فهرست مطالب zeynab lashani

Death anxiety is a main emotion in the Terror Management Theory. According to the TMT, death anxiety is cause of the symbolic immortality and symbolic immortality has a connection to gratitude in some ideas and action issues, the aim of this study was an investigation of relation between death anxiety, symbolic immortality and gratitude. This study was a Correlation and regression study in student universities. The clustered sample of this study was 135 girls of Student Payam-e-noor and Azad Universities that completed Gratitude Questionnaire-6 items (GQ-6), sense of Symbolic Immortality Scale (SSIS) and Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). The results evaluated by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and simple linear regression. The results show that there is a positive significant correlation between gratitude and symbolic immortality, biosocial, creative, spiritual, transcendence and natural symbolic immortality. There was negative and significant correlation between death anxiety and symbolic immortality, and symbolic immortality was a predictor of death anxiety. In this study, symbolic immortality had a significant correlation with gratitude, and symbolic immortality was predictor of death anxiety.

Nowadays, Many researchers considered in Cause of error in time perception. The previous researches found several factors as a reason of this error, but the relation between these factors is a complicated problem. Not only, are there some difference in human time perception and Clock, but also, there is some difference in physical time by clock in different situations. Physic has some reason for these differences in physical time. This study is a comparative review to find out a new respond about this error in time perception by physic and psychology researches. As a result, it seems that increasing the energy causes the slow time perception and in oppose, decreasing the energy causes the fast during the time perception.

Creating a supportive environment encourages charity services to help risk groups and individuals which has magnificent impacts on reducing their harm.. According to this plan, the purpose of this study was to investigate the mental health status in the staff of harm reduction centers.. The clustered sample of this comparative study consisted of 49 staff of harm reduction centers. The study was supported by the United Nations Development Program in Tehran, Iran. The participants completed GHQ-28 and DASS-21 questionnaires along with sociologic forms and the results were evaluated by descriptive statistics indexes and independent sample t-test.. One-hundred percent of the participants in this study showed the symptoms of psychological disorders, and approximately 16 percent suffered from moderate to high degree of anxiety, depression and stress. The level of anxiety (P 0.04) and stress (P 0.01) in the younger staff (less than 40 years) was significantly higher than older staff (more than 40 years old). In addition, somatic symptoms (P 0.05) and social withdrawal (P 0.01) were significantly higher in women than men.. Accordingly, major mental disorders in the staff of harm reduction centers, especially women and younger people need to be considered more than before..

The aim of this study was to find out if gratitude can increase positive affectivity، happiness and optimism in Iranians with low positive affectivity. In this quasi-experimental study، 636 students of three Iranian Universities (Shahed، Vliasr، and University of Sience and Culture) were chosen using pretest-posttest method. Then 96 low positive affect subjects were chosen. Finally، 62 subjects completed satisfaction form and were assigned randomly into seven groups (Gratitude and Neutral Strategies based on the Emmons، Seligman and Verbal-Action patterns، and a Control group)، and received separate instructions in specific envelopes. The data required were collected Positive And Negative Affect Scale (PANAS)، Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ)، and Life Orientation Test (LOT). Then the data of 50 participants were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U statistical methods. The results showed significant increase in positive affects by Seligman and V-A strategies (p=0. 20)، and increase in happiness by Emmons، Seligman and V-A strategies (p=0. 04). The results confirmed the effect of the above three training strategies on the expansion of positive affectivity and happiness.