somayye khariarani

The aim of the present study was to examine the teaching of philosophy and its role in the creativity and artistic thinking of upper elementary students. The research approach was quantitative, and the research method was quasi-experimental, including pre-test, post-test, and control group. The statistical population included all sixth-grade female students in District 4 of Qom city who were studying in the academic year 1402-1401. The statistical sample consisted of two classes: one class taught using a specific method (experimental group: 30 students) and another class taught using traditional methods (control group: 30 students), subjected to the Shapiro–Wilk and Levene's tests. Convenience sampling was used to select the statistical sample. Research data were analyzed at both descriptive and inferential levels using SPSS software version 23. The results showed that teaching philosophy in upper elementary schools led to the improvement of three dimensions of artistic creativity, namely curiosity and courage, modeling and ideation, and students' innovation. However, no such effect was observed for the dimension of imagination and aesthetics. Additionally, the levels of students' artistic thinking dimensions, including artistic precision, artistic questioning, self-expression and artistic attitude, utilization of imagination, innovation, and artistic creativity, were enhanced following philosophy instruction. The results of the main hypothesis test indicated that teaching philosophy in upper elementary schools leads to the improvement of students' creativity and artistic thinking.

The semantic principles are one of the effective principles in the interpretation of the Holy Quran, which determines how to understand the meaning of God from the text of his words with the development and expansion of linguistic issues, the need to organize the linguistic and semantic foundations of the Qur'an is most evident. One of the interpretations in this field is the interpretation of Mafatih al-Ghayb Razi. The origin of this commentator's thoughts is Ash'ari theology, so that the influence of this theological attitude - mixed with critical views - is evident in his interpretation. The most important semantic principles of Razi in interpretation include: setting the word for the soul of meaning, allegorical and symbolic attitude to the verses, being effective in understanding the verses or words from the theological principles and interpretability of the verses of the Qur'an. The views of this commentator are criticized. Among his views in the analysis of the issue of human free will and will that is influenced by the words is one of the categories worthy of criticism. He believes that the will of God belongs to all human actions, including good and evil, while some consider the belonging of God's will to evil including disbelief and sin to require retribution. In similar verses, he sometimes interprets in such a way that his interpretations are unregulated and not seemingly documented. the most important semantic principles of Razi in interpretation are criticized and analyzed by the method of content analysis.

The interpretation of Al-Quran Al-Azim by Ibn Kathir is one of the narrative interpretations of the 8th century which is influenced by Tabari's Jame-Albayan interpretations and also interpretive principles of Ibn Timie. Grounds for forming this interpretation and bases of this interpretation on the one hand, and on the other hand interpretive methods of the exegetist have given superior features to this interpretation and made it uitable to research; especially when we compare it with interpretations such as those by Safi Feyze Kashanis, which is on the basis of Hadith based approach by Shiite scholars in eleventh and twelfth centuries followed by interpretation development in these two centuries. The question which is raised in here is that: Which interpretive method have Feyz-e Kashani and Ibn Kathir followed in their own interpretations ? To respond the question we should say that the interpretive method of Ibn Kasthir is Quran to Quran and Quran to custom on the basis of sunna narrative sources and Feyz-e Kashanis, method is combined whit inferior paraphrases based on Shiites, narrative sources.