vahid bigdeli rad

Abstract Paying attention to renewable energy sources that are a suitable alternative to non-renewable fossil fuels. It has caused societies to move towards energies such as solar energy. The purpose of this research is to locate the potential areas for the construction of a solar power plant in Tonekabon. The type of research is applied and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the statistical research community of 30 experts and, 28 experts was selected as a statistical sample using Cochran's formula. Information collection methods include; Questionnaire, field observation and documentary studies and the information analysis method in the solar power plant location is the IHWP (Inversion Hierarchical Weight Process) in GIS and in the ranking of final solar power plant construction, the MARCOS (Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution) is in Excel. The results of the research show that 26% of the city's area is in the very unsuitable area, 23% in the unsuitable area, 20% in the relatively suitable area, 20% in the suitable area and 11% in the completely suitable area, which is mostly in the central part of the city. Also, the neighborhood of Islamabad has more talent in building a solar power plant. Islamabad neighborhood with 72.88% in the central area and Shiroudi neighborhood with 27.11% more in the southern has a favorable area for the construction of a solar power plant. Identification code 54 in Shiroudi neighborhood is in the first ranking, identification code 26 and 27 (Islamabad neighborhood) is in the second ranking, identification code 57 (Shiroudi neighborhood) is in the third ranking, identification code 50 and 51 (Islamabad neighborhood) is in the fourth ranking, code Identification 1 and 2 (Islamabad neighborhood) are in the fifth ranking and identification code 10 (Shiroudi neighborhood) is in the sixth ranking.

Redefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability and more flexibility for cities against human and inhuman stresses and events in a way that re-evaluates a city in such a way that it is prepared in times of crisis. In this research, multi-criteria decision making models and ANP and AHP models with fuzzy approach have been used to identify the relationships and determine the priorities of the current research criteria. To analyze the data obtained from the Excel analysis and coding software.Redefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability and more flexibility for cities against human and inhuman stresses and events in a way that re-evaluates a city in such a way that it is prepared in times of crisis. In this research, multi-criteria decision making models and ANP and AHP models with fuzzy approach have been used to identify the relationships and determine the priorities of the current research criteria. To analyze the data obtained from the Excel analysis and coding softwareRedefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability and more flexibility for cities against human and inhuman stresses and events in a way that re-evaluates a city in such a way that it is prepared in times of crisis. In this research, multi-criteria decision making models and ANP and AHP models with fuzzy approach have been used to identify the relationships and determine the priorities of the current research criteria. To analyze the data obtained from the Excel analysis and coding softwareRedefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability and more flexibility for cities against human and inhuman stresses and events in a way that re-evaluates a city in such a way that it is prepared in times of crisis. In this research, multi-criteria decision making models and ANP and AHP models with fuzzy approach have been used to identify the relationships and determine the priorities of the current research criteria. To analyze the data obtained from the Excel analysis and coding softwareRedefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability and more flexibility for cities against human and inhuman stresses and events in a way that re-evaluates a city in such a way that it is prepared in times of crisis. In this research, multi-criteria decision making models and ANP and AHP models with fuzzy approach have been used to identify the relationships and determine the priorities of the current research criteria. To analyze the data obtained from the Excel analysis and coding softwareRedefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces Redefining and re-evaluating the resilience of health and medical use spaces is a new concept whose main approach is less vulnerability

Population growth and high energy consumption in buildings have prompted a need for urban space, infrastructure, and transportation networks to incorporate environmental protection measures and mitigate related challenges. This has led to the integration of renewable energy considerations into urban planning and design, necessitating changes in the physical and spatial layout of cities. The interrelationships among various components and form parameters of urban blocks—such as density, orientation, building facades, transportation access, climate, and land use—are increasingly important, especially in coastal cities. Additionally, the adoption of new technologies is gaining emphasis in contemporary society. The purpose of this study is to analyze and examine the indicators of urban form that influence the effective use of renewable energies in coastal cities, with a specific focus on Tonekabon. Information was gathered through documentary research, surveys, field observations, and library studies. Using content analysis, the study highlights the importance and role of each urban form component suitable for coastal areas and their impact on renewable energy efficiency. It also reviews the intellectual foundations and various research efforts related to urban form and energy, while identifying challenges faced by researchers in this domain. Employing a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and complex proportional assessment (COPRAS), the study evaluates the effectiveness of different urban form indicators on the efficiency of solar, wind, and sea wave energies, prioritizing them accordingly. The central research question addresses which type of renewable energy is most effective in coastal cities, particularly in Tonekabon. Findings indicate that a thorough assessment of urban form and climate indicators reveals solar energy as the most efficient, followed by wind and sea wave energies.

