zohre saadatmand

This research aimed to identify the obstacles to sustainable professional development of teachers and school administrators in Iraq in order to provide a model for overcoming the obstacles

In terms of nature, it is a qualitative research conducted using the content analysis method. Potential participants included teachers, school administrators, and university professors in the fields of educational sciences in Iraq, who were selected purposefully based on a number-based criterion based on the theoretical saturation rule. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The data analysis method was in the style of the Atride and Stirling model.

The results showed that the obstacles to sustainable professional growth and development in Iraq include: knowledge obstacles (weakness in specialized knowledge, weakness in technology, and weakness in educational content knowledge); The following were the ethical or moral barriers (personal ethics and organizational ethics), the practical or communication barriers (interpersonal communication, organizational communication), the policy-making barriers (strategic weakness and inattention to change), the organizational barriers (weakness of organizational justice, weak supervision, and weak support), and the organizational learning barriers (weakness in knowledge creation participation, weak documentation, and weak knowledge sharing).

Consequently, according to the results of previous research, it can be said that creating strong strategic plans, supporting changes and creativity, paying attention to the individual needs of principals and teachers, and strengthening content knowledge and professional ethics are among the measures that can help strengthen the sustainable professional development of principals and teachers in Iraq.

teachers are one of the main pillars of the teaching-learning process, who play an important role in the quality generation or de-quality of the educational system, and in order to teach and create sustainable learning, the teachers of the educational system must have a series of knowledge and skills and be equipped with professional knowledge and competence. Various models have been presented for the professional competence of teachers. The main purpose of this research was to validate the model of professional competencies of Arabic teachers.

The current research is applied research in terms of its purpose, and it was a descriptive survey in terms of the method of data collection. The statistical population of this research was 242 Arabic teachers of Baghdad, Iraq. The sampling method in this research was stratified random. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was extracted from a qualitative study of professional qualifications model design. To analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation analysis (model fitting) based on partial least squares were used.

The results showed that all the components and items raised around the four main dimensions of teachers' professional qualifications, including the dimensions of belief in God, belief in science, self-belief and belief in people, were approved and the designed professional qualifications model was suitable.

If the teachers can acquire the necessary qualifications in these four comprehensive themes, they can have an acceptable professional performance in Arabic language education, and on the other hand, this model has the necessary credibility to be used in the Arabic teacher training system.

The issue of globalization is considered as one of the realities of human society at the present time. Globalization works beyond borders and this has caused the fragility of many areas of society's life and being affected by it. This fact is accompanied by opportunities and threats for societies, which are serious and necessary to pay attention to. Globalization in the field of education has had profound effects so that all educational systems became aware of the globalization of education and the upcoming changes. The main goal of this research was globalization and the necessity of education management with emphasis on the document of fundamental transformation of education. This research was conducted with qualitative and thematic analysis. It was also practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research was all the documents of the fundamental transformation of the laws related to education in line with globalization in the formal public education system of the Islamic Republic. The analysis steps were also done by coding method. For the validity of the findings, the researcher first re-coded and entrusted all the stages of coding to some prominent professors in the field of education to judge and express their views on the findings, which was accompanied by some changes and corrections. Also, for reliability, some texts were randomly selected and re-coded with another coder, and the agreement coefficient was 0.79. The findings showed that the educational themes of globalization include (educational and policy reengineering, content modification and development of research and innovation capacity); Educational themes include (deepening Islamic education and manners and global citizen education) and cultural themes include (diversification, increasing participation, promoting social dignity and increasing the role of councils).

The issue of globalization is one of the existing realities of human life, which has acted beyond geographical boundaries and has affected all aspects of life, including education. On the other hand, the document of fundamental transformation is proposed as a guide for the education system, and it is necessary to examine globalization and the methods of the document of fundamental transformation for the effective use of globalization; Therefore, the main goal of the current research was to identify and explain the components of globalization with an emphasis on the document of the fundamental transformation of education. The current research method was qualitative-exploratory with thematic analysis and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research includes all official and written documents and laws related to education in the direction of globalization in the formal public education system of the Islamic Republic, as well as other books, theses and articles related to the title of research in order to answer questions and achieve It was intended for the purposes of the research. The sample size of the solutions in the Fundamental Transformation of Education document which was approved in the meetings from 11/12/89 to 7/5/1390 in the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, with the method of judgmental sampling until theoretical saturation is reached, which in case of repetitive concepts The continuation of the process of repetitive themes was omitted and selected. Thematic analysis method with coding was also used to analyze the data. The findings showed 56 concepts and 5 main themes including 1- structural restoration (transformation and standardization), 2- applied knowledge (technical and theoretical), 3- core development (strategic transformation and empowerment), 4- core participation (core school and facilitation) community-oriented) and 5- global citizen training (e-citizen and ethics-oriented) exists for globalization.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of applying the Lego-based curriculum on students' creativity in second-grade elementary math concepts.

