vali nemati

Several factors contribute to the development of tourism in a region, among which climate is one of the most significant. Climate acts as a key driver or deterrent for tourism in any given area. This study aims to compare the results of two models, TCI (Tourism Climate Index) and UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index), and to provide a climate zoning analysis for comfort and discomfort in various locations across the provinces of Ardabil, West Azerbaijan, and East Azerbaijan on a monthly and seasonal scale.

Methods and Material: 

In this research, based on the thermal thresholds of the TCI and UTCI indices, a bioclimatic atlas for the provinces of Ardabil, West Azerbaijan, and East Azerbaijan was developed on a monthly and seasonal basis, and the results were compared. The UTCI index was calculated using RayMan and Bioklima software. The data were interpolated using the Kriging method in ArcGIS, and the corresponding maps were created.

According to the results of the TCI index, the months of May, June, July, August, and September generally show favorable conditions across all stations, except for Parsabad in September, Mianeh and Khoy in August and July, Kaleybar in May, and Jolfa in June, which exhibit less favorable conditions. The seasonal analysis indicates that most stations in spring and summer are suitable, except for Parsabad in summer, Kaleybar in spring, and Jolfa and Khoy in summer, where conditions are less favorable. The results of the UTCI index reveal that, during May, June, July, August, and September, all stations exhibit favorable conditions except Parsabad and Sahand in May, which display less favorable conditions. In the seasonal analysis, all stations show suitable conditions in spring and summer, except for Sahand in spring. Based on the results, due to the mountainous nature of the studied provinces and the presence of snow and winter conditions conducive to winter tourism, planning can be undertaken to promote winter tourism, considering the months with more favorable numerical index values.

Women’s status is one of the key indicators of development in any country. Despite comprising half of the global population, women account for only one-tenth of the world’s income and hold just one-hundredth of its assets. Tourism is a powerful tool for empowering women across economic, educational, and political dimensions. Given its significance, this study aims to explore the role of women’s empowerment in the sustainable development of tourism. The research focuses on female activists in the tourism industry of Ardabil province. Data were analyzed using PLS software. The findings reveal that empowering women in psychological, political, and social dimensions plays a crucial role in enhancing women’s participation in sustainable tourism development. Additionally, the study shows that these empowerment factors influence the dependent variable (sustainable tourism development) through the mediating variable of participation in tourism.

Tourism is referred to as an accelerator for national and regional development because the local community benefits from the various benefits of tourism. On the other hand, tourism, along with economic effects and consequences, causes the social, cultural and environmental conditions of local communities to undergo major changes. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the individual and social capabilities of the beneficiaries and use them to influence the process of sustainable development of tourism. The role of women in environmental and economic changes is weak due to reasons such as lack of equal educational opportunities, lack of sufficient self-confidence, and their lack of recognition in economic activities. Therefore, the United Nations has set a series of smaller goals, one of which is the effective participation of women in society and their presence in political, economic and public decision-making, in order to achieve its goals in the field of women's empowerment.Khalkhal city is one of the cities of Ardabil province. The suburban area of this city is attracting the attention of tourists. An important question raised in this research is, what is the state of these two peri-urban areas in different aspects of tourism empowerment?

The research questionnaire includes questions related to the perception of women's work in tourism (6 questions), women's entrepreneurship (3 questions), psychological empowerment (4 questions), social empowerment (3 questions) and the scale used to measure five-point Likert questions. 1 strongly disagree - 5 strongly agree). Smart-PLS software and confirmatory factor analysis method were used to analyze the data collected from the questionnaire and the structural model test.

The results of this research showed that the positive perception of women's work in tourism has the greatest positive effect on psychological empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.968 and significance: 34.701), social empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.889). and significance t: 31.635), economic empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.823 and significance t: 25.701) and finally political empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.768 and significance t: 13.701).In addition, the results showed that women's entrepreneurship has the greatest positive effect on psychological empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.896 and significance t: 36.968), economic empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.789 and significance t: 29.765), social empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.703 and significance t: 18.369) and political empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.646 and significance t: 9.785).Also, psychological empowerment has a strong positive effect on the development of tourism in the Khalkhal destination (path coefficient (β): 0.968 and significance rit: 45.831) (Hypothesis 3.4 is confirmed). Then, in order, social empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.912 and significance t: 39.168), social empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.865 and significance rit: 26.147) and political empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.809) and significant (it: 19.348) have a positive effect on the development of tourism.

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the perception of women's work in tourism and women's entrepreneurship. Specifically, in these two villages of Pirashehri, the perception of women's work in tourism has become very different compared to the past, and one of the reasons for this is that after the intensification of international sanctions and the emergence of some economic problems for households, cultural sensitivities for Women's work has decreased. So that in the field studies, it was found that most tourism and tourism-related businesses in this region rely on women in a special way.Also, the results of this research show that women's activity in tourism leads to the empowerment of women socially, politically, economically, psychologically. For example, tourism by creating jobs and entrepreneurship opportunities for women. In the two studied regions, tourism has created jobs for women. In Khojin region, it is common to rent suiyet and sell dairy products to tourists, but in Andabil village, renting a villa and suiyet is more common, and women have different roles in each of them.Also, economic empowerment gives a sense of pride towards local traditions and culture. For example, the people of Khojin and Andabil villages are proud of their history and many of them wrote various books and articles about their region. For example, we can refer to the books of Andabil: The memory of my land, the book of Andabil Castle, the book of Andabil Khalkhal's traditional short stories and stories, the book of Khojin and the Great Khojin scholars: the historical, geographical, cultural, social and economic situation of Khojin Khalkhal.