Uncontrolled urban developments threaten the livability of cities by creating numerous economic, and social problems. Urban divisions, which were called Mahalleh (traditional neighborhood) in Iran in the past, have lost their function. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to present a model of development according to the dimensions of the traditional neighborhood and modernized with the needs and desires of the residents of today's cities. Previous studies on Mahaleh and local planning issues were reviewed, and the innovation of the current research is that it focuses on different dimensions of development. Also, the characteristics of Mahaleh in the countries of Iran, Morocco, and Turkey were investigated, and after extracting the variables of traditional neighborhood with method of content analysis and modernizing it, a new model for the development of the contemporary city was presented. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The method used is the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. The components extracted from Mahaleh in the countries of Iran, Turkey and Morocco were proposed in the form of a questionnaire consisting of 56 questions, and the opinion of professionals and urban specialists was asked, and non-probability sampling of the targeted model was used. Also, the proposed model was evaluated by PLS software. And finally, due to the meaningfulness of the relationships between the variables, the proposed model is confirmed simultaneous attention to environmental, physical, economic and social dimentions in planning urban division will advance to local development, and after comparing the results extracted from the current research, environmental and economic variables are more complete than other models presented in previous researches.

Historical interpretation of architectural patterns in Niasser housing with emphasis on green spaces. Historical interpretation of architectural patterns in Niasser housing with emphasis on green spaces.Historical interpretation of architectural patterns in Niasser housing with emphasis on green spaces.Historical interpretation of architectural patterns in Niasser housing with emphasis on green spaces. Historical interpretation of architectural patterns in Niasser housing with emphasis on green spaces. Historical interpretation of architectural patterns in Niasser housing with emphasis on green spaces. Historical interpretation of architectural patterns in Niasser housing with emphasis on green spaces. Historical interpretation of architectural patterns in Niasser housing with emphasis on green spaces. Historical interpretation of architectural patterns in Niasser housing with emphasis on green spaces. Historical interpretation of architectural patterns in Niasser housing with emphasis on green spaces. Historical interpretation of architectural patterns in Niasser housing with emphasis on green spaces. Historical interpretation of architectural patterns in Niasser housing with emphasis on green spaces.

Tourism is a key economic sector all over the world that creates a great lever for local economic development, but at the same time, it also imposes significant environmental pressures on local natural resources. Meanwhile, ecotourism (nature-oriented tourism) can be a suitable alternative to traditional tourism to minimize the effects on the ecosystem. On the other hand, the concept of capacity or power is born from ecological knowledge and is based on the principle that there is always a limit to the growth of biological populations. One of the most important sources of attracting tourists is the natural potential in each region, which has the highest demand in the tourism industry. In this regard, recognizing each region's capabilities is introduced as a necessity to create sustainable tourism. It is said that the sustainable tourism approach provides higher-quality tourist services and can improve the quality of life for residents. Therefore, sustainable ecotourism development criteria and indicators in each region are known and recommended as an important tool for tourism management. Therefore, attracting tourists and managing them based on the principles of sustainable development requires the adoption of correct management strategies in each region. Therefore, sustainable ecotourism development criteria and indicators in each region are known and recommended as an important tool for tourism management. Therefore, the development of sustainable ecotourism requires special attention to the ecological capacity of the regions and the identification of criteria, detailed planning and finally monitoring tools. The main question of the present research is, what are the most important sustainability criteria of ecotourism with emphasis on the power of ecology according to their degree of importance? In this regard, the most important factors are extracted using the meta-analysis of the available sources and then prioritized using the fuzzy Delphi method. In the first stage, the existing opinions are based and analyzed using the seven-step technique of Sandlowski and Barroso (2007), which is a structured model for qualitative text analysis and extracting concepts, and the tables of the Critical Assessment Skills Program (CASP). to be In the second stage, the most important ranking of the factors is determined by using the experts' questionnaire and the fuzzy Delphi method. The results show that the environmental criterion with a weight of 0.01499800 is in the first place, the economic and indicative-management (institutional) criterion with a weight of 0.01487002 is in the second place, and the socio-cultural criterion is in the third place with a weight of 0.01398003, and finally, the technology criterion is with a weight of 0.013482002. The criteria are ranked fourth. Also, 10 of the most important sustainability indicators of ecotourism with emphasis on ecological power in the Anzali Free Trade Zone are weather conditions, economic power, natural landscapes, natural potentials, sustainable water supply, economic growth, environmental quality, green tourism, tourism capacity and safety (environmental and human crises). Finally, some suggestions are presented regarding the research topic, including that ecotourism can be established in various areas and not only in protected natural areas. In addition to preserving the ecology of the regions, this issue can also use the maximum ecological capacity of diverse regions and reduce the concentration of tourists in one region.