The research method was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a statistical population including all second-grade elementary school students in the 4th district of Isfahan in the academic year of 2021-2022. The sample size includes 64 students who were selected by the available method and randomly assigned to two experimental (32) and control (32) groups. The tool for collecting information in this research was Torrance's creativity questionnaire (1979). The Lego-based curriculum was implemented in 8 sessions of 45 minutes for the experimental groups.

results of hypothesis testing through covariance analysis showed that the use of Lego-based curriculum has a positive effect on students' creativity in second grade elementary math concepts.

The general conclusion of the research showed that according to the findings, it is recommended to use the Lego-based curriculum in second grade math classes.

The basic emphasis of the educational discourse on the theoretical foundations of the fundamental transformation of formal and public education in the Islamic Republic of Iran is the attainment of a teacher and mentor far from Hayat- Tayyebeh. the purpose of this article in the first step was to extract the components of Hayat- Tayyebeh based on the Holy Quran and the narrations of the infallibles. if we believe in the Islamic curriculum and consider it as one of the new concepts and areas in the field of curriculum studies, this study, after examining similar and numerous concepts, has paid attention to the concept of Hayat Tayyebeh as the central concept and as the hard core of Islamic education and its result. in this research, first, using the method of relational content analysis, the dimensions and components of Hayat_ Tayyebeh in the Qur'an as well as the sayings of the infallibles have been analyzed, and after classifying and discovering these dimensions and based on it, implications for education have been extracted. based on the findings of this study, relying on the principles of education based on Hayat-Tayyebeh, planners of the educational system will be able to draw goals, content, teaching methods and educational evaluation in order to lead students to Hayat- Tayyebeh and benefit from it.

The aim of the current research was to design an addiction education course based on neurological and brain consequences for teenagers and young people in Kerman city. Currently, drug addiction is one of the basic problems of our society, and this issue is very important considering the youth of our country's population, most of which are children, teenagers, and young adults. Despite the many advances that have been made in the understanding of the biological and neurological factors involved in addiction, this disorder is still a major public health problem that is associated with individual and social suffering and causes a great burden for the individual, family and society. Addiction during adolescence is more than any other age period. The different developmental pathways of the brain in adolescence, which include cortical and subcortical areas, are among the factors that can make adolescents more prone to risky behaviors than other age groups, including behaviors addictive Therefore, further studies in the field of understanding and identifying the biological and neurological factors involved in adolescent addiction, which lead to the creation of visual enhancement and treatment strategies, are essential.A central component in this circuit is the nucleus accumbens in the ventral striatum, which receives dopaminergic innervation from the ventral tegmental area (called the mesolimbic dopamine system) and is called the brain's reward center. In addition to dopamine, a wide range of neurotransmitters including opioids, cannabinoids, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine and glutamate also play a role in addiction Another reward-based model is the reward deficit syndrome, based on which people addicted to In other words, compensating for the lack of reward area in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, are involved in addictive behaviors and this model is consistent with the theories of self-treatment of addictionBased on motivation-based models, addiction is a disorder in motivation that is directed in the wrong direction, in which priority is given to drug use, and other motivational behaviors such as paying attention to family, work, or school are placed in the next priorities. In these processes, people prefer smaller immediate rewards (such as euphoria from drug use) to larger delayed rewards (better life from studying, securing a future job). Specific brain regions include the ventral striatum and the prefrontal cortex. The medial ventral cortex is closely related to reward processes, risk/reward decision making, and selection of smaller rewards. While the selection of delayed rewards is related to the dorsal prefrontal cortical areasResearch on high-risk decision-making and addiction forms the idea of dual-process models including two qualitatively different processes that may compete with each other to take control of behavior. These processes have been described with various modifications, including impulsive versus reflective or automatic versus controlled. Both in adolescence and in the issue of addiction, research literature suggests that risky behavior is caused by the inability of reflective processes to adequately moderate impulsive processes . It is due to the longer evolution of the frontal cortex behavioral control circuits and this imbalance is greater in mid-adolescence and becomes normal in adulthood . The adolescent brain is characterized by two interacting systems. The first system that evolves faster is the bottom-up motivational system of hot emotion, and the second system that evolves more slowly is the cognitive control system from top to bottom is cold . The emotional-motivational system is the subcortical areas of the brain, which are dopaminergic areas. in the middle brain and their target areas include cortical areas (medial prefrontal cortex) and subcortical areas (striatum) and both of these target areas are involved in the reward process. The top-down cognitive control system includes prefrontal areas to It is specific to the lateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal regions, which are involved in self-regulation, planning, abstract thinking, working memory, and goal-directed behavior. Transient disturbance of these brain areas using magnetic stimulation of the skull has led to increased risk-taking and increased impulsivity .The researches that have been conducted in the last 15 years based on comprehensive and extensive visualization approaches emphasize the educational approach based on school programs. The main premise of this research lies in the belief that a suitable educational design model is vital for developing and applying effective educational programs. Similarly, instructional architects—instructional designers—have the ability to provide a blueprint for the instruction to be created. Experienced designers should start with a set of training models to provide a standard map that can be modified when necessary. The problem of many educational designers, and especially for those who are required to undertake both the design and application of education activities, is to decide which model to choose from the various educational models and use as a model for their work. One of the fields that requires the use of educational design models is Basr area.