The growth and development of the tourism industry, especially in the case of developing countries that face many problems such as high unemployment rate, lack of or limited foreign exchange resources and single product economy, is of considerable importance. The understanding of the communities in this case that the tourism industry is considered a desirable and stable source of foreign exchange income has caused tourism to achieve a very wide meaning and concept in various economic and social dimensions and is considered as an important industry. In many parts of the world, natural beauty and attractiveness are the primary and basic reasons for attracting tourists and developing the tourism industry (Nad Alipour, 2015: 6). In case of the presence of the causal conditions resulting from the theory in the positive experimental examples and its absence in the negative examples, this research will enable us to generalize the results to the research theory and strengthen the reliability of the theory according to the alignment with the experimental examples. . According to the definition of the World Tourism Organization (WTO), tourist refers to people who travel to a country other than their country of residence and pursue a goal other than what they have in their own country (Abdini and Ranjbari, 2015: 15). , those activities of people who travel to places and places outside their residence and work for the purpose of recreation, rest and doing other things and do not stay there for more than one consecutive year are referred to as tourism

In this comparative research, a combined approach was used. The strategy adopted in this study is the simultaneous hybrid method in which quantitative and qualitative data were converged and integrated in order to comprehensively analyze the research problem. In this research, the researcher tried to collect both quantitative and qualitative data at the same time and then integrate the information in the interpretation of the final results (Creswell, 2009). In the comparative-quantitative approach, the case-oriented fuzzy logic approach was adopted. This study was conducted among 82 countries. In terms of time, the current study is cross-sectional and includes data between 2011-2016. The second approach is the comparative-qualitative case-oriented approach, which is based on multiple case studies based on the logic of repetition. On the one hand, this type of research design is similar to an analytical comparison that uses the double agreement method, that is, the agreement and difference method, that is, the comparison of two sets of positive and negative cases (Newman, 1991: 421). On the other hand, according to the mentioned plan, not only induction logic has been used, but according to the theoretical model of the research, attention has also been paid to predicting the results in "multiple conflicting situations". Hence, the repetition of items used is almost similar to that used in multiple experiments (Robert Yin, 2003: 47).The research sample of this study includes a set of countries that are considered rich in terms of tourism potential, but in practice some of them have been successful and some have been unsuccessful. The set of positive cases includes 8 countries, all of which are among the first eight countries in attracting foreign tourists. In contrast to the 8 negative countries, there are cases that, despite their rich cultural and historical heritage and many natural attractions, are not as successful in attracting foreign tourists as they should be. In order for the theory to have an acceptable analytical generalization capability, the selection of the cases under study was done based on targeted theoretical sampling. With this account, if the theoretical prediction matches the results of the set of positive cases (so-called real repetition) and the results of the set of negative cases (so-called theoretical repetition), then the experimental findings confirm the theoretical model of the research and the results of the research can be at least compared to similar cases. It generalizes (Chalbi and Abbasi, 2014: 52).In this method, each of the conditions for attracting foreign tourists using Boolean algebra based on the calibration technique and determining the criteria of membership, non-membership and the intersection point in the total of successful and unsuccessful cases as a suitable comparative and analytical method, in relation to the result placed and after calculating the inverse causality in connection with the occurrence of a single result, in the final analysis by combining the theoretical conditions, the inverse causality of tourist attraction was tested at the macro level. An attempt was made to standardize the scales and determine the cut-off points for these 16 countries by using external criteria, especially the specialized knowledge and experience of key informants. The criteria for selecting countries was based on the success rate in attracting tourists and the ranking of countries in having natural and historical heritage and natural attractions. The 8 countries in the set of positives are all ranked 1st to 8th for attracting tourists, with the exception of Thailand, all of them also benefit from cultural and natural attractions. In contrast to the 8 countries in the set of negative cases, there are cases that are not very successful in attracting tourists despite their rich cultural heritage and natural attractions.

In general, this research aimed to answer this question in the form of sociological analysis, in general, what factors in the form of a combined causality cause the strong or weak performance of countries in attracting foreign tourists. For this purpose, the researchers tried to integrate and converge the results of quantitative and qualitative methods by presenting a combined theory and using a combined method (quantitative and qualitative). An attempt was made to collect both quantitative and qualitative data at the same time and integrate them in the interpretation of the final results. In the quantitative comparative approach, the results of inverse and combined causality showed that among the many causal paths, only two causal paths were of theoretical and empirical importance, which are sufficient conditions to explain the non-occurrence of the event (tourist attraction). These two paths include the conditions of political, cultural and social globalization, rule of law, competitiveness in infrastructure, social security, democracy and cultural and natural attractiveness as sufficient conditions. In the qualitative comparative approach, the final equation of the research showed that the attraction of foreign tourists is realized in the conditions where the conditions of social security, social capital, competitiveness, cultural, social and political globalization are present in the society, and in the absence of these variables, it cannot be expected to attract foreign tourists. The empirical examples of this claim are some unsuccessful countries in which the above combined conditions were not present. The most important theoretical and methodological achievement of this research was confirming the theory in a few limited cases and generalizing it to similar results, as well as repeating the results using two different quantitative and qualitative methods, which shows the validity of the results and the reliability of the measurement tools. From a theoretical point of view, it can be boldly said that the research theory in connection with these experimental examples has a higher capacity or potential power, and with the development of the results of this study within the theory, this theory has high reliability due to the alignment of external examples with it. Also, the beauty and innovation of this research is that it tried to present a unified model and showed its experimental examples in large and small Ns (quantitative and qualitative comparative methods). So that there was no example, the empirical contradiction of this theoretical claim.What are important are the combination of variables and the construction of sufficient causal combinations that lead to the occurrence of the desired event. Without an effective and durable relationship with the world system, especially from two political, social and cultural dimensions, it is not possible to have a share of its material and spiritual gifts in the field of tourism industry. There is no country that does not have a networked and overlapping connection with the world system, and at the same time has been successful in attracting foreign tourists. Therefore, globalization significantly increases tourism opportunities. It also increases the global competition of the tourist destination at the international level. At the level of the internal structure of tourism, it is linked with economic, social and political justice, and the general efficiency of societies plays an essential role in this. The social system must have the necessary efficiency in various economic, political, social and cultural fields. To organize the tourism industry, it is an undeniable necessity to protect the rights and safety of tourists, which is related to the responsibility of the government at the macro level. Competitiveness in the field of public goods (including public infrastructure) are among the factors that should be considered in this connection.