Social capital plays an important role in shaping social cohesion, reducing deprivation, improving the performance of inefficient government institutions, improving urban governance, and protecting local culture against social difficulties. In the formation of creative urban areas, social capital is crucial for strengthening relationships among residents, utilizing the talents and hidden capacities of citizens to achieve a better future in urban development projects. This article analyzes the effects of social capital indicators on the creation of a creative urban district in Tehran's District 11. Descriptive and analytical methods were used to discover relationships between variables and examine the impact of social capital indicators. The necessary data was collected from credible library, document, electronic resources, theses, and reputable articles. The results indicate that the social participation factor is one of the most important social capital indicators due to its greater impact, and the social cohesion criterion has the highest importance in the first priority. Furthermore, the social environment factor is one of the most sensitive social capital indicators due to its greater susceptibility than other factors and its negative D-R vector. These results can help urban planners and policy makers make decisions related to urban development and the creation of creative urban areas, as well as individuals and organizations involved in urban development.

This research looks more closely at social cohesion as an achievement of urban neighborhoods. There was a high level of social cohesion in the traditional neighborhood, but the human extent of social cohesion varied from country to country. It is important to pay attention to how many people we mean by cohesion, connection and unity and what we are moving towards. Thus, by examining the traditional neighborhood in Iran, Turkey and Morocco, an attempt has been made to examine three different types of Iranian-Islamic neighborhood in order to evaluate and compare social cohesion, its type and its extent. The method used in this research was qualitative content analysis, comparative analogy of texts and also hidden observation in the case studies. First, by defining the purpose and main questions of the research, various texts about social cohesion have been studied. One of the stages of content analysis in this research is preparing for analysis, organizing and finally reporting the results. The results show that Social cohesion in Turkey occurs from neighboring neighborhoods, in Iran as a neighborhood, and in Morocco as an alley. Also, the local passage in the Turkish, Iranian neighborhoods and Derb, as the main structure of the neighborhood in Morocco, has led to the connection of the houses with the street, which has had a direct impact on social cohesion. The idea of having a joint between two Turkish neighborhoods which leads to the connection of adjacent neighborhoods.

This research examines the livability of the existing neighborhoods of the central district of Rasht city and studies its features and characteristics and deals with the regular and systematic description of its current situation and explains the reasons for how and why the problem situation and its dimensions. the research method is based on the purpose of the practical and on the causal nature. Using extensive library and field studies,the general aim of the research is to identify and analyze the existing livability of the neighborhoods in the central part of Rasht city and to understand the causes, processes and areas affecting the livability and the improvement of spatial and physical structure.Based on the inhabitants questionnaire with analyzing by one-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's post hoc test, and Friedman's test by SPSS software, the mean value of the four dimensions, the livability of the neighborhoods in the central district of Rasht city is lower than the assumed mean. The social dimension with an mean of 2.46 has a more favorable state of livability and the environmental dimension with an mean of 2.08 has a more critical situation than other dimensions. Therefore, the livability of the neighborhoods in the central district of Rasht are considered unfavorable. In terms of overall livability, Rodbartan neighborhood is the most unfavorable with an mean of 2.07 and Chelekhane neighborhood is the most desirable with an mean of 2.78. The Friedman test comparing the average ratings of livability dimensions shows that the highest mean rating (3.90) is assigned to the physical spatial dimension and the lowest mean rating (1.30) is assigned to the environmental dimension affecting livability.

The health system plays a crucial role in responding to pandemics caused by emerging and re-emerging infectious agents. It is a complex system encompassing political, economic, social, and environmental components. Coordination among the health system, its sub-systems, and the broader ecosystem is essential to achieve desired outcomes. Addressing biological threats, economic and social shocks, natural disasters, and conflicts is a key task of the health system and its subsets. A successful health system is one that can adapt and evolve in response to changing needs. Strategies to enhance the resilience of the health system in dealing with acute, sudden, and severe shocks differ from those needed to address well-known chronic challenges such as an aging population.The concept of resilience in health and treatment facilities is relatively new, aiming to reduce vulnerability and increase adaptability to human and non-human pressures and unforeseen events, enabling swift responses to changing circumstances while minimizing damage. Given the critical nature of healthcare spaces and the need for resilience during pandemics, specific measures and models are necessary. Previous research on resilience has focused on natural disasters like floods and earthquakes, primarily considering the physical structure of cities. However, there is a lack of focus on healthcare facilities and the development of suitable solutions. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors influencing the resilience of treatment systems during pandemics of emerging and re-emerging infectious agents.

