zahra korani

The main goal of this article is the sociological explanation of the crises of regional governments and its effect on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method in this study is sociological explanation using Lucien Pai's theories and information gathering tools from library and internet sources. The basic question of the current research is: From the perspective of Lucien Pai's theory, what effect does the six crises of fragile states have on Iran's national security? The results of the research show that the regional fragile states such as Iraq, Afghanistan and Syria are somehow immersed in the crises considered by Lucinpai and their capacity and ability to solve these crises has greatly decreased, which is a matter of security concerns and consequences for Iran's interests. accompanied laying the groundwork for the presence of foreign powers in these countries and the security threats caused by this presence for the Islamic Republic; The emergence of terrorism and unrest in Iran's borders; The emergence of Salafist takfiri groups and efforts to weaken the resistance front are among the security consequences of these fragile governments for the Islamic Republic of Iran. In general, it can be pointed out that these crises have external and foreign origins rather than having internal roots, which means that the regional countries, especially the America at the head of them, are trying to create a crisis and intensify the crisis in fragile countries, the national security of the Islamic Republic. to threaten Iran.

The theory of planned behavior is used to recognize and understand environmental and personal factors affecting behavior, considering that this theory has been widely used to predict behavior, therefore this research aims to investigate the factors affecting The lack of students' inclination to study in Kermanshah's vocational colleges was based on Ajzen theory of planned behavior. The statistical population of the research included all the students of the third grade of the first secondary school of Kermanshah province in the academic year of 2020-2021 (14824 persons); From this number and based on the table of Bartlett et al., 370 students were selected as a sample in a two-stage cluster and proportional assignment method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on Ajzen model, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and the ordinal Theta coefficient. The results showed that the three constructs of belief in self-efficacy, attitude towards agricultural science, and society's norms explain 40 Percent of the variance of students' intention to choose the agricultural science field, and among these three constructs, Society's norms were recognized as the most effective factor.

The purpose of the study was to analyzing the effect of most important socio-cultural characteristics and as well as entrepreneurial self-efficacy on students' entrepreneurial intention considering resources-based view in Razi university (N = 1439). 178 students were selected as statistical sample using stratified sampling method (based on the gender) and Cochran's formula. The main tool of data gathering was a researcher-made questioner which its validity and reliability were confirmed using Content Validity Ratio (CVR≥ 0.75) and Cronbach alpha (α≥ 0.74). Data were analyzed using Excel 2013 and SPSS Ver.22 software. Findings showed that despite the male students have higher entrepreneurial intention than females, no significant difference was observed between them. However, this difference based on the variables of residence and marital status was significant. Univariate analyses of variance indicated that students' financial resources don't have significant effect on their entrepreneurial intention. However, when considering its interaction effect alongside self-efficacy, this effect becomes significant. In other word, by simultaneously increasing the level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy of students and their financial resources, their entrepreneurial intention also improves significantly.

The decline American hegemony has been one of the most important topics in international relations literature in recent years, which has always occupied the minds of many global analysts and politicians. During recent decades, by following the example other nations of the region from the fundamentals and principles of the Islamic revolution and by taking advantage of the developments the Islamic awakening, form unwritten alliance between the governments and nations the West Asian region, centered on power Islamic resistance was formed confront the arrogant policies and finally the gradual decline American hegemony in the West Asian region. The main question of the present research is raised follows: What effect the formation and expansion the power the Islamic resistance axis the West Asian region had the decline of American hegemony (problem); We will deal with the current research using descriptive-analytical approach (method); The findings of the research at both regional and international levels, including: unity and de-tension between the governments West Asian region, the dynamics and formation of the balance of power the international arena, anger and public disgust of the nations. From the United States the West Asian region, the spread of the values of the Islamic Revolution and the dynamics of the Islamic system within the nations and governments of the region will be the failure of global coalitions and alliances centered the United States and its allies (findings).

