zhila farzaneh

Following the increase in the population of cities and the development of urban life, cities have always faced all kinds of physical, social, economic, and environmental problems. In today's era, solving these problems has become the most important challenge for urban planners. In this regard, planning with the approach of urban livability can create the necessary capacities to deal with these problems. Meanwhile, informal settlements can be considered forgotten and unplanned parts compared to other urban areas, which are very fragile in terms of livability. Therefore, the aim of this research is to measure the informal settlements of Ardabil city based on urban livability indicators and to prioritize them for future planning. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The required data have been collected through field methods. The statistical population of the research corresponds to the 15 informal settlements of Ardabil city. In order to measure the level of livability in the removal areas, the relevant indicators were used using the weighting entropy method, and the target areas were ranked using decision-making techniques, and the Cape Land integration technique was used to achieve the final prioritization. Based on the components used in the present research and the results of the implementation of various decision-making techniques, Salman Abad neighborhood ranked first and Iran Abad neighborhood ranked last in terms of livability with the lowest score. Therefore, it is necessary to plan to improve livability indicators according to the strengths and weaknesses and priorities of each neighborhood.

The entrance of the city is one of the most important elements of the image and urban landscape, but now we are witnessing the cities where there is no sign of an entrance space with the desirable characteristics that it should have. Ardabil city is also among them, despite the fact that this city is one of the historical cities that welcomes thousands of tourists and citizens at all times of the year. But there are many flaws and inadequacies in the appearance and meaning of the entrances of this city that cannot be ignored. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to evaluate the appearance and landscape of Ardabil city with an emphasis on the entrances of the city. For this purpose, a descriptive-analytical method based on library studies and field surveys was used. In this regard, SPSS software and one-sample t-test were used to analyze the data. The statistical population of the research was people living in the entrances of Ardabil city. The findings of the research showed that the average objective dimension of each of the entrances under study indicates that the Tabriz-Ardebil entrance is in a relatively favorable condition compared to other entrances, and the entrance of Ithar Square is in an unfavorable condition. Regarding the perceptual-mental dimension, the Tabriz-Ardebil entrance has a relatively good condition, and the Fatemiyoun square entrance is in an unfavorable condition. In a general conclusion, it can be acknowledged that except for the entrance of Tabriz-Ardebil (Basij Square) which is in a relatively good condition, the other entrances of the target in both objective and perceptual-subjective dimensions have obtained an average below the average (3). which justifies their unfavorable situation. Therefore, it is necessary to manage and organize these inputs by urban planners and managers

The Mehr housing project is one of the biggest projects, and due to the extent of this project, it is necessary to examine the results of this experience. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to evaluate the quality of Mehr ardabil city housing complexes, a step towards the optimal planning of the national housing plan. The statistical population of the research is the residents of Mehr housing complexes in Ardabil city. In order to evaluate and prioritize the studied complexes, 8 parameters (facilities and services, physical, social, lighting and ventilation, pollution, access, environmental, economic) were used. In this regard, the target sites have been prioritized using the PROMETHEE model. The findings showed that Mehr Waliasr Housing (Sham Esbi) is in the first place with a score of 0.430 and is in a good condition. On the other hand, Mehr Mirasharf housing is in the last place with a score of -0.308 and is in a very unfavorable situation. Mehr Pileh Saharan Housing is ranked second with a score of 0.320, which shows the relatively good condition of this complex. The results of the research show that in the planning, construction and implementation of Mehr housing complexes, quantitative and project aspects have surpassed its quality. Therefore, it is hoped that these shortcomings will be resolved in the national housing plan.

