z. habibi

‎Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring with identity‎, ‎$I$ be an ideal of $R$‎, ‎and $M$ be an $R$-module‎. ‎Let $k\geqslant‎ -‎1$ be an arbitrary integer‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we introduce the notions of $\Rad_M(I)$ and $\ara_M(I)$‎ ‎as the radical and the arithmetic rank of $I$ with respect to $M$‎, ‎respectively‎. ‎We show that the existence of some sort of regular sequences‎ ‎can be depended on $\dim M/IM$ and so‎, ‎we can get some information about local cohomology modules as well‎. ‎Indeed‎, ‎if $\ara_M(I)=n\geq 1$ and ${(\Supp_{R}(M/IM))}_{>k}=\emptyset$‎ ‎(e.g.‎, ‎if $\dim M/IM=k$)‎, ‎then there exist $n$ elements $x_1‎, ..., ‎x_n$ in $I$‎ ‎which is a poor $k$-regular $M$-sequence and generate an ideal‎ ‎with the same radical as $\Rad_M(I)$ and so‎ ‎$H^i_I(M)\cong H^i_{(x_1‎, ..., ‎x_n)}(M)$ for all $i\in \mathbb{N}_0$‎. ‎As an application‎, ‎we show that $\ara_M(I) \leq \dim M+1$‎, ‎which is a refinement of the inequality $\ara_R(I) \leq \dim R+1$ for modules‎, ‎attributed to Kronecker and Forster‎. ‎Then‎, ‎we prove‎ ‎$\dim M-\dim M/IM \leq \cd(I‎, ‎M) \leq \ara_M(I) \leq \dim M$‎, ‎if $(R‎, ‎\mathfrak{m})$ is a local ring and $IM \neq M$‎.

Quenching-partitioning heat treatment steels (Q-P) are among the third generation of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) that have been expanded due to having a significant set of mechanical properties including high strength along with appropriate flexibility. The principles of segmentation thermal operations are based on carbon infiltration from martensite to Return austenite (􀀃􀀄) and stabilization of 􀀃􀀄 In the present study, a high strength steel containing Ti microalloy was subjected to Q-P and Q-P-T heat treatment and compared in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties. After quenching-partitioning (Q-P) and quenching-partitioningtempering (Q-P-T) heat treatments were applied to the sheet samples, their properties were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), microhardness measurement. , tensile test and Erickson's test were evaluated. The results showed that the strength and failure strain of Q-P samples were measured as 1062 MPa and 24% and Q-P-T samples as 894 MPa and 27% respectively. Q-P samples showed more strength and less flexibility than Q-P-T samples.

Nepeta is one of the most important genus from the fam. lamiaceae with more than 280 species. In this study, N. haussknechtii Bornm. was collected at the flowering stage from Ardabil province, Iran and its chloroform extract was prepared. The chloroform crude extract was subjected to the successive column chromatography on the silica gel using n-hexane–ethyl acetate solvent gradient to yield 29 fractions. Further purification of the fraction No.5 resulted in the isolation of one known steroid namely β-sitosterol (1). In addition, the known triterpenoid oleanolic acid (2) was identified from the purification of the more polar fraction No.9. The compounds were assigned by the mass spectrometry, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, and 1H1H COSY. Finally, the structures of compounds were confirmed by comparison of the spectral data with those described in the literature.

Compressive sensing (CS) theory has been widely used in various fields, such as wireless communications. One of the main issues in the wireless communication field in recent years is how to identify block-sparse systems. We can follow this issue, by using CS theory and block-sparse signal recovery algorithms.

This paper presents a new block-sparse signal recovery algorithm for the adaptive block-sparse system identification scenario, named stochastic block normalized iterative hard thresholding (SBNIHT) algorithm. The proposed algorithm is a new block version of the SSR normalized iterative hard thresholding (NIHT) algorithm with an adaptive filter framework. It uses a search method to identify the blocks of the impulse response of the unknown block-sparse system that we wish to estimate. In addition, the necessary condition to guarantee the convergence for this algorithm is derived in this paper.

Simulation results show that the proposed SBNIHT algorithm has a better performance than other algorithms in the literature with respect to the convergence and tracking capability.

In this study, one new greedy algorithm is suggested for the block-sparse system identification scenario. Although the proposed SBNIHT algorithm is more complex than other competing algorithms but has better convergence and tracking capability performance. The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.

In this study, the chloroform extract of Ferula ovina (fam. Apiaceae) stems was investigated. The plants were collected at the flowering stage from Tehran province (Damavand), Iran. The extract was purified using column chromatography on silica gel with a solvent gradient of n-hexane-ethyl acetate and yielded 12 fractions. Further purification of the fractions resulted in the isolation and identification of four monoterpenoid ester derivatives named tschimgine (1), (1S,2R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl 4-methoxy benzoate (2), (1S,2R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoate (3) and stylosin (4). So far, no report has been found on the isolation and structure identification of the compound No.2. The structure of the compounds was determined by spectroscopic analysis andfinally confirmed by comparison of their spectral data, melting points, and optical rotations with those described in the literature.

Fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease reduces their professional productivity, concentration, sex drive, and performance, leading them toward lethargy. Overcoming this issue requires the involvement of the patient and the family in the care and management of the disease. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the family-oriented empowerment model on the fatigue level of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

This clinical trial was conducted on 72 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their family caregivers. The subjects were selected via convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control (36 per each). The family-oriented empowerment training program was implemented in four 90-minute sessions based on the four steps of perceived threat, problem-solving, educational participation, and evaluation in groups of 10-15 participants in the presence of the family members in the form of a panel for the intervention group. The intervention group was followed-up by the research team for three months to respond to the issues, care problems, and knowledge required for care. The final evaluation was performed three months after the intervention by completing the fatigue questionnaire again. Data analysis was performed in SPSS using paired t-test, independent t-test, Fisher's exact test, and Chi-square.

At baseline, the intervention and control groups had no significant difference in terms of the mean score of fatigue (P=0.5). After the intervention, the mean score of fatigue in the intervention group was significantly different from the control group (P=0.01). In addition, the mean score of fatigue significantly decreased after the intervention compared to before the intervention (P<0.001).

According to the results, the empowerment of the family members responsible for the care of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease could decrease fatigue in the patients. Therefore, the healthcare programs of chronic patients should be focused on the caregivers of the patients in addition to the patients.

The aerial parts of Salvia persepolitana Boiss. were collected during the flowering stage from IlamProvince. Purification of chloroform extract of S. persepolitana was carried out by column chromatography on silica gel with a gradient of n-hexan/ethyl acetate. At the end of chromatography, the column was eluted by methanol. Further purification was carried out by column chromatography (smaller columns) and thin layer chromatography (glass plates) in n-hexane–ethyl acetate as solvent for several times and yielded pure compounds. The structure of purified natural products was elucidated by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Mass spectrometry. The chloroform extract of S. persepolitana yielded two known diterpenoids as manool and sclareol and one known flavonoid namely ladanein. The amount of purified sclareol was 3% (18g) of the total plant weight, so S. persepolitana can be a good sourse for sclareol.

The aerial parts of Haussknechtia elymaitica Boiss. (Umbelliferae) which is endemic to Iranwerecollected during the flowering stage from Ilam province. The chloroform extract of H. elymaitica was investigated and asaronic acid and two phenyl propanoids, trans- asarone and trans-methyl isoeugenol were isolated. The structure of these natural products was elucidated using 1H and 13C NMR data.