zaenal arifin

Synbiotics containing prebiotics and probiotics are commonly applied in aquaculture, which serves mutual benefits. This study focused on applying alginate, spirulina water extract (SWE), and Lactobacillus bulgaricusprobiotics in Litopenaeus vannameisupplementation feed via oral administration at low salinity (1 ppt). The survival rate, growth, and biomass were determined as well as the immune-related gene expression of ProPhenol Oxidase (PO), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Lipopolysaccharide Beta Glucan Binding Protein (LGBP) were assessed. Gene-related salinity stressors, namely insulin-like growth Factor (IGF) and Heat Shock Protein (HSP), were also determined. The factorial design with two factors was applied (supplemented and non-supplemented; 1 ppt and 30 ppt mediums) and replicated thrice. 1,000 shrimps (500 ind.m2) at the initial weight of 0.2±0.05 g were reared in the semi-mass culture at 2 tons medium for 56 days. Growth was monitored weekly. The results show that shrimp fed supplementation of (Alg 3.0 g.kg-1+ 5.0 mg SWE.kg-1) in 1 ppt medium (P<0.05) reached the best survival rate, biomass, and gene expression (PO, LGBP, HSP, and IGF), except Lectin. These prebiotics of macro and microalga from Indonesia's tropical coast supported the environmentally friendly and sustainable approach. Promising anoteworthy future in culturing L. vannameiin low salinity.

The Internet of Things (IoT) emerged as a pivotal catalyst in shaping the landscape of Industrial Revolution 4.0. Its integration within the manufacturing sector holds transformative potential for enhancing productivity on the production shop floor. Real-time monitoring of production processes becomes feasible through the implementation of IoT. Allows companies to promptly assess whether production outcomes align with predetermined plans, facilitating agile adjustments for swift improvements. In the face of volatile consumer demand, the company can efficiently strategize planned production approaches in response to significant shifts in consumer needs. This study endeavours to design a robust real-time production monitoring system employing the Internet of Things paradigm. The system's architecture emphasizes embedding sensors within the production floor processes to discern product types. Subsequently, a web platform enables seamless dissemination of production data to all relevant components. By leveraging real-time monitoring capabilities through IoT, the company gains the agility to swiftly decide and adapt production strategies, especially amid dynamic shifts in consumer demand.

The effect of region of interest (ROI) size variation on producing accurate noise levels is not yet studied.  This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ROI sizes on the accuracy of noise measurement in computed tomography (CT) by using images of a computational and American College of Radiology (ACR) phantoms. In this experimental study, two phantoms were used, including computational and ACR phantoms. A computational phantom was developed by using Matlab R215a software (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA Natick, MA) with a homogeneously +100 Hounsfield Unit (HU) value and an added-Gaussian noise with various levels of 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 HU. The ACR phantom was scanned with a Philips MX-16 slice CT scanner in different slice thicknesses of 1.5, 3, 5, and 7 mm to obtain noise variation. Noise measurement was conducted at the center of the phantom images and four locations close to the edge of the phantom images using different ROI sizes from 3×3 to 41×41 pixels, with an increased size of 2×2 pixels.  The use of a minimum ROI size of 21×21 pixels shows noise in the range of ±5% ground truth noise. The measured noise increases above the ±5% range if the used ROI is smaller than 21×21 pixels.   A minimum acceptable ROI size is required to maintain the accuracy of noise measurement with a size of 21×21 pixels.

Precipitated CaCO3 (PCC) with calcite and aragonite phases have been successfully synthesized using natural limestone. Synthesis of PCC was carried out by the simple method of carbonation using slurry Ca(OH)2 with a variation of CO2 gas flow rate at room temperature and variation of temperatures at a constant  CO2 gas flow rate. The raw material used is a very high purity Madura Island limestone. The PCC product was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). PCC on CO2 gas flow variation produced the same phase, calcite with the characteristic of 2θ = 29.23° (104), rhombohedral cubic morphology, and a wavenumber of 712 cm-1 as displayed from the FTIR spectra. The mixture of aragonite and calcite phase was observed in PCC products with temperature variations of 60 - 90°C. The characteristic aragonite was observed at 2θ = 26.2° with needle-like morphology. The highest fraction of aragonite was at the temperature of 60°C at 71.35%.

Computed tomography dose index (CTDI) phantoms are used to optimize CT examinations in terms of image quality and the received dose. In this study, we aimed to develop cost-effective head CTDI phantoms from polyester-resin (PESR) materials as alternative phantoms. The PESR was mixed with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) as a catalyst. The ratios of MEKP to PESR were 1:150, 1:200, 1:250, and 1:300, respectively. The phantom dimensions were designed similar to the standard CTDI phantom, i.e., length of 15 cm and diameter of 16 cm with five holes (diameter, 1.31 cm). The CTDI measurements using the PESR-MEKP phantoms were compared with the CTDI measurements using the standard polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom. The results showed that the CTDI valuesof the PESR-MEKP phantoms were slightly higher (up to 6%) than the standard PMMA phantom. It was found that the CTDI measured by the PESR-MEKP phantom with a ratio of 1:300 had the least significant difference from the standard PMMA phantom; also, at this ratio, the phantom was the most homogeneous. The head CTDI phantoms based on PESR-MEKP materials were developed and evaluated in this study. It was found that the PR-MEKP phantom with a MEKP-to-PESR ratio of 1:300 was insignificantly different from the standard PMMA phantom. Also, the phantom was constructed easily at a more reasonable cost, compared to the standard phantom.