جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "تحولات اجتماعی" در نشریات گروه "تاریخ"

With the rise of the Qajar dynasty and due to their religious tendencies, the shrines and pilgrimages gained a special place. The rulers of Kermanshah, following the policies of the central government in Tehran, devoted a part of their governance measures to the path of highness and pilgrims and related issues.This research aims to answer this question by using the historical research method which is based on description and analysis, what is the role and place of the Way of Atabat in the social and religious developments of Kermanshah? And how did it lead to important changes in the social and religioussituation of this city?The findings of the present research show that the actions of the Qajar kings and the rulers of Kermanshah to create security on the way to the tombs and also to create mosques and takayas and caravanserais for the well-being of pilgrims led to the expansion of pilgrims in this geography and considering that religious scholars, merchants and princes along with Ordinary people were important people among the pilgrims, the good interactions between them and the rulers and people of Kermanshah led to the permanent residence of some of them, and the formation of the clerical class and merchants took place from that time, and this caused social and religious changes in Kermanshah. It is possible to mention the strengthening of the discourse and religion of Shia in opposition to other religions and religious minorities, as well as the tendencies of constitutionalism in it.

The migration of various tribes and clans to Iran is one of the important issues in the history of this land. In the meantime, the migration of Muslim Arabs to Iran, which gradually shaped the religious identity of this land, is of great importance. Khorasan was the most important destination of Muslim Arabs in migration to Iran. In the first years of the Umaviyeh government, the first cohesive migration of groups of Arab tribes to Khorasan took place. The settlement of the Arabs in Khorasan and consequently the spread of Islam in it became the source of changes in the history of Khorasan in the beginning of Islam. The present article, with a descriptive-analytical approach, first describes the migration of Arabs to Khorasan and its extent, and then considers and examines the social, economic and cultural developments of the presence of Arabs in Khorasan. The spread of Islam, the prosperity of cities and the influence of Arabs and natives of Khorasan on each other’s culture were some of the most important consequences of the presence of Arabs in Khorasan.

The Buyid dynasty, an Iranian dynasty of race and Shi'a religion, was attributed to Abu Sjaha, who ruled a large part of Iraq (Ajam and Arab), the island, the Levant and various parts of Iran, including Jabal, between 322-488 AH. The Jabal region has long been the source of important developments in Iran's history in terms of geographical and historical location. This region in the 4th century AH, during the rule of a branch of the Buyids, found a special manifestation in the field of political, cultural and social developments. The hypothesis is that in the shadow of the relative tranquility provided by the Buyeo government, grounds for social prosperity were provided. However, social inequalities continued to dominate the region. Based on the findings of this study, which has been conducted by descriptive-analytical method and based on library studies, this region actually contains a kind of total number of anxies or even historical paradoxes within itself. Because despite the fact that this region is not politically stable in this century, socially, the long traditions of Iranian history have persisted in this region. On the other hand, the peaceful approach of Shiites in social interactions with other religions and sects in Jabal allowed them to have the opportunity to emerge and act, and on the other hand, the role of the Buyian government and its support for The Shiites was another important factor in this development.

 The study of the tax system of Poshtkuh in the Qajar period shows that the tax system has played the most important role in the political, security and social developments of Poshtkuh. This study aims to investigate the dual role of the tax system in the continuation of the rule of Poshtkuh governors and creating security on the one hand, and creating social and security instability due to injustices in receiving taxes on the other hand.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data have been collected and analyzed using desk research and library resources.

Determining the status of the tax system in Poshtkuh during the Qajar period, the existence of a direct relationship between governors’ tax payment and the continuation of their rule and the existence of a significant relationship between extortion in taxation and social and security instability are the most important findings. The results indicate that an overtaxation system, important social changes such as imposing poverty and deprivation on the people, imposing nomadic life, disintegration of tribes and widespread migration of Poshtkuh vassals to their neighboring areas, especially to Iraq and the establishment of colonies in the Iranian-Iraqi border and inside Iraq. Therefore, the tax system had a dual role, on the one hand, it promoted the continuation of the governor's rule and the establishment of security in the region, and on the other hand, by imposing poverty and disintegrating the tribes and their migration, it caused instability in social and security cohesion.

People cloth had particular importance in the Safavid period. This importance came from the significant socio-political developments of the history of Iran after Islam in the Safavid era. In this period Iran was changed in all aspects of political, religious, social, economic, and art. Especially the importance of paying attention to impact of developments in this period, increased by the synchronicity of these developments with the spread of European presence in various scene of Iran social. As part of culture of the society Safavid clothing were affected by these developments and it can be seen clearly in the paintings of that period as a sign of the evolution of clothing. This study has been tried, to be examined those political, cultural, and social development that had effect on clothing in the Safavid period by studying the paintings that left from that period. As a results of the study indicates that in this period, economic growth and textile industry development has a direct effect on woven and clothing of the society and this causes considerable beauty and elegance in a cloth and as a result of increase ties with Europe and cultural exchanges gradually caused revealing some elements of western clothing to the Iranian cloth.The present study is a descriptive-analytical study and the data was collected in a desk study.

The study of the history of Armenia during the presence of the Parthians in Armenia and the establishment and continuation of their government created changes in various political, social and cultural spheres in Armenia, whose effects in some areas, years after their fall and even to the present day of continuity Found. Meanwhile, the role of the Parthians in creating an out-of-order social system is undeniable through the organization of its aristocratic dynasties and their application to the hierarchy of the political power structure in Armenia and its consolidation and sustainability even after the fall of this family. Their severity and weakness in the Armenian power structure during this period depended on the close relationship with the king's position and the spatial and temporal conditions that Armenia was taking advantage of. The influence of the Parthians in the political structure and administrative hierarchy and even the Armenian social classes during this period was partially influenced by the historical and cultural background of Armenia, due to the long-standing presence of the Iranian tribes ruling the land, and the Armenian Partisans, knowing this important truth, They were able to create important developments, especially in the social and cultural sphere in Armenia.

The impact of the emersion of oil to South Oil: A Case Study of Gachsaran( 79- 1953 / 57- 1332)gachsaran one of the largest oil fields in south-western Iran. The next area of Masjed Soleiman and Haftkel in 1307/1928 with the discovery of oil in the country's third largest oil field. Start commercial exploitation of the oil field in 1319/1940, and links to the oil industry, the region turned to the oil town. The study and explain the impact of economic and social development of the gachsaran procedure is the oil industry. gachsaran looks with the development of the oil industry in the years 1335/1956 onwards, various changes in the social and economic dimensions in the region is created. This descriptive study and analysis of statistical data shows that oil discovery and the formation of clear impact on economic and social changes in gachsaran , such as the development of infrastructure, changing demographics, the rise of a new class, the transformation of living and immigration status have .With the development of the oil industry during this period of social change, economic results, the gachsaran one of the most important and influential cities in the northern Persian Gulf and the southern oil region has become.

Under the Qajars, the traditional society and economy of Bastam- Shahrud region remarkablly changed by internal and external forces. To enlight the developments, the present study readouts and analyses the official instruction issued by the central government for revenue and expenditures of the region in 1877-1878. This work shows that along with developments in the local economy (trade and agriculture), while income of the central government was growing, the peasantry were subject to more tax burden on the one hand, on the other hand nothing of the increased revenue reached the treasuray, as local expenditure exceeded the income.