In any transportation planning, including rural transportation, the characteristics of existing supply and demand must be identified. According to this knowledge, the main needs and problems of the villagers in the field of transportation can be identified. In urban transportation planning, travel models are usually built in four stages. In the first stage, travel production and absorption models, in the second stage, travel distribution models, in the third stage, vehicle mode choice models, and in the final stage, route selection and traffic assignment models. In this study, and according to the studies conducted on the difference in behavioral pattern as well as the difference in the way of planning in the village and city, modeling related to the stage of production and absorption of travel is done using backward elimination regression. This study was conducted by case study of a number of villages in Qazvin city and can be generalized to other villages that have similar characteristics. Finally, according to the developed models, it was found that in work trips, the variable of employment rate, in educational trips, the number of students, in shopping trips and ethnics and medicine and in the demand of total travel variable population have the greatest impact on the model. With the current situation demand, it is possible to develop a forecast demand model for different horizons by applying the population growth rate and employment. By estimating the demand for travel, in order to create and build road and rural facilities, road pavement and road maintenance can be planned.

Tourism is one of the most dynamic economic sectors in the world, and according to the World Tourism Organization's forecast, in the next few years, the tourism industry will be the largest part of international trade in terms of income. In the meantime, ecotourism is a new approach to tourism in nature, which is more in harmony with the principles of sustainable development and the environmental conditions of the region, and is also an important source of income. On the other hand, in the era of globalization, being on the path towards sustainable development is the most central principle to realize the appropriate and desirable future of the cities and metropolises of the country. In this regard, the present research, by mentioning the question of what are the most important criteria and indicators of sustainable ecotourism development in the era of globalization, using the meta-analysis of 77 related studies, as well as the use of Sandelowski and Barso tables and the Critical Assessment Skills Program (CASP) in It seeks to explain the criteria related to the sustainable development of ecotourism in Iran, and by identifying the criteria and indicators of sustainable ecotourism development in the era of globalization, it is trying to provide a suitable database to the planners so that in the future, the benefits of the ecotourism boom and its benefits, while sustainable use of the country's natural resources and its protection, should be available to the people of Iran. The research results show two main human and environmental dimensions that are directly related to each other; The human dimension includes social-cultural, economic, governance-management, and technology criteria and the environmental dimension includes environmental criteria, which are identified and introduced with 14, 11, 26, 3 and 18 indicators, respectively.

Urban resilience is the most important debate in urban development. A resilient city is a city with ability to evaluate, plan and prepare for future natural or human-made disasters. This issue becomes more important when there is a variety of fabrics in a city, because special measures should be taken in terms of resilience according to the characteristics of each fabric. Also, there is a need to consider the opinions of residents in making the cities resilient. The present study aims to examine the differences in urban resilience of new, moderate and old fabrics in Qazvin, Iran and assess the relationship between reality (current situation) and perceptions (residents’ satisfaction) regarding the resilience of Qazvin City in Iran.

This is a descriptive-analytical study. To examine the difference in urban resilience of new, moderate and old fabrics, Kruskal-Wallis test was used. To measure the relationship between reality and perceptions, Pearson’s correlation test was used

In institutional, spatial, social and economic dimensions, except for some indicators, the new fabric had better conditions than moderate and old fabrics. There was a significant relationship between residents’ perceptions and reality regarding the resilience of Qazvin City.

There is a significant difference in resilience of new, moderate and old fabrics of Qazvin City. Also, there is a significant relationship between perceptions and reality regarding the resilience of Qazvin City. The results of this study can be used by the municipality and other institutions in Qazvin related to crisis management.

