soil fertilization, rangeland rearing and forage production. Therefore, this research was carried out with the aim of identifying suitable areas for cultivating this plant based on climatic factors (rainfall, mean temperature of growth period, minimum temperature and maximum temperature) and topographic factors (elevation, slope and aspect) using Dynamic Analysis Hierarchical Process (AHP).

At first step, the response of the annual alfalfa to the climatic factors (rainfall, mean temperature of growth period, minimum temperature and maximum temperature) and topographic factors (elevation, slope and aspect) was determined and evaluated based on available resources. Then, the raster layers of the each mentioned factors were classified for Kermanshah province located in the west of Iran. To determine the importance of each of factors as criteria, scientific resources and the opinion of the experts were used as input in the AHP. In this regard, the weight of each layer was determined and accordingly, the integration of the layers was performed in the Geographic Information System (GIS). Finally, the final layers of the arable and pasture lands of Kermanshah province were classified into three highly suitable, semi- suitable and non- suitable zones.

The results of AHP showed that the important of climatic factors (weighs= 0.833) were more than topographic factors (weighs= 0.167) on the growth of annual alfalfa. Among the climatic factors, the highest importance was observed for rainfall, the mean temperature of plant growth period, maximum and minimum temperatures, respectively. Among the topographic variables, aspect, slope and elevation had vital importance, respectively. The results also showed that the suitable arable and pasture lands for growing alfalfa were 4570 and 6898 km2 , respectively, equivalent to 19 and 28 percent of the total land area of the province. In fact, considering the area of arable and pasture lands of Kermanshah province (9105 and 11849 km2 , respectively), the areas susceptible to growing annual alfalfa were 50% of the total agricultural land and 59% of the total rangeland lands of the province. These areas include parts of the northeast, center and parts of the west of the province in the agricultural land and the eastern, northeastern, parts of the center, west and northwest in the rangeland area. The rainfall of about 500-450 mm, the proper temperature and slope are characteristics of this area, which makes these areas suitable in terms of suitable ecological conditions for alfalfa cultivation. The most suitable agricultural lands within the province belong to the Songhor, Kermanshah, Islamabad and Javanrood, respectively, and the largest area of susceptible rangeland belongs to the Songhor, Kermanshah, Salas Babajani and Islamabad, respectively.

In general, the results indicate that annual alfalfa is suitable for cultivation in more than half of the arable and pasture lands. This results show the high potential of Kermanshah province for the cultivation of the crop as a suitable plant in crop rotational as well as rangeland regeneration. The use of this information could allow the selection of areas susceptible to annual alfalfa cultivation to improve crop and pastures management.

To study the effect of fertilizer and planting pattern on chickpea and linseed plant traits in dryland farming, a field experiment was conducted in factorial layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Naqadeh, Iran during growing season of 2016-2017. Treatments were included six substitutive cropping patterns; sole cropping of chickpea, sole cropping of linseed, 1 row chickpea: 1 row linseed, 2 rows chickpea: 2 rows linseed, 4 rows chickpea: 2 rows linseed, 2 rows chickpea: 4 rows linseed and four fertilizer sources: control (without fertilizer; Control), 100% chemical fertilizers (NPK), biofertilizers (Azoto Barvar1+ Phosphate Barvar2+ PotaBarvar2+ Sulfur Barvar1) and vermicompost (10 t.ha-1).  Results showed that the effect of intercropping patterns and fertilizer sources on seed yield, biological yield, oil content and oil yield of lineseed and seed yield, biological yield, number of nodules and protein content of chickpea were significant. The highest seed yield of both species was obtained from sole cropping (linseed 945 and chicpea 629 kg.ha-1), but the mean seed yield of each crop in the same unit area was higher than sole cropping (linseed 161.5 and chickpea 128.5 kg.ha-1). The oil content of linseed (6.6%) and protein content of chickpea seed (20.2%) were higher in intercropping compared to sole cropping. Fertilizer resources, especially vermicompost, increased the plant traits of both species compared to control. The maximum LER (1.55) was obtained from 4 rows of chickpea + 2 rows of linseed in control (without fertilizer application) treatment that means 55% of profitability of intercropping compared to sole cropping. According to the objectives of sustainable agriculture concerning elimination in chemical inputs application, intercropping pattern of 4 rows of chickpea + 2 rows of linseed, without fertilizer application, was more suitable in this experiment.

