somayeh pourehsan

The present study aimed to design a scale for Modara based on Islamic teachings and investigate the factor structure, validity, and reliability of that. The research method was qualitative-quantitative (sequential exploratory). 320 subjects who were studying in Mashhad universities in the academic year 2020-2021 were selected by the Stratified random sampling method. Research instruments included the Modara scale, The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Resilience Scale. The content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were 0.84 and 0.82 respectively. Guttman's reliability coefficient of 0.84 also indicates good reliability for this scale and Cronbach's alpha for the Modara scale was 0.76. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors for the Modara scale: Tolerant behavior, Mild Forgiveness, and Wise guidance. Confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the fit of the three-factor structure of the model. Furthermore, there was a significant and negative correlation between all subscales and the total score of the Modara scale with all subscales and the total score of the DASS and there was also a significant and positive correlation between the total score of the Modara scale with the score of the Resilience scale.Therefore, Modara as an interpersonal skill can be considered in life skills training programs and increase the level of social health in society.

The present study aimed to develop the Economic-Psychological Resilience Scale (EPRS) and evaluate its psychometric properties. To this end, a descriptive research method was used. The research population included all Kerman employed citizens in 2019. For this purpose, the items related to individual economic resilience were developed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Then, after preliminary reviews and content validation by experts in the field of economics and psychology, the scale was piloted on a sample of 30 individuals, and the final version of the scale was constructed. The Resilience Scale, the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire, and the Economic-Psychological Resilience Scale (EPRS) were administered to a sample of 384 persons who were selected using convenient sampling from different regions.

The results of the exploratory factor analysis of the developed scale showed the three-factor model consisted of three factors including problem analysis, self-efficacy, adaptability, and flexibility. AMOS software was used to confirm the construct validity of the model, and the results showed the appropriate fit of the second-order one-factor model. The analysis of the reliability and validity indexes of the scale shows that the scale has acceptable reliability and validity.

Given the acceptable reliability and validity indices of this scale, it can be used in related research areas.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between personality traits and job satisfaction in teachers in Baft city. The statistical population of this study included all teachers in Baft city, Kerman province, from which 320 teachers were selected as the sample by available sampling method. Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnair, NEO Short Form and Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed, structural equation modeling and bootstrap method to test the intermediate paths. Based on the results of the present study, the proposed research model has a good fit. The results indicate that neuroticism has a significant decreasing (inverse) relationship but openness to experience and agreement has a significant increasing (direct) relationship with job satisfaction. Resilience has a significant increase (direct) relationship with job satisfaction. Neuroticism has a significant decreasing (inverse) relationship with resilience, while extroversion-introversion and conscientiousness have a significant decreasing (direct) relationship with resilience. Neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness have a direct indirect relationship with resilience and a significant indirect relationship with job satisfaction through resilience. Therefore, it can be concluded that resilience has a mediating role between some personality traits with teachers 'job satisfaction and decision makers in the field of education should pay attention to the role of this variable in teachers' job satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to identify teachers' organizational citizenship behavior and construction and validation of a questionnaire for teachers' organizational citizenship behavior to assess them. The research method is descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study includes all secondary education teachers (districts 1 and 2) during the 1399-1400 school year in Kerman city .Sampling method was available in this study that in the preliminary implementation of the sample size of 30 people and in the final implementation of 384 teachers were selected as the sample size.To collect the data, teachers' organizational citizenship behavior questionnaires developed by the researchers of the present study (including 35 questions and 5 dimensions), organizational bullying of Inerson et al. (2009) and organizational citizenship behavior of Padsakov et al. (1990) were used. Research data were used through descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The overall reliability of the questionnaire was 0.95 using Cronbach's alpha method. . In the present study, content and structural validity were used to assess the validity of the questionnaire, and the results showed that all items of the questionnaire had high validity. As a result, all items of the questionnaire measure the teachers' organizational citizenship behavior, and the questionnaire has significant reliability and validity and can be used to measure the teachers' organizational citizenship behavior.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of positive group training on distress tolerance and coping strategies in adolescent girls in foster care in Tehran, Iran. This study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control and follow-up group. Among 85 girls in the foster care center, 30 girls between the ages of 12-17 were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 in each group). The instruments used in this study included Distress Tolerance Scale, Coping Strategies Questionnaire, and Positive Training Protocol. First, all subjects were pre-tested, and then the experimental group started a positive group training during eight two-hour sessions, but no intervention was performed on the control group. At the end of the intervention, both groups were compared by post-test. Also, to follow up, both groups answered the mentioned questionnaires after two months. Multivariate analysis of covariance with repeated measures was used to analyze the statistical data. The multivariate analysis of covariance results with repeated measures showed a significant effect of positive attitude training on increasing anxiety tolerance and coping strategies compared with the control group in nodules of homeless adolescent girls. There was also a significant difference between the two groups in the follow-up stage using a multivariate analysis of covariance. Also, the results showed stability in the follow-up phase between the two groups.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and coping styles with academic burnout: the mediating role of academic procrastination in female high school students in Kerman. The research is a correlational design and the sample group was 498 students of arithmetic and God-fearing schools in the academic year of 2019-2020 who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The tools used in this study included Maslash burnout list (2002), Andler and Parker stress coping style list (1990), Neo personality traits list (1992), and Solomon and Roth Bloom's list of academic procrastination (1994). Indirect path of personality traits (extraversion / introversion (-0/31), neuroticism (0/301), openness to experience (-0/25), adaptation (-0/23), conscientiousness (-0/21)) is significant through academic procrastination on burnout plus the indirect path of style (p<0/001). Coping with stress (problem-oriented (-0/32), emotion-driven (0/30), social engagement, and distraction (-0/19)) is significant through academic procrastination on burnout (p<0/001). Therefore, since people use stress coping styles according to their personality traits and characteristics, teaching stress coping strategies and skills to people with personality traits (extroversion, introversion). Neuroticism, conscientiousness and adaptation and openness to experience) in addition to reducing academic procrastination is also effective in reducing academic burnout.