In the present century, with the advent of new and intelligent technologies in the field of information and communication technology in Tehran metropolis, many changes have taken place in the life of urban dwellers and its quality, and this has attracted the attention of many thinkers to the concept of "quality of smart life". The result is a review and presentation of effective dimensions and indicators in measuring it in Tehran metropolis. Given the importance of the quality of life factor in the urban planning system, attention to the concept of intelligence and the expansion of its impact on this factor is increasingly discussed. The purpose of this study is to achieve a structural model, the order of importance and impact factor of dimensions and quality indicators of smart urban life through structural equations with partial least squares (PLS) approach in the metropolis of Tehran. Districts one, six and nineteen of Tehran Municipality have been selected as the statistical population and the size of the statistical population is four hundred people. Based on the results, all seven dimensions of research have a significant relationship with the quality of intelligent urban life to measure and evaluate it. Also, in order to express the importance of these dimensions in different regions, the factor of cohesion and social participation in region one, public education in region six and the factor of resource consumption and environment in the nineteenth region of Tehran have the highest rank. It can be said that the development of cities and communities is strongly influenced by the increasing development of information and communication technology in different parts of the world, but this issue should not ignore the differences and demands of different people.

Considering the increase in the population of Qazvin city in recent years as well as the traditional view of its residents, the need to study the quality of urban space based on gender differences is very noticeable. Because not paying attention to this basic factor in the process of urban development will lead to many problems in the future, the negative effects of which will prevail in urban spaces for a long time.

This research was conducted with the purpose of identifying the factors affecting the quality of urban spaces and the extent of the effects of these factors.

The research method used in the present study is descriptive-analytical, and the studied population is the citizens of Qazvin City, with a population of 485,488 people, and as a result, the required sample size was determined to be 390 people using Cochran's formula.

Geographical Context: 

Qazvin, as a historical city whose urban spaces have not been paid much attention, is the subject of this research.

Based on the analysis of the information obtained from the questionnaire using the factor analysis method, 28 components affecting the quality of urban spaces and the importance of each of these components were grouped and determined in the form of five main environmental, social, safety, physical and spatial factors. In the following, to measure the difference in men's and women's views on the factors affecting the quality of urban spaces, a two-sample independent t-test was used at the 95% confidence level. Spatial, security and social factors of this difference of opinion are evident.

Considering that there is a difference in the views of women and men in space, safety and social factors, and women are more sensitive than men, it is suggested that effective measures be taken in these areas so that citizens can use public spaces more.

Citizens' emotional and cognitive perceptions lead to a general perception of citizenship rights. Our focus in this research is to study the factors that affect, and are related to gender. Gender was considered as a determining factor in the perception of urban spaces to examine the possibility of gender differences in the enjoyment of the right to the city. The population of this study is 390 citizens of Qazvin city that were selected by proportional stratified-sampling, and by combining inappropriate cluster sampling and proportional classification. The data analysis was done by R, using two-way logistic regression and ordinal regression, and the results show that gender plays an important role in citizens' perception of the right to their city. A male citizen of Qazvin is about 30 percent more likely than a female citizen of Qazvin to have a sense of entitlement to the city. Among the analyzed factors, physical convenience had the highest gender gap in terms of citizen satisfaction, which can be largely prevented by increasing the determinant components in cities, and It also increased satisfaction with the right to the city. Furthermore, the dimension of physical comfort was the most differentiated between men and women in terms of satisfaction, indicating that Qazvin, does not provide as much security for women as men.

The instability of natural and environmental resources in rural areas in the occurrence of factors such as the destruction of non-renewable natural resources such as water and fossil fuels, the destruction of the environment and the destruction of animal and plant species, the collapse of the regional ecosystem and ecology, migration and its consequences on society, have a great impact It will have a critical and vital effect on this area. One of the ways to deal with these problems is to identify and understand the existing conditions of the natural and environmental resources governing the villages by using criteria to evaluate the impact of human hazards on the instability of natural and environmental resources. In the present research, first, the criteria for measuring human risks in the instability of natural and environmental resources in rural areas were identified, and then, in the analytical stage, these criteria were evaluated and ranked using the hierarchical analysis method. In this evaluation of water wastage, unauthorized wells and excessive livestock grazing had the greatest impact on the instability of natural resources. In the following, it was found that Lea industrial town, Piryousfian village and Meshaldar village had the greatest impact and Kisht and Sanat Company and Minodar Company had the least impact on the instability of natural and environmental resources caused by human hazards in the central part of Alborz city

Introduction:

 in today's evolving world due to powerful phenomena such as globalization and the development of information-communication (virtual-real), given the value and importance of cities in the local and global economy, considering the development of capacities of urban political interactions with value. In fact, cities, like local territories, can overcome their problems and provide the ground for their social, economic and environmental development through the capacities that they acquire through communication and political interactions in the international arena. Thus, it can be argued that urban diplomacy is a new form of diplomacy in which the world's cities participate, using the potential of the world's metropolises to develop international intercity policies rather than intergovernmental policies. The framework of urban policy is based on the potential of citizenship.

