فهرست مطالب zeinab hamzehgardeshi

Infertility is a major life event that can induce severe psychological stress in couples, especially women. This protocol-based study aims to assess the effect of an abbreviated online mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on the distress and quality of life (QoL) of infertile women undergoing assisted reproductive technology fertility treatments.

This study outlines a protocol for a randomized clinical trial involving 70 infertile women in Iran, who will be randomly divided into two groups of control (n=35) and intervention (n=35). To collect data, a sociodemographic/medical-fertility form, the general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), Newton’s fertility problem inventory, the infertility distress scale (IDS), and the QoL questionnaire for infertile women will be used. The online MBI will provided in groups of seven, once per week, for four weeks, each session for two hours. Data analysis will be performed in SPSS software, version 25.

The goal of this protocol-based study is to introduce a clinical trial that assess the effect of online MBI for reducing distress and thereby improving the QoL and mental health of infertile women in Iran. Given the prevalence of infertility and the importance of MBI, the results of the clinical trial can be highly beneficial.

The quality of sexual life is one of the important branches of the quality of life and it is a means to examine the relationship between sexual problems and the quality of life. The meaning of life is also one of the indicators affecting the quality of life. Among the country's population, students are exposed to questions about the meaning of life due to being in a period of youth transformation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the meaning in life and the quality of sexual life of married students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and their spouses in 2023.

In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, after being approved by the ethics committee with code IR.MAZUMS.REC.1401.17162, 185 couples of married students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and their spouses were included in the study in May and June 2023 with two stages stratified sampling method with proportional allocation. First, married students of each faculty was determined then participants were included with convenience method. Inclusion criteria were willingness to participate, being Iranian, being married, having a surviving spouse, and Monogamy, while exclusion criteria was unwillingness of the spouse to complete the questionnaire. They completed questionnaires on the Quality of sexual life, the Meaning in life, DASS-21, socio-economic status, and demographic-medical-psychological information form made by the researcher. SPSS 25 software and Pearson correlation coefficient, independent two-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and mixed model linear regression with Backward model were used. The drop rate was 20% and the significance level was P<0.05.

The response rate in this study was 87.2%. The average age of men is 31.88±7.87 and women is 28.81±8.34. The average score of the quality of sexual life of men and women in the study was 59.25±8.54 and 93.60±15.05. According to the paired t-test, the score of the quality of sexual life of men is 6.15±2.53 units higher and significant (P<0.001). According to mixed linear regression with the Backward model, there is a significant relationship between the quality of sexual life of couples with a marriage duration (6-10 years (r= -14.69) and 11-15 years (r= -19.08), place of living with family in the city (r=18.76) and village (r=27.43)), lack of privacy (r= -28.29), owning a residential house (r=7.64), not suffering from physical illness (r=15.09) and psychiatric illness (r=15.04), infertility (r= -10.00), lack of education on sexual issues (r= -6.76), socioeconomic status in the form of self-assessment of housing prices in the intermediate range (r=8.85) and self-assessment of financial ability to buy housing is very low (r= -14.52), depression (r= -1.93) and meaning of life (r=0.11)(p<0.05).

The meaning in life in the presence of other demographic, medical, psychological, and socioeconomic factors had a continuous and significant relationship with the quality of sexual life and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in planning related to students. further studies can be conducted to search for factors that improve the meaning of life and, accordingly, the quality of sexual life of students and their spouses.

Abnormal fear of childbirth (FOC) can leave many complications. Examining the factors that worsen the FOC is helpful in eliminating or modulating the fear. In this regard, we aim to investigate the relationship between psychological factors and the increase of the FOC.

This scoping review study was conducted in 2023 by searching for related studies in databases Scopus, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, IranDoc, MagIran, SID, and Google Scholar using related keywords. After screening the titles, abstracts, and full texts, 10 eligible descriptive-analytical studies were selected. Evaluation of their quality was done by the AXIS checklist.

The findings from 10 studies were divided into three groups based on the answer to the main research question. Four studies showed the relationship between FOC and depression. Six studies showed the relationship between FOC and anxiety, and three studies showed the relationship between FOC and self-esteem. In all students, the relationships were statistically significant (P<0.05).

Psychological factors of depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem are related to the increased FOC in women. In this regard, by designing intervention programs to eliminate related psychological factors, it is possible to prevent the increase of the FOC in women.