In order to achieve the goal of this research, a combined, sequential exploratory method was used. In the qualitative part of the research, the method of inductive content analysis was used, and in the quantitative part, the quasi-experimental design of the experimental group - the control group with pre-test - post-test was used. In the qualitative part of the research, documents, articles, books, and texts extracted from interviews with experts and expert professors who were selected in a purposeful way, were subjected to inductive content analysis, and in the following nine final categories: analysis, content, knowledge Learner, teacher, educational strategies, teaching methods, learning media, school environment and classroom conditions, and evaluation were extracted. First, the conceptual model that included all these elements was designed, and then the trend model of addiction prevention, which is a practical and class model, was designed and compiled. In order to check the internal and external validity of the conceptual and process model, a researcher-made questionnaire and test were used, and their validity was obtained through experts' review and their reliability using Cronbach's alpha was 0.76 and 0.82, respectively.

The research sample in the internal validation section included 20 experts in educational technology and addiction prevention, and in the external validation section 40 students of the eighth grade of the first secondary school who had completed the academic year of 2019-2019 were randomly selected. The results showed that the training provided based on the trend pattern has been able to have a significant effect on the total score of the subjects. In response to this question, there is no significant difference in the average score of the students in the control and experimental groups during the pre-test (control group 39.85 and experimental group 37.25), but during the post-test between the said averages (control group 6.6 40 and experimental group 70/19) there is a significant difference.

In other words, after presenting the educational program in the experimental group and not presenting it in the control group, the results obtained in the post-test showed that the experimental group was under the positive influence of the trend pattern.

The concept of social health along with other aspects of health, including physical, mental and spiritual has a special place. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of studying the social health of students with an emphasis on curriculum planning.

The research method in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was survey. The statistical population in this study were included all 5,200 students of the second high school in Lordegan city. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula 357 people, which this number were selected by available sampling method. Data was collected with Keyes social health questionnaire (1998) with five components of social flourishing, social correlation, social cohesion, social acceptance and social participation, which its validity was confirmed by experts (mentors and advisors, specialists and research experts) and its reliability was confirmed by the method Cronbach's alpha was calculated 0.78. The data were analyzed with using mean, Friedman test and independent t-test methods in SPSS software.

The findings showed that 7 questionnaires were removed from the analysis due to incompleteness and analyzes were performed for 350 people. Also, the amount of social health was below average, the amount of social correlation, social acceptance and social participation was below average and the amount of social flourishing and social cohesion was above average. Among the components of social health, respectively the amount of social cohesion, social participation, social acceptance, social flourishing and social correlation was higher among students. In addition, the average social health of male students was higher than female students (P<0.05).

In general, the results indicated an unfavorable state of social health in students, especially in female students. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt curriculum planning in the educational environment to improve their social health.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the concept of a teacher based on Islamic texts. The scope of the current research was Islamic texts and specifically, the Qur'an and Hajj al-Balaghah using a targeted approach.

The research method was of content analysis type, first teacher components were extracted based on the analysis of Islamic texts, specifically, the Qur'an and Hajj al-Balaghah, in the second stage, based on the extracted concepts, first, teacher concepts were extracted based on the analysis of Islamic texts, specifically , Holy Quran and Hajj al-Balaghah were extracted and then the concepts with the replaced categories were grouped together. In the third stage, the code of concepts related to the topic of the research was extracted from each paragraph, and in the fourth stage, the extracted concept codes were placed in the categories of the same concepts. And in the fifth step, for the categories with the same concept, the appropriate name and title that represents the main category of the research were explained. Coding method and paragraph were used as the unit of analysis to analyze the texts. In order to measure the content validity, the Laushe Coefficient (CVR) was used and the questionnaire was given to 11 professors of educational sciences and education in the form of targeted sampling and it was approved at the level of 59 percent. CVR82 and the number of 13 items were agreed with the CVR100 factor, and finally the questionnaire was approved based on the opinion of the professors.