This study sought to investigate the influence of newly-emerged leadership styles, that is, servant leadership, authentic leadership, and patriarchal leadership on the psychological capital and occupational behavior of hotel staff in the Iranian cities of Sareyn and Ardabil. To this end, the population of the study comprised 312 hotel staff, out of whom 255 people were selected via convenient sampling. The required data were collected through a standard questionnaire which was administered online. The collected data were then analyzed through SPSS software and LISREL software using the structural equation method. The findings proved that all three leadership styles investigated in this study influenced the hotel staff’s psychological capital and occupational behavior. Furthermore, the staff’s occupational participation was found to be effective in the provision of extra-role services to the customers. It can thus be argued that the intended novel styles of leadership increase individuals’ psychological capital and occupational participation. Therefore, organizations, especially those involved in tourism and accommodation, should try their best to adopt such leadership styles.

Tourism, with its self-sustainable development features, plays an essential role in the economy of the countries of the world (Munavari and Feridouni, 2008). Tourism is referred to as one of the most essential development factors in human and scientific societies (Hossam, 2015). In other words, geotourism is a nascent phenomenon that is expressed in the form of two characters of geology and geography (Mokhtari, 2014). In the last decade, tourism has stepped forward and entered much more serious and new fields, such as using and benefiting from the capabilities of geotourism (Zandmoghadam, 2018). Meanwhile, the relationship between tourism destination and geotourism is also important (Paskov, 2015). Also, in order to plan and manage geotourism areas, it is an inevitable necessity to know the criteria and values of geosite and geotourism and to combine them in the framework of geotourism evaluation methods and models. These methods determine the location of a geotourism area, its use and its future management by examining and combining the types of geotourism values and examining the relationship between them. Sarein city is one of the tourist cities of Ardabil province, and identifying the tourist areas of this region is essential and essential to attract tourism.In this regard, several studies have been conducted inside and outside of Iran, which are briefly mentioned. Safari et al. (2018) investigated geotourism capabilities using evaluation and zoning methods (case study: Divandre and Saqez cities). They came to the conclusion that Karftu Cave, Shahid Kazemi Dam Lake, Saral Plain, Saqoz River and the slopes of Khan Mountain are the most suitable areas for the intended purposes. In fact, these areas, along with the high score they have obtained in the evaluation methods, in terms of the criteria that have been considered in the zoning, are located in the prone areas for the development of geotourism. Asghari Saraskanroud and Nezafat Tekle (2019) evaluated the geotourism potential and analyzed the competitiveness of the geotourist areas of Sarayin city (case study: Bileh Dargh, Darband Vargesaran, Alvares) using the Paulova and Hadzik model. They came to the conclusion that Alvares tourism region has appropriate potentials to attract tourists to Sarein city in terms of competitiveness compared to other studied tourism regions. Taherkhani et al. (2019), in order to prioritize land potentials - tourism in Alamut Qazvin with different combined models. These researchers came to the conclusion that the combined results of the three methods show that the geosites of Avan, Alamut and Moalem Kalaye have the most favorable conditions that can be marketed as tourism products, and in contrast to the three geosites of Qalal Sirki Ovank - Dineh Rood and Kochnan - Etan and also the Atan Valley are in unfavorable conditions, and the necessity of planning for the management of these geosites seems essential. Esfandiari Darabad and colleagues (1401) evaluated and analyzed the tourism potential and competitiveness of Ardabil province using the Paulova model and Hadzik's dynamic model (case study: Heer, Khalkhal, Sarein). These researchers came to the conclusion that Sareen tourism region has appropriate potentials for attracting tourists in terms of competitiveness compared to other studied tourism regions. The aim of the current research is to evaluate the geotourism and zoomorphological capability of Sarein city using Kobalikova and Fiolet model.

This research is an applied type of research in terms of its purpose, and in terms of the nature of the data, it is a quantitative and qualitative method. Research data has been collected through field and library-document studies.Kubalikova model: In this model, the criteria are placed in five groups. It covers almost all features of geotourism. The foundation of the first group of criteria (scientific and inherent values) is based on the geological principles, the integrity and virginity of the place and the definitions of geotourism with a geomorphological and geological perspective. The second group of criteria (educational values) is based on the fact that all definitions of geotourism emphasize educational issues and the educational content of environmental issues, protection and honoring of host communities, and active evaluation and interpretation of its principles. The basis of the third category of criteria (economic values) is based on principles such as tourist satisfaction, benefit to local communities, and diversity and marketing. Sustainability, land preparation and preservation of natural resources and some conservation principles constitute the combination of the principles of the fourth group of criteria (conservation values). The last set of criteria originates from the fact that geotourism, along with considering natural issues in evaluations, also considers aesthetic and cultural aspects.Fiolet model (national park method): This method was first created by Fiolet in 2011 to investigate geotourism in national parks in France. In this method, geomorphosite and landforms were selected from this national park for study and evaluation according to the four criteria of origin of formation, geographical distribution, tourism and the general state of access (Aroji, 2013). Therefore, the overall evaluation of geotourism and geomorphosites in this method is based on two main rates. Management rate is a decision support. which can include things such as programs, plans and scientific measures (such as control process, scheduling, etc.), special environmental protection plans and projects, data management and visual information, etc. Tourism rates are generally used to promote, develop and spread tourism. To calculate this rate, complementary values must be considered. Complementary values in this method include use value and cultural value (Fiolt and Sorb, 2011). Management and tourism rate criteria receive a score from 0 to 1 according to the scope of their impact in the region.