Context: 

Menorrhagia is an important healthcare challenge. Complementary and alternative medicine therapies are strategies with potential positive effects on menorrhagia.

 The aim of this study was to systematically assess the effects of herbal products on menorrhagia.

 This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Barekat Gostar, Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, and IranDoc international and Iranian databases, in addition to the Google Scholar search engine, were searched without any time or language limitation (updated until 02.07.2022). Eligible studies were combined through the random-effects model based on their sample sizes, mean scores, and standard deviations. Data analysis was performed at a significance level of less than 0.05 using STATA software (version 14.0).

 Nineteen trials on 1715 women (856 and 859 subjects in the control and intervention groups, respectively) were reviewed. After the intervention, menstrual bleeding severity in the first, second, and third cycles (P < 0.001) and the number of menstrual days in the first (P < 0.001), second (P < 0.001), and third (P = 0.487) menstrual cycles significantly decreased in the herbal products group. There were no significant between-group differences regarding the bleeding severity at the pretest (P < 0.001) and in the third cycle (P < 0.001) and the number of menstrual days at the pretest (P = 0.131) and in the second (P < 0.001) and third cycles (P = 0.014). However, the bleeding severity in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group in the first (P < 0.001) and second cycles (P < 0.001), and the number of menstrual days in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group in the first cycle (P = 0.004).

 Herbal products are effective in significantly reducing bleeding severity and the number of menstrual days among women with menorrhagia, and their effects reduce over time.

Background and Objective Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and the main cause of cervical cancer, which increases and persists under various factors. This review study aims to investigate the relationship between psychological disorders and the persistence of HPV infection.
Materials & Methods This scoping review study was conducted in 2023 by searching for the related articles in SID, PubMed, MagIran, IranDoc, Science Direct, Scopus and Google scholar databases. Finally, 8 eligible articles were selected. Their quality was examined by the Appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS) and the critical appraisal skills program (CASP) checklists.
Results Seven studies showed that stress caused by psychological, social and physical issues can cause the persistence or risk of HPV infection, change in cervical cells, and increase in the risk of cervical cancer. One study showed that depression and associated disorders such as sleep disorder can be related to the persistence or risk of HPV infection, change in cervical cells, and the risk of cervical cancer.
Conclusion The persistence of HPV infection can be related to psychological disorders. The findings of this study can be used to design clinical trials to examine this relationship.

Women with urinary incontinence (UI) during pregnancy may have a greater of experiencing postpartum UI symptoms than women who do not. Pelvic floor muscle exercises can reduce the symptoms of urinary stress incontinence. This policy brief concisely summarizes research findings and policy recommendations to improve antenatal and postnatal pelvic floor muscle training. However, this policy does not work automatically and must be incorporated in primary health care service design and delivery. This policy brief discusses a clear recommendation based on the best evidence to improve prenatal care services. It argues that the key is high-quality prenatal care that is available, affordable, accessible, and compatible with the needs of pregnant women and health care providers.

Pregnancy is a critical period. A healthy lifestyle during pregnancy has profound direct and indirect effects on the long-term health of the mother, the fetus and the newborn. According to studies, healthy lifestyle education for pregnant mothers in Iran, including at the level of primary health care, is not in a favorable condition. Lack of training program updates for midwives and lack of documented comprehensive educational content are among the reasons. The present policy brief aimed at dealing with this health problem by implementing the best evidence in practice. We propose "delivering healthy lifestyle education to pregnant women by midwives according to the best evidence-based criteria" to the health policymakers in Iran Ministry of Health and medical sciences universities. In this regard, it is recommended to systematically train midwives in healthcare settings, integration of healthy lifestyle education to mothers and primary health care programs, including that in the electronic health records of pregnant women, and continuous monitoring of these activities could be of great benefit.

Designing valid and reliable tool to measure the sexual self-care status of reproductive age women in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses and design appropriate interventions to improve the sexual health status of reproductive age women is considered a necessity for the society. Therefore, this study was conducted with aim of designing and psychometrically evaluating sexual self-care questionnaire in women of reproductive age.

This was a methodological study with a cross-sectional design conducted in 2021. A questionnaire was designed using a comparative approach based on the Waltz model. Then, to check the psychometric characteristics of the tool, quantitative and qualitative face validity and quantitative and qualitative content validity were investigated. Finally, the reliability of the tool was assessed by the internal consistency assessment and determining the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the stability assessment by the test-retest method and determining the intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC).