Therefore, the results of the research, which is an analysis of the concept of a teacher based on Islamic texts, were identified by the researcher in 9 categories including: (self-refining, science and knowledge, good manners, guidance, justice, frankness, humility, kindness).

Therefore, they can have a decisive effect on the recruitment of faculty members of Farhangian University, and their use in the process of recruiting faculty members is effective and useful, and is a very important factor in attracting capable faculty members and ultimately training capable teachers in the style of the republican system. Iran is Islamic.

Hayate-Tayebeh means the kind of life that meets the physical, spiritual, scientific and practical needs of man. The principles of the theoretical foundations of Hayate-Tayebeh are explained in the Holy Quran and Ahl al-Bayt (as). Teachings. The aim of this article is to extract and understand the educational principles of Hayate-Tayebeh based on the Holy Quran and Ahl al-Bayt (as). teachings. In this research, using the method of content analysis, the educational foundations of Hayat Tayyeba in the words of revelation, namely the Holy Qur'an, as well as the words of the innocents, were analyzed and after classification and open coding, a central and selective analysis was carried out. The scope of the research included written documents in the Quran and Islamic narrations about the Hayat Tayyeba, which were investigated in the form of targeted sampling. Based on the findings of this study, relying on the foundations of education based on Hayate-Tayebeh, the educational managers and educational system and planners will be able to form and perform the principles and goals of education. and organize the method and curriculum accordingly.

The purpose of this study was to develop a model of internship curriculum for Farhangian University. The research method was qualitative (grounded theory). The data were collected through 20 semi-structured interviews with selected professors, experts, specialists and student-teachers who had valuable experiences and publications related to the subject of research by purposive sampling (Snowball sampling). The findings included 95 open codes, 31 axial codes and 16 selective codes. The sub-categories that followed the causal conditions were: time challenge, school capabilities, tutor guidance, tutor supervisory practices, university atmosphere, and school location. The contextual conditions were: organizational climate, students' needs, organizational structure, frameworks. Teachers, teachers 'personal bias, students' differences. Supportive structure. Outcomes were: negative attitude of supervisors, individual competence of supervisors, increase of professional competence, promotion of learning culture, promotion of self-efficacy culture, negative attitude of teachers, and positive attitude of teachers. A comprehensive curriculum that covers all contextual, environmental, technical, and information aspects of the internship was also found to be a central category.

One of the most important conditions stated in religious texts for the acceptance of deeds and acts of worship is the issue of sincerity, so that acts of worship without sincerity remove man from the position of Lordship. Since Imam Ali (AS) has paid much attention to this issue in his words, so in this article we have tried to explain the true meaning of sincerity and the path of correct and complete understanding by analyzing the content of Allameh Jafari's contents in the commentary he wrote on Nahj al-Balaghah. Provide the words of Ahl al-Bayt (AS). This book is one of the explanations written in the contemporary period for research audiences and due to the author's mastery of various fields of science and philosophy, its topics are expressed in a methodical and reasoning way to create a correct understanding for the audience. In this article, the content analysis method has been used and the research results indicate that Allameh Jafari considers sincerity as the highest quality of the relationship between man and truth and by dividing it into general and specific parts, has introduced the highest level of sincerity as value sincerity. . He also defined the basic components and characteristics of sincerity. He also divided sincerity into two types of sincerity in belief and sincerity in action, to draw the three dimensions of sincerity in the field of obedience, worship and help, and finally the effects and consequences such as: achieving unity, gaining knowledge, facilitating the flow of education And have introduced the education and realization of justice to understand the existence of sincerity in the human body.