Since the importance of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has previously been established, the therapeutic effects of various natural antioxidant agents or synthetic drugs have so far been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of curcumin (a natural polyphenol) and metformin (a common therapeutic medicine for type 2 diabetes) on oxidative status in kidney of type 1 diabetic rats. In this experimental study 60 male Wistar rats were divided into 10 groups. Type 1 diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Rats received chow diet and treated with either normal saline in control (N) and diabetic control (D) groups or different doses of metformin (Met) (300 or 500 mg/kg body weight) or curcumin (Cur) (50 or 150 mg/kg body weight) in N+Met300, N+Met500, N+Cur50, N+Cur150, D+Met300, D+Met500, D+Cur50, and D+Cur150 groups. Urinary creatinine, urea, and protein were measured. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase were assessed in kidney tissues. Both metformin and curcumin showed significant effects on urinary creatinine, urea, and protein levels (P value for all was <0.001). Unlike metformin, curcumin completely restored TAC and TOS (P<0.001), and MDA (P=0.012) in kidney tissues and significantly recovered the activities of SOD (P= 0.003), GPx (P< 0.001), and catalase (P=0.011). Curcumin was found more effective than metformin in attenuating oxidative status in DN.

Induced oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus (DM) plays a critical role in insulin resistance. Fork head-related transcription factor (FOXO) proteins are important transcriptional factors involved in oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol with hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties. The aims of the present study were to examine the effects of RSV on FOXO gene expression, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, insulin level, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were used in this study. DM was induced in rats (n=24) using streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide; then, they were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Six untreated normal rats were used as normal control group; diabetic rats in groups 2 to 5 were treated with 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg /kg body weight of RSV, respectively for 30 days. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed, their sera were separated, and adipose tissues were obtained and stored at −80 °C. Serum glucose and SOD activity levels were determined biochemically, and serum insulin level was determined by ELISA method. Gere expression in FOXO1 and FOXO3a in adipose tissue was evaluated using real‐time PCR. Results indicated that RSV significantly reduced blood glucose level, increased insulin level and improved insulin sensitivity. RSV resulted in an increased serum SOD activity and caused decreased FOXO1 and FOXO3a expression in adipose tissue of rats with T2DM. Therefore, by attenuation of FOXO expression in adipose tissue of T2DM rats, RSV showed a hypoglycemic potential and antioxidant properties, and consequently ameliorated insulin resistance.

Zinc is part of the antioxidant system, so zinc deficiency impairs the body's antioxidant defense system and leads to increased oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc oxide on the antioxidant status in rat.
Twenty-five male Wistar rats of 5-8 weeks’ old were divided into five groups of five animals each. Next, during the following 10 days, four groups (1-4) of the rats were exposed to different doses: 50, 00, 150 and 200 mg/kg of zinc oxide (ZnO) as the intraperitoneal injection; and, group 5 was considered as the control group. After this stage, 2 ml blood was collected from the jugular vein of the rats and oxidant and antioxidant parameters containing glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were assayed.
Activity of SOD increased significantly in the groups treated with different doses of ZnO (P The results of this study showed that the used concentrations of ZnO increased significantly SOD and TOS and reduced insignificantly GPX compared to the control group which can be a marker of oxidative stress induction.

AIDs is disease that can to have various psychological problems. However, reality therapy is amongst therapies that were used for treatment of behavioral disease patients. So, the aim of present study was determinant of effectiveness of reality therapy on reduce of anxiety and increase of hope in patient with HIV-positive refereed to the disease behavioral center Shemiran’s Health Network.
The study Done Semi experimental in partnership with population the patient with HIV-positive refereed to the disease behavioral center Shemiran’s Health Network that their anxiety range is middle anxiety (22 and above) and upper who in this population. 30 individual was selected by voluntary available sampling and were replaced randomly 15 individual in experimental group and control group. The experimental group was received reality therapy during 10 sessions and per week one session, but control group wasn’t received any intervention. Both experimental group and control group was collated to the Miller Hope Questionnaire and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Collected data were analyzed used covariance analysis (ANCOVA) and by SPSS-16.
The mean (SD) of participants age in experimental group equal to were 38.9 (6.9) and in control group equal to were 39.5 (5.2). The mean (SD) of anxiety of pretest in experimental group(16.5 (7.5)) was lower than control group(24.0 (2.8); p The Study showed Reality Therapy Training had effects on reduce of anxiety and increase of hope patient with HIV-positive in experimental group.