the present descriptive-correlation research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between information and communication technology and the job performance of teachers in conservatories and agricultural training centers in Kermanshah province through the mediating role of organizational agility. The participants in this research were 267 teachers of conservatories and agricultural education Centers in Kermanshah province (N=267), who were counted according to their number. To collect data from three standard information and communication technology questionnaires of Mahmoudi (2012); Patterson's job performance questionnaire (1990) and Sharifi and Zhang's organizational agility questionnaire (2002) were used.The convergent validity of the questionnaire was also calculated through AVE, which was obtained as 0.78.The research tool was checked through the ordinal theta coefficient (0.83-0.87) using R software, and the ordinal theta rate was 0.83 for information and communication technology, 0.86 for job performance, and 0.86 for organizational agility. 0.85 And overall 0.87 was obtained.SPSSwin22 and Smart PLSwin3 software were used for data analysis.Based on the results of the Pearson correlation coefficient, there was a positive and significant relationship between the development of information and communication technology and organizational agility, as well as between organizational agility and the job performance of agricultural educators.. Information and communication technology as an independent variable had a significant effect on two dependent variables, i.e. job performance and organizational agility. So that information and communication technology accounted for 57% of the total variance of job performance and 34% of the total variance of organizational agility explains.

Recognize opportunities and take advantage of them. The present causal research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between Presence knowledge and entrepreneurial capabilities of agricultural students in Razi University. Participants in this study were 988 students majoring in agriculture and natural resources of Razi University in the academic year 1401-1400 and in three levels of bachelor, master and doctorate (N = 988) that based on Krejcie and Morgan's table, 276 of them were selected as the sample by stratified random sampling with proportional assignment. For data collection, two questionnaires of information literacy (Presence knowledge) of the American College of Library and Research Libraries and the standard questionnaire of entrepreneurship of Durham City Council were used. The formal and visual validity of the research tool approved by professors entrepreneurship also the professors from the Faculty of Agriculture who had experience in the subject. Convergent validity was performed by calculation (AVE) which was equal to 0.8. The reliability of the research instrument was evaluated by the ordinal theta coefficient, which was acceptable. Based on the results, doctoral students had higher Presence knowledge and entrepreneurial ability. But the level of information aristocracy and entrepreneurial ability of undergraduate students was below average. According to Spearman Correlation coefficient, students' Presence knowledge and its dimensions had a positive Correlation with entrepreneurship. Based on the results of sequential regression, the dimensions of information Presence knowledge between 20 to 30% of students' entrepreneurial ability.

High unemployment of agricultural graduates is one of the main concerns of Iran’s higher education sys tem, which can reduce the motivation of Agricultural s tudents to be educated. Therefore, this research eliminate conducted to provide a pattern to empower Razi University agricultural s tudents to enter Iran’s market. with a Mixed (quantitative-qualitative) exploratory research design applied to conduct this research. Grounded theory for the quantitative part and cause-correlation method used to handle the quantitative part. The s tatis tical population of the qualitative part Consis ted of 108 agricultural faculty members at Razi University, Iran.By Interviewing 21 of them researcher achieved theoretical saturation threshold. In 2020-2021, there were 644 people, which according to Krejcie and Morgan table, 238 people were selected as a sample by proportional s tratified random sampling method. Data were collected through interviews in the qualitative section, which resulted in the design of a s tudent empowerment mode. In the quantitative part, information was collected from s tudents through a ques tionnaire that the content validity of the ques tionnaire was confirmed by opinion polls and convergent validity was confirmed by calculating CR = 0.82 and AVE = 0.77. The reliability of the ques tionnaire was determined using R software and the sequential theta coefficient was calculated for different parts of the ques tionnaire (Ө = 0.75-91) and the designed pattern was validated. Qualitative data analysis was performed through three s tages of open, axial and selective coding using Maxqda16 software. In the quantitative part, SPSSwin16 to inves tigate individual characteris tic and the partial leas t squares method using smartpls3 software to evaluate the measurement model. S tructural and hypothesis tes ts were used. The results of the research in the qualitative part resulted in the identification of 65 indicators in the form of seven categories of entrepreneurial, educational and research, psychological, ins titutional, environmental, individual and governmental factors. The results of the quantitative part of the research showed that all 7 research hypotheses are approved. Also, the value of multiple coefficients for s tructural equation is above 0.90, which shows that the exogenous independent variables related to empowerment have been able to explain more than 0.90 of the changes of the dependent variable. Due to the importance of empowering s tudents in the s tudy period to enter the job market and alignment of faculty members and s tudents comments on the components and indicators related to empowerment, the results of the research can be used to enhance s tudent's empowerment.