The final version of this questionnaire was designed with 40 items in four areas including prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and genital infections, prevention of gynecology cancers, prevention of unwanted pregnancy and promotion of sexual health. The psychometric characteristics of this questionnaire showed that the validity index of the total tool was 0.93 and the validity ratio of the total tool was 0.96. The relative reliability of the total tool was also shown with Cronbach's alpha of 0.94. The stability of the tool was also shown by the ICC in the total tool of 0.97 with a confidence interval of 0.94-0.98.

The Female Sexual Health Self-care (FSHS) questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability in the Iranian population, which can measure the broad concept of sexual self-care. The results of this study can be available to experts and planners to review the current situation and design suitable interventions.

Gender inequality can cause waste of human resources, reduce women's social participation, influence women's physical and mental health, cause domestic violence and delay the development of a country. Hence, strategies are required to identify and reduce gender inequality in a society. The purpose of this study was to explain strategies to reduce gender inequality.

This qualitative research was conducted as a group discussion in three groups (n=22), two with seven people and one with eight individuals, including lecturers in reproductive health (n=6), psychologists (n=2), sociologists (n=2), midwifes (n=3), postgraduate students with at least 5 years of experience in midwifery (n= 6) and master’s graduates in midwifery counseling (n=3) in 2021. The discussions were held in Tehran and Sari and the subjects discussed their views about strategies for empowerment of women in reducing gender inequality in Iranian society. The participants were selected using purposive sampling at different ages, education level, and economic and marital status until data saturation. Data analysis was carried out using conventional content analysis approach.

Strategies for reducing gender inequality were categorized into four main themes: reducing inequality in social, political, economic, and cultural domains.

In order to empower women and reduce gender inequality, it is possible to look at gender inequality from social, political, economic, and cultural dimensions and take action to reduce this problem through investigating these factors.

Sexual and reproductive health literacy leads to personal capabilities in accessing, understanding, evaluating and applying sexual health information. Several factors were associated with sexual and reproductive health literacy. Therefore, the present study was conducted with a review of the factors related to sexual and reproductive health literacy.              

At first, a general review was done by Google Scholar search engine. Then, a systematic search was conducted using the keywords sexual health literacy and reproductive health literacy in Magiran, SID, Irandoc, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, library of Cochrane from 2010 to 2022. Data was extracted from all the studies that met the eligibility criteria based on the study’s objectives.

Finally, a complete overview of 10 articles has been used to write this article. The findings of this review study led to the classification of data in three general categories including: demographic factors (gender, age, marriage, education, race, place of residence, place of study, field of study), socio-cultural factors (Religion, economic status, knowledge on sexual reproductive health, participation in sexual reproductive classes, sexual education and experience, and source of information), and medical-fertility factors (contraceptive methods, functional literacy on condoms, single and recurrent pregnancies).                                                                                                     

It is suggested to pay more attention to these factors in order to improve sexual health and reproductive literacy. It is hoped that the present study will serve as a perspective for appropriate interventions and a precursor for a systematic review.

Refusing or delaying the injection of the COVID-19 vaccine can be the result of a lack of knowledge and awareness of the people regarding the safety of the vaccination process or not having enough motivation to receive the vaccine; therefore, this study aims to improve vaccination coverage using a best-evidence implementation project.

This evidence implementation project has used the Joanna Briggs Institute practical application of the clinical evidence system, along with the research audit and getting research in practice tool. Three stages of the activity were implemented as follows: creating a team for the project and conducting a baseline audit based on the provided evidence-based criteria; reflecting the results of the baseline audit and designing and implementing strategies to investigate non-conformance; audit follow-up after the implementation of the change strategy.

Compliance with the best evidence improved dramatically. The result of this project improved the coverage of COVID-19 vaccination in the selected rural area; accordingly, out of 110 people who were resistant to a vaccine injection, 33 people (30%) of the interviewed subjects agreed to the vaccine injection at the end of the first session. A total of 48 people (43.66%) agreed to receive the vaccine after the end of the second session. Meanwhile, 16 people (14.5%) agreed to receive the vaccine after the third session.

The best evidence implementation project in this study improved vaccination coverage by 88%. The findings of this study can be used to empower healthcare providers to improve service delivery in the covered centers.