Visfatin and vaspin are secreted by adipose tissue and play key roles in glucose homeostasis and subsequently are potential targets for diabetes treatment. Resveratrol (RVS) corrects insulin secretion and improves insulin sensitivity. We investigated the RVS effects on serum antioxidants, insulin and glucose levels, also visfatin and vaspin genes expression in adipose tissue of streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats (n=32) using STZ (60 mg/kg body weight) and NA (120 mg/kg body weight); rats were divided into 4 groups (n=8). Eight untreated normal rats were used as control group; four diabetic rat groups (2–5) were treated with 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg /kg body weight of RVS, respectively for 30 days. After treatment blood and adipose tissue were prepared from all animals. Serum glucose, insulin, HOMA index, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Visfatin and vaspin genes expression in adipose tissue were evaluated using real-time PCR. RVS reduced blood glucose significantly and increased insulin level, resulting in insulin sensitivity improvement. Furthermore RVS increased weight and TAC, while reducing serum MDA in the diabetic groups. Visfatin gene expression increased in the diabetic group, and RVS treatment reduced it. Vaspin gene expression was reduced in RVS receiving diabetic groups. The results indicated that RVS has potential hypoglycemic effect, probably by increasing insulin level and changing gene expression of visfatin and vaspin. Moreover RVS showed antioxidant effects through reduction in peroxidiation products and augmented antioxidant capacity.

Glucose uptake by muscles and fat cells is carried out by the GLUT4 system. Isoforms of the SNAP23, syntaxin-4 and VAMP-2 play an important role in regulating GLUT-4 trafficking and fusion in adipocytes. The changes of SNARE proteins levels and thus impaired GLUT-4 displacement can be one of the etiological causes of type 2 diabetes.Due to changes in the expression of these proteins in diabetes, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the natural compound resveratrol with anti-diabetic properties on impaired expression of SNARE proteins in type 2 diabetes. Forty male Wistar rats were used in this study. Type 2 diabetes was induced by administering a single dose of streptozotocin and nicotinamide. The expression of SNAP-23, syntaxin-4 and VAMP-2 proteins were assessed using real-time qRT-PCR. Also, some biochemical parameters were examined, including fasting blood glucose, insulin levels and insulin resistance. The results of this study showed that, resveratrol supplementation increased blood insulin level, reduced the fasting blood glucose, and improved the insulin resistance. In addition, resveratrol supplementation increased the expression of SNAP-23, syntaxin-4 and VAMP-2 proteins that involved in GLUT-4 transport in adipose tissue of diabetic rats. Final results showed that SNARE proteins expression is significantly reduced in diabetic rats and treatment with resveratrol supplementation is associated with the increased expression of these proteins.

Millions of people in the world have diabetes mellitus and its prevalence is growing. Oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) play key role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. New and safe strategies of remedy are needed for this disease.. We hypothesized that resveratrol may exert a renal protective effect on diabetic rats.. Male rats with diabetes were treated with or without resveratrol as 1, 5, 10 mg/kg of body weight for 30 days. The total AGEs and malondialdehyde levels in kidney tissues were determined by spectrofluorimetric method and the insulin level was assayed using ELISA. The total antioxidant capacity contents in kidney and the glucose in plasma were measured by a colorimetric assay. The expression of RAGE was assayed in kidneys of all animals using quantitative PCR.. In resveratrol-treated rats with diabetes, malondialdehyde levels, plasma glucose and expression of RAGE were significantly reduced compared with the untreated group. Moreover, the total antioxidant and insulin levels significantly increased in treated rats. There was no significant difference in the AGEs contents among all the groups.. These results revealed that resveratrol has beneficial effects on kidney by extenuating the oxidative stress and down-regulation of RAGE expression..