Western thinkers, relying on this Orientalist discourse, as Edward Said says, is a system of power-knowledge that with Orientalization. The East makes it possible to identify the West as a distinctly, exceptional and superior ontological and cognitive phenomenon. In fact, in postcolonial studies, the goal is that the type of representation must change. The represented image should act not in the direction of justifying superiority but in the direction of equality. Because the representations of the Eastern world, the colony is at an unequal level compared to the colonizer. They were expected to passively and silently allow the West to watch them as objects. The observer, far from the object being studied, is placed in a position as if she can stare at her object without being seen. Saeed's plan in dealing with such a method is representation. Representation itself is not reality but an external report and a kind of manipulated image of it. Representation is defined as "the production of meaning through conceptual and linguistic frameworks." The system of representation creates a copy of culture and makes them a reality. However, photography is inextricably linked to reality, and the existence of any photograph depends on the recording of a moment, subject, or reality in the external world, But it also allows the photographer to conceptualize. In fact, the photograph breaks a piece of time and place from its reality and creates a relatively independent text with its own meanings. In this article, in order to analyze the discourse, we will use image semiotics tools for better understanding. We will analyze the photos with the tools of substitution and companionship, interaction and contrast of signs, texture and background and intertextuality. In this way, a methodical framework can be used to analyze the photos. Due to the fact that Kermanshah was one of the main routes for Europeans to enter Iran, many orientalists have crossed this route And there are many books in this field. But few of these books contain photos or images. The purpose of this article is to review the content that includes photos or images of the area. Examining the images in these texts, we conclude that most of these images are in the structure of colonial relations and They are placed through the lens of knowing the East for the West and inducing a special framework to the East. A Otherness narrative, in which the West is at the center of discourse and can recognize and narrate another. This method is repeated by different tools. Texts, paintings, and photographs can all be analyzed alongside each other in order to exclude the East and design a central position for the West. In fact, the photo became a factor in maintaining the power of the West against the East. Most of the stereotypes that exist in order to show the superiority of the West and the backwardness of the East in the Orientalist discourse are also reflected in the images.

In recent decades, academic burnout has been recognized as one of the major academic challenges that have a negative impact on academic performance. Therefore, studying related to academic burnout is very important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and academic burnout.

The statistical population in this descriptive-correlation study was students of Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources in Razi University of Kermanshah. Respondents were 267 students who were selected by stratified sampling method. In order to collect data, self-efficacy questionnaire of Sherer et al. and academic burnout questionnaire of Bersu et al. were used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis).

The results indicate that academic burnout among students is more than average. Also, student self-efficacy was higher than average. In addition, the results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between self-efficacy and academic burnout. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that 30% of academic burnout is explained by self-efficacy. In other words, students with higher self-efficacy experience lower academic burnout.

This study findings’ have implications for higher education system. In this case, management programs should be designed in order to prevent academic burnout among students.

Experts believe that a solution to avoid the inefficiency of university graduates, especially graduates in Agriculture, is to revise the practical courses, especially internships, and transform and amend them. Taking this point into account, this study aimed to design a model for the internship course in the Iranian Agriculture Higher Education using the Delphi technique. The mental basis of this study was Akker’s ten-phase model. The panel was composed of the university professors supervising agriculture internship courses (N=34) and the employers to whom the students referred for passing the course (N=63). The results from the perspective of employers and the university professors, after three Delphi rounds, determined items for ten components of internship courses, i.e., logic, objectives and goals, content, learning activities, the role of trainer, materials, and resources, classification, location, time, evaluation and appraisal, which were used as the basis for the development of an internship model.