Methodology:

this research was applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptiveanalytical in terms of method. In order to collect the information and data required for the research, it has been used as a documentary-library with filing and survey-field tools with interviews and questionnaires. The statistical population of the study included officials in the field of urban management of Tehran metropolitan municipality and the university community and urban elites whose sample size was 100 people (minimum descriptive analysis quorum) and were randomly selected. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis and multivariate regression test in SPSS software environment were used to model the structural equations of the data in Amos software environment.

Results and discussion:

 the results indicated that the development of urban diplomacy with regard to cultural and popular capacities in the globalization of Tehran with a variance of 18.73% has the highest percentage of the variance of the development of urban diplomacy with regard to globalization capacities. Also, according to the six factors extracted, the development of urban diplomacy has 0.834% of the variance of the globalization of Tehran in the context of national and international cooperation, networking, cultural and economic, and the study of urban diplomacy development according to globalization capacities. It also showed that urban diplomacy has a 53.7% effect on cooperation and networking of Tehran's globalization, 53.7% on the cultural context of Tehran's globalization and 45.6% on the national economic and international dimension of Tehran's globalization. Globalization will create the connection and solidarity of countries, societies and citizens from all over the world. Also, in the era of globalization, political interactions are one of the most important tools for promoting national power. In this regard, political interactions and globalization have effects and approaches. Positive and negative are based on various dimensions that can be studied in the context of global cities. In other words, the cities that have benefited the most from the flow of goods, capital, services, and immigrants, called global cities, have brought the highest levels of economic, social, and infrastructural benefits to their citizens. On the other hand, the way to enter the world cities was competitive, it was possible and cities by considering the principles of development in the fields of economy, research and development, cultural interaction, livability, environment and accessibility (the ability of the city to compete in these areas with other cities Global) will be able to become an influential global city.

Conclusion:

all in all, founding of Southwest Asia Cities Network by Tehran Metropolis, creating a union and network of cities inside Iran to exchange knowledge, facilities and trade of domestic municipalities with each other as a basis for preparing domestic municipalities with their foreign counterparts, creating a memorandum of understanding for student exchange and scientific cooperation and international conferences focusing on the cities of neighboring countries, strengthening humanitarian institutions centered on the cities of neighboring countries, Attracting foreign investors from cities in neighboring countries, creating and expanding information communication infrastructure to introduce natural-historical attractions, services to the international audience to become the city of Tehran as a brand and destination for tourism and investment, launching multilingual websites and social networks with the focus on introducing the attractions, potentials and capacities of Tehran city development as well as investment opportunities in this city as one of the main advertising and marketing tools in the era of globalization and so on could be raised In order to develop the political interactions of Tehran, considering the capacities of globalization in the context of cooperation and networking, national and international cultural and economic issues.

What is being discussed today in the field of city management is the resilience of cities. Urban resilience is important because it can be the life and death of cities. Urban resilience has different dimensions, one of the most important of which is physical resilience. It examines settlements and urban infrastructure from the perspective of resilience. One of the issues that is always raised is whether the measures taken in the field of literacy are acceptable to the residents or not? This research seeks to answer this question and its most important innovation is to investigate the relationship between the objective and subjective dimensions of physical resilience, which has been less studied in previous studies.

The case study in this study is region one of Qazvin. This research is of applied type and its method is descriptive-analytical. In order to investigate this objective and subjective relationship of physical resilience, first the objective variables are examined using Spatial Analysis and then the mental variables are examined using the Likert scale. ارتباط Finally, this relationship is measured using Pearson correlation coefficient.

The findings of this study indicate that the objective variables in the study indicate that in region one of Qazvin in terms of texture composition, urban access networks, hazardous areas and at-risk population have problems in terms of resilience because of academic score and The number of parts that are at risk is very high.

The results indicate that according to the correlation coefficient of 0.527 between subjective and objective variables; There is a significant relationship between the objective dimension (reality on earth) and the mental dimension (residents' satisfaction) in the field of urban physical resilience indicators. Institutions such as Qazvin District 1 Municipality and other urban management institutions can use the results of this research to improve the conditions of financing in Qazvin.

Right to the city is a concept for formulating the principles of right and justice in contemporary cities to challenge the core concepts of citizens' rights, The present study aims to examines the dimensions of right of the city and the extent to which citizens benefit from it, by regions.

The sample selection was performed by combining disproportionate cluster sampling and appropriate classification. The desirability of urban spaces is determined using R 3.3.0 software and Kruskal-Wallis test statistical technique in the four statistical areas of Qazvin and the statistical method of sequential regression and taking into account the components affecting the right to the city.