Pregnancy is an important and vulnerable period in the life of every woman that affects various aspects of her health, including mental health. Therefore, the present study was designed to review the role of religious interventions in mental health and its promotion during pregnancy based on Islamic teachings. This study is a narrative review. To compile this article, researchers have searched databases and other sources such as manual search and books. Databases include Google Scholar and more specifically SID and Noormags were searched using Persian and English keyword (Mental Health, Pregnancy, Religious Interventions and Islamic Teachings), from 2005 to 2021. The inclusion criteria were religious teachings related to mental health during pregnancy and the exclusion criteria were the lack of relevance to religious teachings. A total of 366 studies have been extracted. The extraction method was that the search was done by two researchers in two ways: screening (first stage) and eligibility of articles (second stage). In the first stage, the title and abstract were reviewed and in case of compliance and approval, the second stage, i.e. the review of the full article, was done. Finally, 20 eligible articles were included in the study. The results were classified into three categories and eight subcategories. 1- Negative Emotions (Relationship between Mental Health Disorder and Religious Teachings). 2- Positive Emotions (Happiness, Mental Peace, and Optimism). 3- Individual and Group Spiritual Therapy Based on Religious Teachings (Relationship between Listening to the Quran and Pain, Trust to God, Repetition of Recommended Recitation and Supplication. Findings show that religious teachings are useful in promoting the mental health of pregnant women. The use of spiritual healing techniques in prenatal care and childbirth preparation classes can help to expand the use of the teachings.

Infertility is an abnormal event in the life of families and can have various consequences on a personal and social level. Therefore, infertile couples need to manage their emotional responses. Social capital, as one of the social determinants of health, can affect mental health.

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between social capital and emotional adjustment in infertile couples.

This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to February 2019 with 170 infertile couples visiting infertility centers in Sari, Iran. The data collection instruments included the social capital integrated questionnaire, an emotional adjustment scale and a demographic-reproductive checklist.

All the social capital dimensions, except for the groups and networks dimension, had a score of higher than 50 (more than the mean score). Based on ANCOVA and the multiple linear regression results, the dimension of trust and solidarity had a significant negative relationship with emotional adjustment (p = 0.01), but no significant relationship was observed between the other social capital dimensions and emotional adjustment.

The trust and solidarity dimension had a significant relationship with emotional adjustment in infertile couples. Accordingly, increasing mutual trust between neighborhood residents can strengthen social capital, and in turn, improve emotional adjustment in infertile couples.

Although Middle-east is a region with high population growth, but in some countries such as Iran, the population growth significantly decreased rapidly. Social capital is an important factor in formatting the positive willingness of childbearing among couples. Social capital referred to resources that individuals access them through the personal relationships.

This study aimed to investigate the role of social capital on unwillingness toward childbearing in reproductive-aged women referred to Babol Health Care Centers in 2018. Setting and Design: A cross-sectional study in Babol Health Centers, Iran, in 2018. Materials and

Three hundred reproductive-aged women 18–39years with maximum of two children were recruited through a systematic sampling method. Demographic fertility characteristics form, Miller’s childbearing motivation questionnaire, Onyx, and Bullen social capital questionnaire were used for the data collection. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean ± standard deviation, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were used for the data analysis.

The most reasons of unwillingness for childbearing included “worrying about the health and safety of my child,” (83%) “being responsible for a needy and demanding baby,” (78.8%) and “worrying whether I am raising my child the right way.”(77%) Unwillingness to childbearing was associated with the factors such as social capital (β = −0.259, P = 0.001), being employed (β = 0.207, P = 0.001), and well self-evaluation of socioeconomic status (β = −0.187, P = 0.004).

Improving the current conditions of childbearing in the Iranian society requires the involvement of policy-makers in the various domains and levels of decision-making at the family, community, and macrolevels.ش

Nausea and vomiting are considered the most common side effects of chemotherapy, and they can affect different dimensions of the lives of women with breast cancer. Thus, the management of these complications is of great significance. Various interventions are drawn upon to alleviate nausea and vomiting. This review aimed to investigate the effects of psychological interventions on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among women with breast cancer.