With the increasing use of herbs in natural treatments, this branch of complementary medicine has found a special place in the treatment of diseases. Herbal medicine in diseases and especially infectious diseases has improved in recent years. The antimicrobial and antifungal and anti-cancer effects of these plants in Iran have been the source of many researches and at the end, this research can lead to self-sufficiency in the country's pharmaceutical industry. Among these plants, could be considered to broccoli with medicinal and many antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Broccoli with scientific name. Brassica oleracea L is a member of the Brassicaceae cabbage family. The important thing about the impact of this plant is its climatic condition, which will be effective on its anatomical structure which is an important goal of this research. In this study, specimens of two Different Climates from Arak and Theran was perepared then The broccoli vegetative and reproductive organs were cut and fixied in 90% Ethanol alcohol fixatin. Then After the preparatory steps, including cleaning and washing,stained and were studied by photomicroscope. Interestingly, with regard to the tissues resistant to this plant, climate change has had no effect on broccoli. Only the amount of leaf parenchyma and number of vessels in The petiole, leaf, stem and anther organs were effective. Finally, it can be concluded that due to the resistance of this plant, it can be used in different climates without worrying about changing its properties to the use of this plant for medicinal purposes.

The purpose of this study was to explain the scenario, strategies and solutions for development of rural tourism through mixed method. The data collected from tourism experts selected by snowball method.  For analyzing the data SWOT technique was used. Initially, interviews conducted with 37 experts of tourism in order to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Rijab region for rural tourism development. In the second step, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were presented to the experts in a questionnaire to determine the importance and status of each item. According to the respondents, the most important strengths of the region for the development of tourism are the presence of a beautiful and unique landscape with green space. The main disadvantage of the Rijab area is the inadequacy and inadequacy of accommodation and welfare facilities. The most important opportunity in Rijab was the presence of fish breeding pools and the significant threat of Rijab far and distance of the country's tourist centers .After analyzing the questionnaires, the weaknesses in the internal factors matrix and the external threats matrix were predominant, and the defensive model for rural tourism development in the Rijab area was higher. According to the defensive model, strategies were identified based on which executive strategies for rural tourism development in the Rajab area was a higher priority. The results of this research can be effective in providing tourism development strategies. Therefore, it is necessary for planners to develop rural tourism, especially in the Rijab region based on the priority of the mentioned executive strategies mentioned in the present research; they sh ould take action to eliminate them in order to develop tourism.

Edward Saeed, in his important work "Orientalism", shows that the East described by the West is a space that is rarely related to the reality of East. The purpose of building the East is to make a distinction between the East and the West, and it is more for the West than the East. But he points out at the end of his book that East also finally accepts the supremacy of the West. In this research we analyze the works of the internal authors of the Qajar period regarding the Kermanshah region to show how they represent the area and measure their influence of the orientalist approach. By analyzing these works, we conclude that the domestic authors have used Orientalist methods. In a way that they place themselve at the center and sway the people of the region and they did not allow the subaltern to narrate themselves. The paper will show that Orientalist indices such as othering, ethtnocentring and etc. in domestic studies has been used, and colonization and tyranny have been the same in introducing people. The narratives presented are one-sided and do not place people in determining their own destiny.

The statistical population of the study consisted of agricultural students in the agricultural departments of the west of the country who were instructors (381=N), using the Morgan and Krejci tables, the sample size was estimated at 285 people. The second group consisted of faculty members who had an apprenticeship course at the universities and, due to their limited use, the census method was used. The third group included employers in the organizations that trainees had referred to their directorate to attend the internship, which were 63 one of them was selected by simple random sampling method. In the second part of the questionnaire, the attitude, satisfaction, apprenticeship problems of traineeship characteristics and occupational skills of students were examined from the students' point of view. In the third part of the questionnaire, the factors of improvement of the internship period were asked from employers and faculty members. To measure the reliability of the questionnaire, a tentative t test was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire through a pre-test, and through R software for different sectors (θ =. /84 to ./95). The means showed that satisfaction of students from internship courses is low based on the results of exploratory factor analysis. Improvement of the internship period was a collaborative, managerial, economic and governmental-supporting factors based on the results of linear regression of three management, economic and governmental factors - Support for more explanatory power than other factors in the improvement of apprenticeships.