The results show that the right to habitat comfort has the most impact and right of appropriation has the least impact on satisfaction.

Therefore, it can be analyzed as follows: Residents of Qazvin are not satisfied with the quality of urban spaces Measuring this level of dissatisfaction and distributing the level of satisfaction in order to prioritize the improvement of spaces in the city is of great importance in order to increase the level of satisfaction with the right to the city. The least impact has been achieved in terms of the right to produce and develop space, which is clearly due to the lack of awareness of citizens about their rights and how to demand it. It can also be concluded that there is a significant difference between satisfaction with the right to the city in different areas.

It is possible to measure the realization of the right to the city as a demand related to the right to use urban space relying on the concept of perceived space, so It can also be said that attention to this subject can deal with the inefficiencies of urban spaces is important. The present study was an applied developmental type in terms of purpose and a survey in terms of method. A quantitative research method with a questionnaire, after categorizing the components of urban space desirability and the right to the city with a sample size of 390 citizens of Qazvin, sample selection was performed by combining proportional stratified- disproportional cluster sampling method. Then, using R 3.3.0 software and Kruskal-Wallis test statistical technique to determine the desirability of urban spaces by districts and also Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to assess the effect of each component on the desirability of urban space and finally, Spearman correlation test, shows that the desirability of urban spaces has a direct effect on the satisfaction of the right to the city. The obtained statistics show an average relationship between the two topics. In other words, increasing the desirability of urban space will significantly increase satisfaction with the right to the city. One of the main requirements for establishing this relationship correctly is the change in the occupation of urban spaces. Finally, the most distinction between the components of urban space desirability and residential district, the perceptual component of urban space desirability was obtained.

The Gentrification of eroded buildings, regardless of the identity and cultural-historical structure of neighborhoods, is one of the most important measures of modernization and reconstruction. Which leads to profound physical changes, identity through the displacement of local residents and cultural and social changes. The research method is descriptive-analytic. The purpose of this study is to Gentrification how the old and old texture identity of Zanjan is altered by the realization. Field and library studies have been used to collect information. The statistical population is 384 people by Cochran sampling method. Data analysis was performed by factor analysis and Goodness of fit and analytical Mutual structure using SPSS and MIC MAC software.The results of the study showed that based on the factor analysis, the statistics of the state of the road users with a coefficient of 0.733, service life per capita (0.887), and respect for the law had the highest (0.7761) changes due to the generalization And maintaining current trends, security variables; incompatible and intrusive uses; commitment; building design; transit status; vitality; per capita service utilization; housing area; housing strength; cost and income proportionality; and housing fit with the needs of residents, Most of the changes in the future will be due to the generalization. In this regard, it seems necessary to improve the identity of the worn-out neighborhoods, increase the level of income, create jobs, increase commitment, pay attention to native architecture and building strength, and attract middle and middle-class people to live in an aged tissue area.

The emergence of the mechanized phenomenon increased the human’s need for nature and using it in a peaceful environment so that the natural environments can be established to link nature to the city and create public and popular spaces to link the human to nature. Therefore, some measures must be taken to improve the quality of the roads besides creating them to increase the walkability (Sharghi et al., 2017; Najafpour et al., 2014). Qazvin Health Road, located in the northern part of the city, was created to have a healthy society. However, it did not reach its highest level in terms of facilities and quality.  The current research aims to evaluate the factors affecting the desirability of the urban pedestrian zones with an emphasis on the Qazvin Health Pedestrian Road through which the more presences of the people to improve the health level of the society in the urban and natural spaces is provided by recognizing the factors affecting their quality and improvement in this road. This plan is a dynamic process that was implemented to provide the mental and physical health of the people and increase their happiness and pleasure from the opposite of Islamic Azad University, Qazvin Branch, to Barajin Park.

The current method used a questionnaire to collect the data as one of the most common tools in field studies. Cronbach’s alpha method was also used in confirming reliability, which is considered as the most practical and significant method to measure the reliability. If this value is higher than 0.7, it can be said that the tool has higher reliability (Siamak & Davarpanah, 2009). 30 primary questionnaires were distributed among the members of the statistical population to evaluate the validity, and as a result, the criteria with Cronbach’s alpha less than 0.7 were eliminated, and the criteria with a coefficient higher than 0.7 were obtained as the final questionnaire. Then, given determining the sample size obtained from Cochran’s formula, 400 questionnaires were filled. The data and the items of the questionnaire were first coded using SPSS software to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire, and then, the related values were typed in their specific order. In the following, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to study the normality or abnormality of the data distribution, and the results indicated that the distribution of the data was abnormal. Therefore, the Binomial test was selected as the analysis method, which is a non-parametric test, in proportion to the research purpose.