Psychologists believe that a person's behavior is influenced by environmental, personality and emotional factors, and personality factors are the same personality traits that cause a series of behaviors in the person, in the policy book of Khajeh Nizam-ol-Molk Many things have been said about the characteristics and behaviors that an Islamic ruler should have. The present study examines the comparative political psychology in the policy of Khajeh Nizam-ol-Molk. The main question of this research is what are the dominant personality traits from the point of view of Khajeh Nizam-ol-Molk and is it comparable to Katl's 16-factor theory of personality? In the present article, an attempt has been made to answer this question using library studies and content analysis methods. Findings from the research indicate that in Khajeh Nizam-ol-Molk's thinking, the characteristics of the ruling personality based on theme analysis eventually led to 6 comprehensive themes (extraversion, emotional stability, intelligence, courage, conscience and trust) and its comparison results. Cattell's 16-factor theory showed that the structural themes of this study correspond to 9 of the 16 factors (factors A, B, C, E, G, H, I, N, Q3) and personality traits can be The ruler based on the policy of Khajeh explained the system with these factors.Keywords: Thematic Analysis , Cattell’s Personality Theory, Nizam al-Mulk Tusi, Political Psychology, Siyāsatnāmeh,Islami management, Political psychology

Nahj al-Balagha is one of the important moral books from the perspective of Shiites in Islam. The present study focused on the construction and psychometric validation of the psycho-political feeling security scale based on Nahj al-Balagha. Accordingly, the qualitative method of content analysis of Nahj al-Balagha was primarily employed to extract the components related to the psychological and political areas of security. After determining the items associated with these components, the experts approved their face and content validities to construct the scale.  The whole scale was implemented on a sample of 400 university students after item correction to validate its psychometric properties. According to the results, the scale had reliabilities of 0.85 and 0.96 with the retest method and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Besides, the results of the factor analysis showed the first-order two-factor structure. Overall, the results of both exploratory and confirmatory factors indicated two explicit factors of political and psychological security. Ultimately, it can be concluded that this scale, with emphasis on Nahj al-Balagha, is a valid Islamic scale to measure the individual's feelings about political and psychological security in various studies.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between economic resilience and age and psychological well-being with the mediating role of optimism in COVID-19 epidemic in small and medium-sized businesses. The methodology was correlational using structural equations. To this end, 230 people with small businesses in Kerman were selected using purposeful non-random sampling method. They answered the questionnaires of economic resilience, optimism, and psychological well-being. The data were analyzed by path analysis using Amos and SPSS. The findings showed that economic resilience not only directly affected psychological well-being, but it also indirectly affects peoplechr('39')s psychological well-being in COVID-19 epidemic through influencing optimism. Moreover, it was found that age had an indirect effect on psychological well-being and the model had a good fit. According to the findings, it can be concluded that in the situation of COVID-19 epidemic, optimism plays a mediating role in the relationship between economic resilience, age, and psychological well-being.

The aim of the current research was to study of validity and reliability of shifting component tasks of executive functions. This research was descriptive-analytical by survey method. The statistical population of the study included normal people from 16 to 60 years old and people with various clinical disorders from the city of Kerman. Among them, using the non-random quota sampling method in the pilot phase, 100 individuals were preliminarily, 406 normal people and 74 people with schizophrenia, major depression, brain injury and Alzheimer's Were examined as a sample size. Participants performed Shifting component tasks including three subscales of Color-Shape, Category Switch and Number-Letter. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, different types of validity and reliability and MANOVA. The results showed that the shifting component tasks have acceptable validity and reliability and there is a significant difference between the scores of normal people and the scores of people with clinical disorders. Therefore, this tasks can well assess the ability to Shifting and differentiate between the performance of normal people and people with clinical disorders and be used in diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and talent identification.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-based training on social self-efficacy, distress tolerance, and self-criticism in adolescent girls under the supervision of the Welfare Organization. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, and control group. The sample consisted of 30 adolescent girls aged 14 to 18 years old who were under the supervision of the Kerman Welfare Organization. They were selected by available sampling and assigned to the experimental and control groups(15 people in each group). The experimental group received compassion-focused training intervention (8 sessions of 90 minutes), while the control group received no training. At the end of training sessions, post-test, and two months after that, follow-up was conducted. Connolly Adolescent Social Self-efficacy Questionnaire, the Simons and Gaher DistressTolerance Questionnaire, and the Thompson & zuroff Self-Criticism Questionnaire were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. The results showed that compassion-focused training significantly affected social self-efficacy, distress tolerance, and self-criticism. This effect also continued in the follow-up. Based on the findings, compassion- focused training can be used as a suitable treatment option to improve social self-efficacy, distress tolerance, and reducing self-criticism.