In recent years, paying attention to the characteristics of the residential environment and satisfaction with housing has gained special importance, but paying attention to the characteristics of different income groups, especially the vulnerable sections of the society, such as those seeking help, has not been given much attention. This is despite the fact that by knowing the residential environment of these groups, it is possible to pay more attention to them in planning and policies, and ultimately it will improve the residential environment and ultimately urban growth and development. It became a stable city. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to measure the satisfaction of the low-income urban strata with the quality of the components of the residential environment in Nair city. The data collection tool included documentary studies and surveys through the distribution of questionnaires. The statistical population of the research consists of the urban help-seekers of Nair City Aid and Welfare Committee, which were randomly available, SPSS software was used to analyze the data. In this regard, one-sample t-test and independent t-test, as well as one-way analysis of variance and Sheffe's post hoc test have been used. The findings from the one-sample t-test showed that the clients' satisfaction with their residential environment is higher than the average (3.05) and the one-way variance analysis of the influence of individual characteristics indicates that Age had an effect on satisfaction. According to the results of the research, creating more facilities for access to health and treatment centers and creating parks and green spaces can reduce the problems of residents and increase the level of satisfaction of these groups with their housing.

In the process of rapid urbanization, the villages surrounding the cities are integrated into the cities and different neighborhoods appear in the cities and unstable urban cores are formed due to the inability of the city officials to manage these neighborhoods. Neighborhood instability is the most important obstacle to sustainable urban development, and this problem reaches its peak at the level of neighborhoods with rural cores. Therefore, in this research, the sustainability of villages integrated into Ardabil city and the leveling of their sustainability status in different dimensions for future planning have been investigated.The present research method is applied according to the objective and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of the research is 5 neighborhoods from the total neighborhoods of Ardabil city which used to be "villages" and have been annexed to the city in recent years. The sampling was done randomly and the Cochran relationship was used to estimate the sample size with a probability of 0.95% confidence. The sample size was estimated to be 387 people. For data analysis, Excel and SPSS software were used and by using the stability barometer model, the stability levels of the target neighborhoods in 4 dimensions (socio-cultural, economic, environmental and physical) was determined.Based on the metrics used and the results of the implementation of the stability barometer model in the present study, all the target localities are in an unstable state in each of the dimensions of stability. The average level of sustainability in terms of ecosystem well-being in the studied area is equal to 0.205 and human well-being is equal to 0.237, which shows the unstable situation of both; Human well-being is slightly more stable than ecosystem well-being.

The entrances of the city are among the important elements of the city scenery, which enable the communication of the space outside of a city, the city limits with its interior. In fact, these spaces represent and reflect the city's identity and are usually considered as one of the effective criteria in the judgment of newcomers about the city as a whole. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to evaluate the physical-environmental components of the urban landscape in the entrance spaces of Ardabil city. The present study is applied in terms of its nature and descriptive, analytical and survey method. The statistical population of the research includes 15 experts and professionals in the urban planning profession in Ardabil city. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Validity of the research Using face validity, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha of 0.821. The resulting data were first analyzed using SPSS and Excel software, and then, after weighting the studied indicators. Using the Shannon entropy method, the selected entrances were ranked using the COPRAS model. The results of the implementation of the said model show that, in terms of physical-environmental criteria, the entrances of Tabriz-Ardebil, Astara-Ardebil (Fatemiyoun Square), Astara-Ardebil (Astara gate) and Mughan-Ardebil in rank E It is the first to the fourth and the entrance of Tehran-Ardebil is also in the last place. The obtained results indicate that among the studied inlets, the Tehran-Ardebila inlet does not have a favorable condition and is at an unfavorable level. Therefore, it is necessary to place this input in the priority of the intervention of urban planners and managers.