The research results indicate that the following criteria gained the maximum satisfaction of the residents: in physical factors, connectivity and the width of the axis, in environmental factor, the cleanness and hygiene; in comfort and convenience factor, the lack of noise pollution and the status of the flooring; in the physical and activity factor, the criterion of various usability of the path. In contrast, the following factors obtained the least satisfaction: landscaping in the physical factor, protecting the pedestrian against climate changes in the environmental factors, the facilitation in the comfort and convenience factor, and functional diversity in the physical and activity factor. As presented, paying attention to the four mentioned criteria has the maximum effect on the desirability while Siadati and Karimifard (2018) considered vitality the most effective criterion in increasing the desirability of the pedestrian axes. Similar to Hajrezaei (2019), the land use and activity along with the mixed land uses, functional diversity, and various usability of the path are among the factors that have the most effect on the desirability of the pedestrian axis in the current study. Furthermore, in a paper conducted by Punter and Carmona (1997), the environmental factor and the quality of the public area were considered significant. In a study by Habibi and Sheikhahmadi (2019), increasing the legibility using urban landmarks, land use diversity, and physical diversity, safety, and security, using natural elements, and the connectivity of the path are the factors that lead to increasing the desirability. Seyfallahi Fakhr et al. (2013) believe that the function has the most effect on creating a safe pedestrian path, resulting in increasing the desirability of the axis, which was also mentioned in the current study.

The current research aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the desirability of the urban pedestrian axes in Qazvin Health Road as a case study. After reviewing theoretical foundations and surveying the experts, the factors were selected as the main factors in the desirability of the urban pedestrian axes that are as follows: physical factors, environmental factors, comfort and convenience, physical and activity status of the Health Road. Then, through observation and field studies, a questionnaire was developed and distributed among them to investigate the desirability of the pedestrian axis. In the following, after collecting the questionnaires, citizens’ satisfaction with each one of the criteria were evaluated using the Binomial test. The research results indicate that the following criteria gained the maximum satisfaction of the residents: in physical factors, connectivity and the width of the axis, in environmental factor, the cleanness, and hygiene; in comfort and convenience factor, the lack of noise pollution and the status of the flooring; in the physical and activity factor, the criterion of various usability of the path. In contrast, the following factors obtained the least satisfaction: landscaping in the physical factor, protecting the pedestrian against climate changes in the environmental factors, the facilitation in the comfort and convenience factor, and functional diversity in the physical and activity factor. In the end, it is noteworthy that the research results and the recommendations that were determined based thereon can be considered by all the executive organizations, and finally, result in improving the quality of this road and the similar examples in Iran.

In the present century, the development and advancement of science in various fields on the basis of extensive communications is under way, advancement that is actually based on responding to 21st century human needs. With the approach of integrating the use of information technology with urban living as well as the challenges such as population growth, urbanization and level of needs, overuse of resources and economic crises, various ideas have been put forward to solve these problems by using smart technology. It is likely that the smartening of an urban community will have a significant impact on the quality of life of citizens, according to which scholars have introduced the term intelligent life. According to the searches, different dimensions and indicators in the field of smart living and its quality assessment have been presented. In this study, at the first step we want to determine the dimensions and indicators of smart city and smart living by analyzing valid research. In the next step we want to determine the importance of dimensions and indicators based on pairwise comparison according to the experts. For this purpose, we used AHP analysis in software Expert Choice. Analyzes show that the development of the use of smart technologies in information and communication technology in the metropolis of Tehran, respectively, in the areas of health, security and safety, education and culture, housing and buildings, respectively, have the greatest impact on creating a smart urban living and improve the quality of life.

The world is getting closer, thanks to major innovations in the field of communication, information exchange and access, the possibility of more exchanges of cities and countries. Accordingly, the cities of world can create networks, organizations and independent organizations to benefit from each other's knowledge and experience, which is possible through urban diplomacy. The purpose of this study was to develop a model of urban diplomacy with regard to globalization capacities in Tehran. The research method was qualitative and after analyzing the qualitative content and coding with a questionnaire of 80 university experts and city managers as well as interviews with 20 experts, the indicators were extracted and screened. These comments were entered in the 2020 MAXQDA software. At first, free coding was done in the form of scattered concepts considered by experts. The results of this analysis have been done in three stages including free coding, axial coding and finally selective coding.