Results of Kubalikova model Based on the results of table (3), in order to evaluate the importance of indicators in the geotourist areas of Sareen city, the average score of the indicators was calculated. According to the obtained results and examination of the questionnaires, the value of each criterion for the studied tourist areas was determined and calculated. Based on the results obtained, Alvares ski resort has the highest score of (10) compared to other geotourist areas. Also, Alvares ski resort has the highest score in terms of scientific, economic, protection and added value index. Being in the category of high economic value due to the attraction of tourists during the year has been the turning point of Alvares tourist area in Sarein city. From this point of view, the development of Alvarez ski resort is the most important priority.The results of Fiolet model (National Park method) Table (4), investigations were done through expert group and through field visits of documents, in two ways. According to the results obtained in the evaluation method of national parks, the value of geotourism has been evaluated in two parts: management rate and tourism rate. Based on the results of the management rate, the Alvares ski area has a variety of capabilities compared to other geotourist areas with a total score of 5.10. Also, the lahars of the tourist village of Viladargh have earned a score of 8.25. As can be seen in the table (4),

Therefore, based on the above results, the results were obtained that two geotourism methods have been used in the evaluation of geotourism areas, and although these two methods had commonalities in the field of geotourism values, their calculation method was different, therefore sometimes different results were obtained. . However, by combining the results, the following three tourist areas had the most favorable conditions for the development of geotourism, and these three tourist areas include the Alvarez ski resort, Viladragh and Gorgor waterfall. These tourist areas, in addition to having attractions and geological values, have suitable tourism services and infrastructure.

Environmental risks are divided into two main groups: social risks and technological risks. Social risks originate directly from people's daily lives, and technological risks are risks that originate from human activities on the planet and inappropriate use of technology. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the impact of environmental hazards in the development of geotourism in Ardabil province in Hir city. In the current research, the field, descriptive and analytical method has been used, and with the help of two statistical communities related to tourism, the domestic tourists who entered the city of Hir and the active officials of the region in the geotourism industry, the environmental hazards affecting the development of geotourism have been investigated. The results of the research showed that the probability of health and environmental risk from the point of view of travelers with a total score of 3.52 has the highest score among the threats to the development of geotourism in Hir region, which leads to the lack of attraction of tourism and ultimately the development of geotourism. has been in the region. Also, according to the authorities, the possibility of structural and functional risk with a total score of 3.24 has the most impact on the development of tourism in the studied area. Therefore, based on the results, it can be concluded that health and environmental infrastructure, as well as structure and function, should be developed in order to lead to the increasing progress of the geotourism industry in the coming years with welfare, economic, health, infrastructural and legal development. Based on the results, it is suggested to investigate the effects of natural factors in the development of geotourism in Hir city in future studies.

Man-made relationship with nature creates geo-tourism. In geo-tourism, geomorphological phenomena prevail more than other geological phenomena. The audience is not only geomorphology and geology specialists and experts, but also ordinary tourists and nature enthusiasts. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and analyze the potentials of the geological and touristic destinations of Astara city (case study: Hiran Pass, Lawton Waterfall, Steel Lagoon). The studied methods are the Hadzik and Fiolet method. In the Hadzik model, the value and importance of each geo-tourist place in this method is estimated by scientific value indicators and the surplus values of that geo-tourist place. Based on the results of the scientific value of surplus and vulnerability according to the experts and visitors of Hiran Pass geotourist area, Laton Waterfall and Steel Lagoon, respectively, the values of (22.36), (48.29) and (69.51) were allocated to themselves. Based on this, the Hiran Pass geotourist area has a high and relatively good potential compared to the other two regions. The results of the Violet model also showed that based on the studied indicators, the geotourist area of Hiran Pass has the highest score and the Hiran Laton Cascade area is in the second place. and Talab Steel region were ranked third in terms of geo-tourist capability, so it can be concluded that the geo-tourist region of Hiran Garneh has more attraction power in terms of geo-tourist capability than the studied regions in the direction of geo-tourism development. Also, it is suggested that in future studies to identify pristine geo-tourist areas, studies are based on studies and online tourism.

. Considering the increasing development of this part of the tourism industry, the discussion of marketing and competitiveness is considered among the new and serious issues in this field. The purpose of the current research is to evaluate and analyze the geotourism competitiveness of Nir city. Identifying the strengths and weaknesses can help to improve the competitiveness of geotourism in Nir city. Pavlova model was used in this research. This model is based on the formation of positive and negative factors and related calculations. The results indicate that among the positive factors, three factors, the possibility of spa treatment with a weight percentage of 19.95, hydrogeological sites with a weight percentage of 18.06, and protected areas with a weight percentage of 11.11 are the most important positive factors in the competitiveness of Nir city. Coming. Among the negative factors, the lack of suitable infrastructure with a weighted percentage of 21.43, budget deficit for the development of the region with a weighted percentage of 19.64, and the non-conceptual development of geotourism with a weighted percentage of 17.86 are considered to be among the most effective negative factors on the competitiveness of tourism in Nir city. The results of the ranking ratio show that the positive factors gained 56.25 percent weight and the negative factors got 43.75 percent weight. Based on this, the rating ratio of tourism competitiveness of Nir city is equal to 1.67, which is in the good classification group. Therefore, it is concluded that the presence of serious weaknesses in some fields of tourism in Nir city, such as insufficient or unfavorable spatial of infrastructure and facilities, has caused Nir city not to be placed in the top tiers in terms of the of geotourism. Therefore, it is suggested to study the factors affecting tourism economy in future studies.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of customers 'destructive behaviors on employees' reactions such as leaving the service, job satisfaction of frontline employees with regard to the moderating role of behavioral approach of managers and colleagues in tourism agencies in Tehran. The leading study used a survey-correlation method to collect data. Statistical population of all travel agencies in Tehran that are somehow involved with tourists and customers. For this purpose, 400 questionnaires were distributed and 384 questionnaires were collected. In this research, the standard questionnaire has been used in absentia and the data have been analyzed through SPSS and lisrel software. Destructive behaviors of customers have an effect on job feelings (emotional disharmony and emotional burnout) of employees and also job feelings of employees have a direct effect on intention to leave the job and job satisfaction. Based on the results, it can be said that the destructive behaviors of customers increase job leaving and decrease employee job satisfaction. Managers' behavioral approach, the use of emotional intelligence and customer orientation seek to neutralize these negative emotions in employees and customers. It is also necessary to increase cooperation in the behavioral approach of colleagues and reduce unhealthy competition. Destructive behaviors of customers can affect the negative emotions of employees and by considering the moderating effect of emotional intelligence, customer orientation, cooperation, competition cause behavioral reactions such as leaving the job and job satisfaction.