The quality of urban environments and mental health interact with each other, and the quality of urban environments affects people's mental health. Considering that one of the important dimensions of the quality of urban environments is the physical-physical dimension.. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to measure the physical-physical quality of the urban environment with an emphasis on the mental health of citizens, which was carried out on a case-by-case basis in Region 3 of Ardabil city. Is. The upcoming research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. In order to measure the physical-physical quality of the studied neighborhoods, 5 indicators (accessibility, beauty and visual order, functional attractiveness, physical form and facilities of the residential unit) were used. The validity of the research was obtained by using face validity, and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha of 0.830. Then, based on simple stratified random sampling, 480 people were questioned in order to analyze the data and prioritize the localities in terms of quality. Physical-Physical COPRAS multi-criteria decision making model was used in Excel environment. According to the findings of the research and the results of the COPRAS model, among the localities of the 3rd region of Ardabil city, Hafez has the best status and the first place with the highest score, followed by Rezvan, Azadi, Azadegan in the second to fourth position. are favorable and Malabashi and Melayoussef neighborhoods are in the most unfavorable situation and the last place with the lowest percentage. Due to the importance of the quality of urban environments in the mental health of citizens, more and more detailed planning is felt in order to improve the physical-physical condition of the neighborhoods and then improve the level of mental health of citizens.

Today, the tourism industry is one of the pillars affecting the urban and regional economy and is a powerful tool that includes economic, social and environmental effects. Urban tourism, as one of the sub-sectors of tourism, has recently received the attention of planners and administrators. Based on this, the aim of the current research is to investigate the impact of urban tourism indicators on the urban and regional economy, which has been carried out on a case-by-case basis in Ardabil city. The current research is applied in terms of its nature and descriptive, analytical and survey method. The statistical population of the research includes 15 experts and specialists. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the research was obtained using face validity and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha 0.828. In order to analyze the data and prioritize the indicators in terms of effectiveness, the EDAS multi-criteria decision making model was used in the form of Excel software. The results of the application of the mentioned model showed that among the selected indicators, the physical-spatial index with the highest score (1) is in the first place and the human resource management structure index with the lowest score (0.728) in the first ranks, respectively. They are placed last.

Cities as a suitable place and urbanization as a desirable way of life are considered to be one of the most important centers of development. Meanwhile, cultural traditions as an important category in sustainable urban development with the penetration and influence of capitalist culture in the third world, including Iran, have caused heterogeneous urban concentration and accelerated urban growth. In order to solve the upcoming challenges, several viewpoints have been formulated in order to achieve sustainability; One of the newest and most successful approaches is the Peaceful City movement, which was created as a cultural movement to increase the quality of life and reduce speed in cities. Based on this, the current research has been compiled with the aim of investigating the role of cultural traditions on the sustainable development of Ardabil city with the approach of Aram city, for future planning. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The data required for this study have been collected through field and documentary methods. The statistical population of the research corresponds to the 5 regions of Ardabil city. To rank the 5 regions of Ardabil city in terms of Shahr Aram indicators, Vicor's multi-criteria decision making model was used in the Excel environment. Shannon's entropy model has also been used to weight the indicators. The findings of the research indicate that the average of the indicators was below the average, so that except for the infrastructure index, the average of all the indicators was less than 3. The results obtained from the implementation of the Vicor model also show that the highest rank belongs to region two and the lowest rank belongs to region one. 

Statement of Problem: The pH of the human abscess has been measured as low as 5.0. This low pH could potentially inhibit setting reactions, affect adhesion, or increase the solubility of root end filling materials hence affect the compressive strength. Moreover, root end filling materials might expose or even mix with lidocaine HCL during periapical surgery. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of acidic pH and lidocaine on the compressive strength of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM). CEM was mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions or with lidocaine (L), and condensed into 6×4 mm split moulds. The samples were exposed to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 5 or 7.4 for 7 or 28 days. Cylindrical blocks of CEM (total number = 120 and 15 for each group) were subjected to compressive strength test using a universal testing machine. Data were analysed using three-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). Regardless of pH and time, significant differences were not found between lidocaine groups and the groups that were mixed according to the manufacturer’s instruction (p = 0.083). For both mixing agents, regardless of time, there were no significant differences between the two pH levels (p = 0.157). Regardless of the material and pH, there was a significant increase in the compressive strength from days 7 to 28 (p 0.001). Mixtures with lidocaine and exposure to an acidic environment had no adverse effects on the compressive strength of CEM Cement.