The present study aims to determine the effectiveness of Lego social training educational packages on moral judgment, social skills and creativity of the second-grade students of primary school in Yazd city. All of the second-grade students in primary schools of Yazd that were under education in 1397 – 1398 were included in the statistical population, which counted up to 1500 students. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design with experimental and control groups. For this purpose, 30 female second grade primary school students in Yazd city were chosen, using multi-stage cluster sampling method, and in the last cluster, students were selected by simple random sampling method and were divided into two experimental (15 people) and control groups (15 people). Data collection tools were a questionnaire of moral judgment, social skills, and creativity. Lego training was conducted in twelve 60-minute sessions by the researcher in the experimental group. The results show that the Lego social training education is effective on moral judgment, social skills, and creativity of second grade students in Yazd primary schools, and has increased moral judgment, social skills and creativity and its dimensions (initiative, fluidity, expansion and flexibility). The results show that after Lego social training teachings in the experimental group, a significant increase in students' moral judgment and social skills compared to the control group was Considered. As a result, it can be said that social teachings by Lego, affect the moral judgment and social skills of students.

The present study aimed to develop attitude toward drug scale and to evaluate its validity and reliability among students.

The present research was descriptive-survey of tool development type. The statistical population of the present study included all the students at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2018-2019. Among them, 400 individuals were selected using quota sampling method. The development of the scale was performed in two preliminary and final stages. After a preliminary evaluation of the scale on 50 individuals and the removal of items that had an inappropriate clean coefficient and difficulty, the final scale of attitudes toward drug and the questionnaire to identify people at risk for addiction were completed. The factor structure of the attitude toward drug scale was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Also, the reliability of the scale was evaluated using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha. The data were analyzed using SPSS-22 and Amos-24 software.

The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale had a three-factor structure (cognitive, emotional and behavioral factors) with an appropriate fit. Reliability using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha for the total scale was 0.86 and for its cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors were 0.70, 0.73, and 0.69 respectively, showing good internal consistency. Also, the appropriate convergent validity of the scale confirmed the scale validity.

The attitude toward drug scale is a valid and reliable tool among students and can be used as a screening tool to assess students at risk for addiction.

The main goal of this research was to apply the multi-level in determining the role of metacognitive components associated with drug abuse among adolescents of Kerman Province. The method used in this research was correlation type. In order to conduct this research 1000 school students of Kerman Province have been selected by using multistage cluster sampling method. For data collection in this research, ZARGAR drug addiction preparation Questionnaire and Wels’s Metacognitive Questionnaire (MCQ30) have been used. The results of multi-level approach using One-way random effects Anova showed that the four components (positive beliefs about worries, negative beliefs about worries, low cognitive trust and cognitive self-awareness) explained about 49% of the variance of addiction tendency at school level. Moreover, the random intercept model explained 12% of the student-level variance of drug abuse tendency. Here, the significance of qi-square with the value of 37.983 at the significant level (P <0.0001) reflects the significant change of the null model and model 1. In response to the question that how much the relationship between the tendency to drug abuse and student-level components is similar among schools, a comprehensive model with both student-level and school-level variables (model 2) was used. In model 2, the results showed that at the school level, the mean of positive beliefs and cognitive self-awareness about drug abuse tendency have a significant relationship, but the mean of cognitive trust and negative beliefs has not a significant relationship with the tendency to drug abuse. At the students level, there is a significant relationship between cognitive trust and negative beliefs with drug abuse tendency (P <0.01). In total, it can be said that for variables related to samples with a nesting nature, it is necessary to use all levels in data analysis.

this research was done with the aim of predicting social intimacy based on spiritual intelligence with the mediator role of informational identity style in university students.
this research is descriptive- correlational. The population of this research is all of the students of medical science of Kerman University in the academic year of 1395-6. The sample was 300 students which were elected by the cluster sampling. For collecting the data social intimacy questionnaire of Miller (MSIS), spiritual intelligence questionnaire (SISIR), and identity style of Berzonsky (ISI) were used. Data was analyzed by the 22nd version of SPSS and AMOS. Furthermore, Path ways from statistical significance level of