A systematic review of clinical or quasi-experimental clinical trials published from 2000 to 2020 on the effects of psychological interventions on nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy in women with breast cancer was conducted via a comprehensive search in web search engines including Google Scholar and PubMed and databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Springer, Elsevier, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database (SID). Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) was employed with the following keywords: nausea, vomiting, breast cancer, chemotherapy, and psychological intervention. The quality of the included studies was assessed via the Jadad scale.

Nine studies were included in this systematic review. Psychological interventions in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in women with breast cancer consisted of cognitive-behavioral therapy, progressive muscle relaxation training, yoga, and guided imagery. The results indicated that in all the studies, except one, the interventions improved conditions and reduced chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

The results of this study indicated that psychological interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, progressive muscle relaxation training, guided imagery, and yoga alleviated nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy in women with breast cancer. Therefore, it is recommended that these interventions be applied by healthcare providers to ameliorate nausea and vomiting in these patients. The abstract was presented in the 15th International Congress on Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tehran, Iran, 8–11 October 2019, as a poster and published in the congress book.

This review investigates the existing research with regard to a variety of different suggested methods by traditional Persian medicine (TPM) about the baby’s sex selection.

A comprehensive scoping review including five stages was conducted to summarize evidence on preimplantation sex selection in TPM. The research question and relevant studies were identified in stages 1 and 2, respectively. Then, studies were selected and data were charted in stages 3 and 4, and finally, the results were collated, summarized, and reported in stage 5.

Accordingly, 7 general categories were arranged, including the temperament of the sexual organs in a man, the temperament of sexual organs in a woman, the type of male semen, and timing and manner of sexual intercourse for fetus sex induction purposes. Other categories were the effect of environmental factors, the couple’s psychic states during the course of love-making, the couple’s age, and measures for male sex induction.

This review summarizes the existing research regarding different suggested methods by TPM on the baby’s sex selection. These could well be the basis for further prospective scientific research and investigation.

Infertility and its related factors are among the conditions affecting and reducing the quality of life in both physical and psychological dimensions. Given the critical importance of the role played by the quality of life in the success of treatment, the present study aimed to assess the non-pharmacological interventions made to improve the quality of life among infertile women.

A systematic search was conducted on Scientific Information Database, including MagIran, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, and IranMedex from 2010- 2021. Data were extracted from all the studies that met the eligibility criteria based on the aims of the study. A total of 23 related articles were extracted and used. The quality of the articles was assessed based on the Risk of bias Cochrane.

A total of 23 articles met the eligibility criteria for a scoping review, 11 studies were published within the last five years, and 13 articles were performed In Iran. Psychological interventions were the most studied, and  15 (65.2%) evaluated studies included multilateral interventions (6;26%)  and complementary interventions (2; 8.6%). The majority of interventions improved the quality of life among the studied participants. In this study, the highest risk of bias was related to performance and detection, and the lowest number of articles were related to detection bias.

The majority of non-pharmaceutical interventions, especially in the field of psychology, are effective in the enhancement of infertile women’s quality of life. Therefore, it is suggested that special attention be devoted to effective counseling services and planning, along with common infertility treatments, to improve their quality of life. Nevertheless, more culture-based research is required to make more effective interventions and change the policies.

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) among women is a complicated one which is created by various factors playing roles. One of the potential concerns related to Body Image (BI) is lack of sexual appeal in women. Body Image is often described as what a person perceives of their body encompassing the biological, psychological and social factors. The present research pursues the goal to investigate the association between BI and HSDD among the reproductive age women in Iran.

The current study is a cross-sectional (descriptive –analytical) research done on 1000 reproductive age included woman (15-49 years), performed by systematic random sampling method. The data collection tool includes the socio-demographics and the sexual desire scale in addition to the revised sexual distress scale to measure HSDD completed as self-report by the samples. Univariate and multivariate regression tests have been used in order to analyze the data.

The mean ± SD age of the women participating in the study was 32.09 ± 7.33. Having adjusted the confounder variables' effect by logistic regression multivariate analysis; the odd ratio for HSDD has been analyzed. The findings suggested that the odd ratio for HSDD in those not satisfied or slightly feeling fulfilled with their BI has been OR: 4.2 (95% CI: 1.98-9.05) and OR: 3.9 (95% CI: 2.29-6.65), respectively, times more than the ones highly satisfied with their body image.

The present study results indicate that being dissatisfied with BI is a determinant factor of HSDD that is more probable in the people with negative image of their body structure and feeling lack of bodily appeal. Thus it is imperative to pay attention to this factor when analyzing HSDD.