Geotourism is one of the growing sectors of the tourism industry, which is related to geomorphological forms and processes. Geotourism is a type of natural tourism that pays special attention to geology and landscapes. The purpose of this research is to identify the geotourism potentials of Sarein city by using the national park model and Hadzik model. In Hadzik's model, the value and importance of each geotourist place is estimated in this method by the indicators of scientific value and surplus values of that geotourist place. Feuillet model is analyzed based on management and tourism rates and their value range. The results of the Hadzik model showed that according to the results of the scientific value, surplus and vulnerability according to the experts and tourists of the geotourist area in Vargesaran, Kanzeq and Viladargh, the values are (37.17), (26.46) and (53.47), respectively. They gave. Based on this, the geotourist area of Viladraq has a high and relatively good potential compared to the other two areas. The results of Feuillet model also showed that according to the studied sub-indices, the geotourist areas of Vila Dargh had the highest score, Derband Vergesaran area was ranked second, and Kanzeq area was ranked third in terms of geotourism capabilities. Therefore, it can be concluded that the geotourist area of Viladragh has more attraction power in terms of geotourism capability than the studied areas in the direction of geotourism development. It is also suggested to conduct several studies based on virgin geotourism resources in future researches to identify virgin geotourism areas.

Geotourism is a core knowledge that comes from the interdisciplinary integration of the tourism industry with the preservation and interpretation of inanimate nature attractions along with cultural issues related to them in the form of geosites to the general public. The purpose of this research is to investigate the geotourism capabilities of Ardabil province using Kobalikova model and Violet model. For this purpose, three geo-tourist areas including: Nir, Nemin, Sarein were selected. In the current research, the Kubalikova model, which emphasizes scientific, educational, economic, conservation and cultural criteria, was used, as well as the Fiolet model, which examines geotourist areas based on four criteria: origin of formation, geographical distribution, tourism, and access status. . The results showed that according to the Kubalikova model, the geotourist area of Sarein with a value of (9) has obtained the highest score compared to other geotourist areas, and also the results of Violet's model showed that among the geotourist areas of Sarein city with a score of (10) out of the total Effective subjects have different abilities compared to other areas. In the results of the Kubalikova and Violet models, Nemin region received the lowest score in prioritizing geotourist areas. The results obtained from the combination of Fiolet's model showed that the geotourist area has the most favorable conditions for the development and attraction of tourists in Ardabil province. Therefore, it can be concluded that by identifying and creating facilities in the geotourism areas of Ardabil province, it will lead to the attraction of tourists and the development of welfare infrastructure.