The purpose of this study is to understand the concept of intelligence in order to design a suitable curriculum for elementary in Iran using a combination of exploratory method in two qualitative (qualitative content analysis method and synthesis research method) and quantitative (questionnaire) section was done. The field of research at the qualitative level in content analysis was all intelligence based curriculum articles and books and in the synthesis research section included reviewing countries with intelligence curriculum, that is Malaysia, Australia, Finland, Singapore, England and South Korea. The sampling was done gradually and the saturation limits continued. Statistical population in qualitative section included specialist's in the field of curriculum, educational technology and intelligent instructors in Iran. The sample size was estimated at 375 by the Cochran formula. The sample was selected through multistage cluster random sampling and 41 item questionnaire was presented to the people. To validate the findings in the qualitative section, credibility was used (using people out of the scope of research) and to ensure the reliability, the audit method (maximum control during note taking) was used. Analysis of information in the qualitative section using the system of deductive category and subject coding and in the quantitative part in the method conformed factor analysis. The results showed intelligence is a concept which included five dimensions of management system, teaching and learning environment, empowerment, hardware and software and the curriculum model based on structural intelligence have the elements of goals, content, methods of teaching and learning and evaluation methods.

This research aimed to study about the relationship between academic self-confidence and academic achievement in physics course based on the intervention of academic motivation among the secondary school students in Isfahan. The research method was of correlational descriptive type. The Statistical population included 57004 secondary school students in Isfahan in academic year 2012-2013. At first، three districts out of six educational districts in Isfahan were selected randomly through multistage cluster sampling method. Then considering the size، stratified random sampling method was applied and sample size was calculated as 381 people. The research tools included the academic motivation questionnaire، researcher-made questionnaire on academic self-confidence as well as the final score of the students in physic. Data were، then analyzed by means of Pearson correlation tests، structural equitation، Spss 19th version، and Lizrerl software. The findings obtained from statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the academic motivation and the academic self-confidence or the academic achievement Academic motivation rolled as a mediator between the academic self-confidence and academic achievement. Additionally، between the variables of self-confidence and motivation، only was academic self-confidence which predicted the promotion in Physic in a best way.

This study evaluated the teachers’ professional development program in the field of nanotechnology in Isfahan by descriptive research methodology. The research population was consisted of 4379 teachers of Isfahan. By using random sampling method, proportional to size (based on the six districts of Isfahan) and by using Cochran formula, 354 teachers were chosen. In order to collect data, the teacher professional development questionnaires in the field of nanotechnology were distributed with four dimensions. The validity of the questionnaires was obtained as 0.82through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. After collecting data in the first step, questions of the four fields of professional development related to the purpose, content, methods and evaluation were identified. In the second step, questions of the questionnaires were developed and implemented. The obtained data from questionnaires was extracted and analyzed by using Uni-variate t-test, Friedman test and multi-way ANOVA and SPSS software version 19. The obtained results from statistical analysis were as follow: all options related to the purpose, content, methods and evaluations were higher than average (hypothetical mean of 3). Features of curriculum for teacher professional development in the field of nanotechnology in terms of educational level showed significant differences. However, in terms of the field of study variable, no significant difference was observed in respondent's comments.

In this study، content of elementary school books were analyzed which include citizenship education، health education، multi-cultural education،human right education، peace and equality and environmental education in the books of the elementary school in Iran. The sample، Persian book (reading and workbook)، was selected among the books at the elementary school. It was selected purposive; and the method of content analysis was qualitative; and the scale of description was stressing on globalization factors. The unit of record was a sentence for the text، questions، and activities; and for the pictures of the book، the unit of record was a picture in detail. The instrument of the re­search was a list of content-analysis which its reliability and validity was approved by the sailful pro­fessors. The results showed that the content of elementary school books، health education takes the most attention. citizenship education، environment education and multi-cultural education take equal attention. And the least attention was given to peace and equality edu­cation. The results also showed that inside the notions various factors have been taken into account differently. Another conclusion was that the major attention in the content of Persian books was to grade 3 and less than normal attention was to grade 6.

This study deals with factors enhancing the quality of teaching Quranic Sciences as seen by the instructors and students of Qadir Higher Education Institute of Quranic Sciences and Islamic Ethics. The research method is descriptive and measurmental. The statistical population comprised 11 instructors and 121 students. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 42 close-response questions and one open-response question whose validity coefficient was estimated at 0.87 using the Cornbach α. The analysis of the data was done at two levels of descriptive and presumptive statistics through drawing tables, frequency graphs, percentage, mean, digression, single-variable z-test, Hotelling t2 test, and independent t test. On studying six sets of questions in the questionnaire single-variable z test, it was found that these factors were highly effective in the quality of education of Quranic sciences: Harmony between educational programs and the student's actual needs, qualified instructors, availability of educational facilities, and hiring experienced and qualified staff. The effectiveness of using motivational strategies, and constant evaluation of the students stood lower than the average. Also, based on the results of Hotelling t2 test, in the views of the instructors, qualified instructors had the highest and constant evaluation of the students the lowest influence, whereas in the views of the students, qualified instructors had the highest effectiveness whereas using motivational strategies had the lowest impact.