Despite that hysterectomy is the second gynecological surgery and providing the necessary information about this surgery will help womenchr('39')s positive perceptions of health care experiences, there is no comprehensive tool for examining the educational needs of women with hysterectomy. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing and psychometric evaluation of the womenchr('39')s educational needs questionnaire after hysterectomy.

The initial version of the questionnaire of this methodological study was compiled by deductive and comprehensive overview of related resources considering the point of view of a group of specialists and women with hysterectomy history. The face and content validity of both qualitative and quantitative data and reliability of the questionnaire in the dimension of internal consistency and then the repeatability were examined.

  Developing the questionnaire for womenchr('39')s educational needs after hysterectomy and psychometrics led to the formation of a questionnaire for womenchr('39')s educational needs after hysterectomy with 44 questions and in 5 dimensions: physical, mental, sexual, care and other needs. The CVR index for all items in the questionnaire except for one item was above the Lawshe table criterion, which indicated the importance and necessity of each item. The CVI for each item was above 0.79 and was therefore considered appropriate. Also, the reliability of the instrument in terms of internal coherence by examining the Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient for the whole instrument was 0.90. Measurement of the repeatability index at two-week intervals showed that the instrument was stable (ICC= 0.97, P<0.001).

The Hysterectomy Womenchr('39')s Educational Needs Questionnaire is valid and reliable. It can be used by public health researchers and health system policy makers to provide patient-centered health services based on the needs and priorities of patients.

Human health and disease are as old as human history. Today, the concept of health is tied to the components of social capital which can act as a shield against stress, depression, anxiety, accident, aging, and various diseases. The present study aimed to review the effect of social capital on women's health.

A scoping review was carried out in five stages: 1-Designing a research question, 2- Searching and extracting research-dependent studies, 3- Selecting related studies, 4- Organizing and summarizing information and data, and 5. Reporting the results. Data collection was done in electronic databases, including MagIran, SID, Iran Doc, IranMedex, Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Embase. The search keywords were women, female, feminine, lady, wife, Iran, Persian, Social capital, health, physical health, mental health, and social health in both Persian and English.

Overall, 15 related articles were included in this review study. These studies were reviewed to organize the findings into three categories: the relationship between social capital with physical health, mental health, and social health.

According to current findings, women's health improves by increasing their social capital which is also increased by more health and education facilities, social participation, trust, and communication with family and friends.

 Momen Tonekabani is one of the most famous physicians in the history of Iranian herbal pharmacology. He wrote a comprehensive book of single and compound drugs with the aim of correcting the book Ekhtiarat-e-badiee . This book is an example of the pharmacology books in the Safavide era. Infertility is a complex life crisis and a psychological threat. Many studies have likened the psychological consequences of infertility to public grief reactions.  

 This review study, using a library method, focuses on the book Tohfat al-Momenin for collecting data. In this regard, effective materia medica in infertility treatment are investigated. 

 We found 396 materia medica, each of which had a direct and indirect effect on infertility. They could be consumed in the form of incense, ointment, herbal bath, gilding, vaginal suppository, half-boiled, rectal suppository, and oral.  

 The list of materia medica presented in this study can be tested in experimental and clinical studies, and If proven to be effective, can be used in infertility treatment.

Today, researchers and health organizations consider emotional and psychological aspects of sexual well-being as one of the important aspects of sexual health, so that one of the important components of sexual health is sexual self-concept. Several factors can affect various aspects of female sexual self-concept. Therefore, the present study aimed to review factors related to female sexual self-concept.  During this study scoping review, researchers conducted computer search with keywords in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, SID, Magiran, ProQuest, Web of Science, Irandoc, library of Cochrane, Scopus databases. Finally, a complete overview of 30 articles has been used to write this article. The findings of this review study led to classification of data in three general categories including: biological factors (age, sex, marital status, race, disability and illness), psychological factors (body image, history of child sexual abused and mental health), and social factors (parents and peers and Relationship with spouse and the media). The findings of this review suggest that sexual self-concept is influenced by various factors as a key indicator of sexual activity and predictive of sexual behavior. Therefore, it seems that paying attention to the factors relevant to each person's characteristics can improve women's sexual health. Although it seems that the depth and breadth of our knowledge of the related factors influencing the sexual self-concept increase, qualitative studies are also recommended.