Today, many people travel for different purposes, these people go to different places, and therefore if their stay lasts more than 24 hours and less than a year, they are called tourists. Health tourism is a common type of tourism that aims to achieve health, both physically and mentally. In Iran, health tourism has developed a lot in the last decade and both domestic and foreign travelers have come to medical centers for this purpose and after some time have improved. This industry can drive the economic wheels of a country if many countries have invested in this industry. Iran has a good competitive advantage and that is that you offer good preferential costs for these services to tourists, which has made Iran have many tourists in this field, which has many advantages for Iran, including the import of currency. He pointed to the country and the development of job creation in various fields. The costs of treatment and treatment in our country, Iran, are less than many countries, to the extent that it is not comparable with developed countries and even more than neighboring countries. Less, according to the World's Competitiveness Report, in 2018, Iran Regarding Importance This Factor In Research As accepted, The most important Cause Among Causes Travel In Tourism Health The costs of Treatment. Medical tourism and related business affairs are recognized as one of the most lucrative sectors of hospitality in many destination countries, especially developing countries (Han, 2016; Hyung et al., 2016).Letunoska et al. (2020) in a study entitled Scientific Research in the Health Tourism Market: A Systematic Literature Review stated that the authors' attention is focused on bibliographic analysis in the field of health tourism. The main purpose of this study is to find out which countries' works are dominant in scientific circles and which nationalities have the most impact on the scientific community in terms of the number and content of their research. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting the development of health tourism in Tehran province with a futures research approach and the use of Dematel methods and fuzzy logic network analysis process.Methodology This research is applied in terms of purpose because it is a set of valid (reliable) and systematic rules and tools to investigate the facts and discover the unknowns and achieve solutions to problems. These solutions are to reduce the conflict between the pillars of the project, which can help decision makers in the field of project management to be able to better understand the causes of time delays and use the solutions to solve those causes. To. Since this study examines the current situation in the field of research, it is descriptive in that it provides a good description of the effective barriers to sustainable supply chain management and their prioritization, and since it examines the opinions and preferences of individuals. Paying through the questionnaire is a survey research. These comments are collected in the form of questionnaires related to Dematel, process analysis. To apply this method in the field under study after the library studies, a questionnaire is prepared and distributed among experts and to solve problems of theories, techniques and techniques. Basic fuzzy number research and Dematel techniques use network process analysis. ResultsFirst, a questionnaire was distributed among the experts (12 experts) and they commented on the importance of each criterion (using low, medium and high range), which are shown in Table 1.Which is obtained by averaging the comments using the fuzzy mean spectrum of the comments shown in Table 2; In other words, it is quite obvious that each person's opinion is converted to trapezoidal fuzzy numbers using Table 2, and the average opinions are obtained using the fuzzy averaging relation of trapezoidal numbers (expressed in Chapter 3). Then we distribute the second questionnaire among the experts, the results of which are shown in Table 3. By fuzzy averaging of the results, the average of experts' opinions in Questionnaire 2 is determined, which is shown in Table 4. In the next step, the disagreement about each of the first and second steps is calculated, the results of which are shown in Table 5. Determining the final weight of sub-criteria using hierarchical analysis In this step, using fuzzy hierarchical analysis method and according to the criteria and sub-criteria, the weight of each criterion and sub-criteria is determined, which is shown in Table 6. In this step, using the results obtained from the fuzzy dematel method, we form the dependency matrix of the sub-criteria using pairwise comparisons and a questionnaire, which is shown in Table 7.Determining the weight of sub-criteriaIn this step, by multiplying the matrix of the normalized table, the dependency matrix between the sub-criteria and the weights obtained from the fuzzy hierarchical analysis of the weight of each sub-criterion is determined; the final weight of each criterion is shown in Table 8.- ConclusionThe global slogan of health tourism, facilities and services in the level of first or advanced world countries and prices and costs in the level of countries in Development and the Third World. Global revenue from health tourism reached more than 75 billion in 2014, which was very small compared to our country's capacity to attract health tourism. Considering that between 2 and 5% of foreign tourists are health tourists, it is predicted that the number of this type of tourists in 2021 will reach more than 21 million people in the world, which in the current conditions and management and in the most optimistic state, the share Iran will not be more than 71,000 people. The turnover of the world tourism sector in the coming years of the 21st century is expected to exceed the turnover of the industrial sector and reach 4 trillion in a few years, which in this amount of turnover, the feet of illegal speculators and the power mafia are certainly in question. Health tourism will be opened, which due to the fact that our country is at the center of applicants for medical tourism services (citizens of Arab countries, newly independent countries and Iran's neighbors) is practically expert planning in order to avoid Threats related to the treatment process, how to enter the country, hospitalization and recovery, are necessary and will prevent the deposit of financial added value due to health tourism to the pockets of illegal and unrelated stakeholders. Considering that according to the predictions made by experts, the corona pandemic will end in the not too distant future, and before the corona pandemic, the country had a good situation in the field of health tourism, so in this study has ranked the factors affecting health tourism. Based on this, at first, the criteria are determined using the theoretical foundations and the opinion of experts. Hotel services, hotel cost and hotel quality of accommodation, quality of medical services including criteria: quality of operation, quality of periodic check-ups and quality of hospital services, quality of marketing including criteria: providing services based on tour program, providing sufficient information and availability of roads Appropriate communication to respond, the cost includes the criteria: the cost of periodic services, the cost of hotel services and the cost of operation. Treatment is also a travel and expense related service that must meet these criteria. Appropriate marketing has also been identified by experts as a cluster. Examination of Dematel results shows that clusters affect each other. Accordingly, Dematel results show that: The criterion of transportation quality affects the quality of hoteling. The quality criterion of hoteling affects the quality of transportation. The quality of medical services affects the quality of hoteling, the quality of transportation, the quality of marketing and the cost. The quality of marketing affects the quality of hoteling, the quality of transportation, the quality of medical services and the cost. Cost affects the quality of hoteling and the quality of medical services. Finally, a review of the criteria ranking shows that one criterion of the medical services quality cluster is among the 4 criteria (operation quality). Two criteria of the marketing quality cluster are among the 4 criteria (providing services based on tour program and providing sufficient information). Which shows that these criteria under the influence of Dematel results have caused a high ranking for these criteria and also in the cost cluster is a criterion among the first 4 criteria (operating costs) that the combination High priority criteria indicate that these three clusters are important.

Education and learning is a key element to having a sustainable society in which children have the highest potential for effective education. Properly designed tourism spaces with the dimensions of the child's existence can play the role of a suitable teacher to experience and learn great life lessons with other attractions. Child-friendly spaces mainly seek to create a suitable environment in tourism environments for entertainment and recreation, education, intellectual and social development of these people. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the role of learning from children's tourism on sustainable tourism development. The statistical population of the study includes all parents with children and the samples were selected from tourists in Mashhad whose children were between 6 and 12 years old. The sample size was obtained using Cochran's formula equal to 384 people who were selected based on available non-random sampling method. A standard questionnaire was used to measure the variables. The validity of the questionnaire was diagnostic, convergent and divergent and the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The research model was tested based on structural equation method and LISREL software. The results showed that motivation to learn has a positive effect on learning benefits for children. Motivation to learn has a positive effect on children's environmental protection behaviors. Benefits of learning for children have a positive effect on children's environmental protection behaviors Demographic characteristics of the family (including child gender, education level, parents, average family monthly income, number of children) have a moderating role on learning benefits and environmental protection behaviors in tourist children. Finally, the moderating role of family demographic characteristics (including child gender, parents' education level, average family monthly income, number of children in the family) in the relationship between learning motivation and learning benefits in tourist children was also confirmed

The main motivator of hospitals is manpower. The expansion and complexity of educational medical centers and the appearance of new diseases such as Covid-19 have increased the need for effective management. During the Covid-19 crisis, in which hospitals are at the forefront, special measures should be taken for better management in critical situations. The current study has been conducted with the aim of identifying the main factors affecting management in crisis and its control.