In today's turbulent business environment, organizations face the need to rapidly respond to demands, explore new opportunities, apply evolving technologies, and create novel competitive advantages. Knowledge Management (KM) and Organizational Entrepreneurship (OE) are two strategic tools through which companies can concurrently improve their competitive advantage while seeking new potential opportunities. Since KM and OE practically help to improve organizational performance through their own resources, they not only seem to be interrelated but they also influence each other. In this regard, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of KM on the OE among agricultural extension experts in Kermanshah Province, Iran. The population of this study consisted of all agricultural extension experts in Jihad-e-Agriculture management and centers of agricultural services in Kermanshah Province (N=536). Using Bartlett’s et al. (2001) sampling table, 155 extension experts were selected as the sample using the proportionate stratified sampling method (n=155). The main instrument used in this study was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts, and its reliability was established by a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient (α> 0.70). The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that KM components (knowledge creation, knowledge acquisition, knowledge organizing, knowledge storage, knowledge dissemination and knowledge application) had significant and positive effect on OE among agricultural extension experts in Kermanshah Province.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate effect of access to health facilities on the health status of rural households at Kermanshah Province. Statistical pupation of this study consisted of all heads of rural households at Bisotoun district in Harsin Township, Kermanshah Province, Iran (N=1020), that 278 of them were selected by the cluster random sampling method. The main instrument of this study was a questionnaire which its validity confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that the health status of rural households was medium at the given district. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that 36% of the dependent variable (health status) is explained by five following variables: level of water availability, level of sewer system availability, and level of access to health services (e.g. toilet, bath, health home, etc.), access to resources and communication and information channels and the level of waste disposal system availability. The results of this study can be considered by authorities and politicians so that they can pay more attention to the rural health issues.

This investigation carried out to investigat the attitude of agricultural and natural resources students towards application of IT at University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran.The research was conducted as a descriptive–correlation. The staticsitcal population was all students of the University College (N=3143) fram that 218 students were selected as statistical sample by using a stratified sampling method and Cochran statistics.The data were gathered by a questionnaire which made by researcher and it is content validity was confirmed by using a panel of experts consisting of IT and senior faculty members in agricultural extension and education. Cronbach’s alpha showed that the reliability of questionnaire was desirable. The results indicated that 88/5 percent of students had positive attitude toward applicat of information technology in Agricultural higher education. Results of regression analysis indicated that English skills, internet use skills, computer skills, using internet and computer expiained 47/1 percent of the variance in the dependent variable(IT). The results of path analysis showed that, English language skills, use of internet, Computer application skills, internet use skills, and the use of computer directly effected the attitude of towards the use of IT.

Because of its special geopolitical, geostrategic and geo-economic characteristics, the Caucasus is one of the most troubled controversial areas in the world. Due to its rich oil and gas fields, important location in regional transit, favorable markets for the export of goods and its political importance, which owes to ethnic conflicts, political instability and lack of democracy, it has attracted regional and international powers. The most important regional and international players are Russia, the US, Iran, Turkey, Europe and Israel among which Russia and the US have more significant roles. Russia’s major goals are: using the countries located in this region as a buffer zone, providing easy access to the Middle East and Southern Asia, balancing international relations and securing economic interests. Russia tries to re-emerge as an international power and regain the position it lost after the breakup of the Soviet Union. What the US tries to achieve is providing access to the region for a predicted future, controlling other countries’ access to the region, influencing the region and leading the Central Asian countries to a supported independence which results in political stability and economic growth. The US also tries to control Islamism and isolate Iran. The European Union is mainly seeking economic interests in the region. Also, Europe diligently tries to help these countries to maintain their independence and promote democracy. In their relations with the Central Asian countries, the European countries try to secure Russia’s interest because they believe that after undergoing economic revival Russia can play a major role in Europe. Israel tries to secure its position in this region, especially in the Muslim countries, so that it can develop political, economic and cultural relations and improve its international and regional legitimacy, and undermine the role of religion in conflicts between Israel and the Arab countries, facilitate Jews immigration to Israel, limit fundamentalism and benefit from the economic, agricultural and industrial capacities of the region. Enhancing regional cooperation and removing security worries of the region are the major aims of Iran in its relations with the countries in the region. The main strategic factors include Iran and Central Asia’s future relations with Russia and the US. In fact, the establishment of a security belt in the northern borders of Iran, especially by international powers has posed territorial, economic and cultural threats to Iran.