The study method was the "Mix Method" performed in two stages. The first stage was exploratory; in this stage 19 university experts as a research sample were selected by simple random sampling. The second stage was a quantitative, confirmative, and survey study. 202 patients were selected randomly as a research sample from both educational-medical centers involved in Covid-19 of Ardabil city. Data were collected by using a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis of data was performed using SPSS software for heuristic factor analysis, and LISREL software was also used for confirmatory factor analysis and finding correlations between factors.

In this study, 17 factors were identified and confirmed, affecting the crisis management in 5 dimensions, including; safety training, crisis control, trust in human resources, sense of vulnerability, the physical and mental health, transparency, justice, participation in decision-making, trust in the manager, honesty, the expectation of needs, efficiency, reward, elimination of stresses, fulfillment of manager's promises, controlling of crisis, inter-sectorial solidity. There was a significant correlation between factors with latent variables.

From the perspective of management, being prepared and training the committed forces are very important in controlling the crisis. Manpower plays the main role in the Covid-19 crisis and treating patients, so paying attention to them by considering the factors and dimensions of leadership, social, motivation, organization, and quickness has high importance.

Wrong policies regarding the nomadic community have caused the number of nomadic populations to decrease compared to the past and the nomads are being pushed towards monogamy. Meanwhile, the nomadic community of Iran has high potentials to attract tourists, the income of which can be considered as a complementary livelihood option for nomads. The use of tourism capabilities requires policy-making and knowledge of the factors affecting the development of nomadic tourism. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the development of nomadic tourism as a complement to nomadic livelihood. This research is a qualitative research and has been done using the content analysis of semi-structured interviews with experts. Thematic analysis was used to extract the hidden concepts related to the factors affecting nomadic tourism and were classified into two categories of positive and negative factors. Positive factors that have a positive impact on the development of nomadic tourism include: social capital, government activism, environmental power, cultural and symbolic capital, economic power, facilities and infrastructure, and empowerment of nomadic society. Negative factors in the development of nomadic tourism also included cultural barriers, social barriers, environmental barriers, cognitive-knowledge barriers, and inattention to nomads.

Today, health tourism is one of the leading industries in urban development that has been able to create positive changes in cities. Color tourism or color therapy is one of the new types of health tourism that improves the mental health of citizens and tourists. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to plan the development of health tourism of color therapy in order to develop the city of Germi. The present research is descriptive-analytical in nature and applied in terms of purpose and its statistical population consists of experts from Germi city. They were researched, selected and questioned. Strategic management models (SOAR and QFD) have also been used to analyze the obtained data. The results of the Swarm matrix indicate that 7 strengths and 5 opportunities for color tourism or color therapy in the city of Germi have been identified, in which 3 ideals are aligned and 6 results are formulated. In addition, 6 strategies have been developed to achieve these results and ideals. Finally, prioritizing strategies using the quality house model showed that the strategy of "using regional investors to develop color / color therapy tourism" is the most important strategy for developing color / color therapy tourism in the city of Germi. In addition to this strategy, there are strategies of "using public participation in the development of color / color therapy tourism and using the serious determination of regional and national officials to develop color / color therapy tourism." Financial resources, which happened to be all three of the basic needs of this research, are the most important factors in the development of color tourism or color therapy in the city of Germi.

Nomadic regions of Iran with their unique cultural and natural attractions are considered as one of the most important options for the development of ecotourism in the country. However, the framework and factors of nomadic tourism development have been less considered in previous studies. Accordingly, the present study aims to provide a model for the development of nomadic tourism by using the structural modeling-interpretation approach. For this purpose, the required data were collected and analyzed from the Shahsavan nomadic areas in northwestern Iran with a qualitative-quantitative research approach. For this purpose, using snowball sampling and through semi-structured interviews with 19 tourism experts consisting of university professors, tourism experts and nomadic community, the dimensions and factors affecting the development of nomadic tourism were identified and categorized. In the next step, using interpretive structural modeling (ISM), the relationships between the dimensions were determined and analyzed in an integrated way, then using MICMAC analysis, independent, dependent, effective and two key aspects in the development of nomadic tourism were identified. The results showed that empowerment of nomadic community as the key two-way variable is one of the most important drivers of nomadic tourism development and its strengthening and development should be a priority in policy and planning for nomadic tourism development. On the other hand, social capital, government activism, structural-institutional factors were identified as strategic variables affecting the development of nomadic tourism.

The purpose of the present study is to examine the moderating role of good governance in the relationship between globalization and economic growth in developing countries. Four models were used in this study and the coefficients of indices in these four models were measured with and without control indices. The method of data analysis using the unbalanced panel data method is the GLS. The study used data from 132 developing countries between 2007 and 2017. The model estimation results show that the governance index has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth index and also the globalization index has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth and finally good governance as a moderating variable in the relationship between globalization index and economic growth. It has a positive and significant effect. The results show that good governance by providing business and investment opportunities can enhance the impact of globalization on economic growth. Good governance by focusing on improving the efficiency of the economy contributes to the growth and expansion of globalization.

Productivity, innovation and competitive advantage are an organization's main goal in today’s dynamic environment. It is attained through improving the quality of communication between employees. In this study, therefore, to check the quality of the relationship between religiosity and spirituality being two key factors in the workplace have been selected for the study. The research was descriptive-correlational. The population included 274 employees in Payam -Noor University of Ardebil province, and the sample size was estimated to be 160 using Morgan table. Random sampling was used to determine the sample. To collect data, Serajzadeh religiosity questionnaire (1377) and Mylyman spirituality in the workplace questionnaire (2003) were employed. The results of the analysis of the data showed that religiosity has a significant effect on spirituality of the staff in their workplace. The beta coefficient showed that experience factor accounted for 30%, ritual factor 28%, and the religious factor predicted 16% of the spirituality in the workplace. So, managers should create a spiritual atmosphere in the organization. The spiritual atmosphere in the organization to create an environment with great interaction between employees and the organization will help gain a competitive advantage.

Extended Abstract: Service organizations such as hotels seek to achieve efficiency and profitability in the development of appropriate services to clients. Thus¡ in competition with others¡ those organizations are successful that have creativity and innovation in creating opportunities and can use the existing opportunities innovatively. In today’s turbulent market environment¡ many businesses are facing increasing competition and they have to increase the quality of their products and services. In some businesses such as travel¡ tourism¡ catering and banking the delivery of high quality services to consumers is increasingly recognized as a key factor affecting the performance of the firm. Some dissatisfied customers express their dissatisfaction to sellers through their complaining behaviors¡ while others do not necessarily report their dissatisfaction directly to the sellers. They tend to remain silent about the problems¡ or they seek support via social networking sites. Because of these tendencies¡ it is not enough to retain or recover customers just by handling complaints in e-commerce. Other post-purchase behaviors triggered by dissatisfaction should also be carefully examined
In the tourism industry¡ the study about service quality¡ customer satisfaction and intention to revisit are important elements for developing marketing strategies about how tourism products are designed to satisfy the needs of target market.
One of the best ways for achieving innovation is the use of customer''s information¡ capabilities¡ complaints and grievances. With all these in mind¡ the present research investigates the role of client kinds (current¡ satisfied¡ dissatisfied¡ comparative and critical) on innovation in hotel services. Many organizations are considered troublesome dissatisfied customers while they give you the weaknesses of the organization without cost and this provides an opportunity for organizations to improve their services.
Hotel and lodging services as one of the important pillars of the tourism industry''s need for capital and consumer information for this type of service institutions is more necessary. The hotel managers and staff can viewpoints and fuels complaints of customers use to improve their services.
Lee¡ et al. (2004) investigated the relationship between service quality and satisfaction and their influences on behavioral intentions among foreign visitors. They found that service quality proved to be an antecedent of satisfaction¡ and satisfaction played a partial mediating role between service quality and behavioral intention. Baloglu¡ et al. (2003) examined the relationships among destination performance¡ overall satisfaction¡ and behavioral intention of various market segments among Canadian visitors to Las Vegas. They found that overall satisfaction played a mediating role between destination performance and behavioral intention¡ both at the individual segment level and at the aggregate sample level. Nevertheless¡ they did not find a direct relationship between destination performance and behavioral intention. While Cole and Scott (2004) studied the mediating role of experience quality between performance quality and overall satisfaction¡ the results showed that experience quality fully mediated the relationship between performance quality and overall satisfaction¡ while overall satisfaction in turn had a significant effect on revisit intention.
The research method is descriptive-correlation. A questionnaire was used as the main tool to collect data. The standardized Duverger Questionnaire was used to evaluate the kinds of customers. Cummings and Paramita Questionnaire were utilized to evaluate innovation. The sample included 130 employees and managers of hotels in Ardabil. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used to analyze the data. To determine the validity and reliability of Cronbach''s alpha coefficient was used. Client divided to five ordinary customers¡ satisfied¡ dissatisfied¡ comparator and critics and three types of service innovation and product innovation¡ process innovation and management innovation is tested questionnaires distributed.
Research Findings :Pearson correlation test was used to test hypotheses. results showed that there is a positive correlation between client kinds and innovation in hotels. The five types of customers are positive and significant role in innovation in hotel. Furthermore¡ In order to achieve a decisive role in predicting which of customer innovation regression analysis was used to repeatedly input. results showed that dissatisfied clients had more impact on the innovation than other clients.
The results showed that a significant and positive relationship among the five types of customers and innovation in the hotel. Based on the findings¡ recommendations are made for using dissatisfied customers ideas¡ especially through the Suggestion Box¡ welcoming their requests¡ using personal and follow-up questionnaires as well as getting information about the needs and demands for reform and innovation in the services provided in hotels. Also recommended for each type of asset and the view of all customers as they use¡ each of these different points of view about the hotel can provide and these points of view are necessary to provide an innovative service in the hotel¡ Dissatisfied customers and critics express your weaknesses and customers comparator¡ the strengths of the other hotels you say¡ these are all opportunities that are available to you free of charge and it is you who decide how to use them. According to research findings each customer can help hotels in all three areas of innovation in service and product innovation¡ process innovation and management innovation.

Organizational citizenship behavior is a type of voluntary behavior that is displayed out of the person’s own willingness, without any extrinsic motivation.This behavior is beyond the predefined duties of the employee and is done for helping out the organization or the customer, and entails no compensation. Existence of people with such behavior in organizations, not only helps accomplishing the organizational goals, but also acts a source of competitive advantage for institutions. The fruit of such behavior in individual level is loyalty of employees to organization and the job. This loyalty in tourism and hotelieringarenas translates into multiple returning of tourists and recommendation of destinations to others. Respecting the importance of organizational citizenship behavior in prosperity of hotels and formation of tourist loyalty, the current research engages in the study of its influence on loyalty of tourists accommodating in 2 and 3 stared hotels of Sarein. The method is descriptive-survey type. Statistical population encompasses the customers, managers and employees of different sections of hotels. Findings of the research revealed that indexes of citizenship behavior influence the tourist’s loyalty by different weights. In the end, some suggestions are provided for the hotel managers.