جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تقسیمات کشوری » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

The policy of centralization and the implementation of modernization programs were put on the agenda in the form of various programs and different forms during the Reza Shah period. During this period, the implementation of programs and laws such as the mandatory duty system, civil registry, the discovery of hijab, the Settlement of nomads, the new judicial system, the registration of documents and properties, tax affairs, and so on. It was necessary to organize the divisions of the country in a modern framework. Therefore, Reza Shah changed the structure of the country's divisions to implement his goals. This research is trying to answer the main question, what was the process of changes in the country's divisions during Reza Shah's period, and what was its relationship with the goals of modernization and centralization in this period? The research method in this study is the historical method with a descriptive-analytical approach and relies on archival documents, periodicals, and written sources. The findings of this research showed that the changes in the field of country divisions in this period greatly increased the political concentration and influence of the government from the provinces to the villages. After that, the modernist policies of the government gained more momentum in various economic, administrative, and educational fields especially the strengthening and development of the new army.

The system of administration of country divisions of Iran was in the traditional structural framework before the constitution until the reign of Ahmad Shah, and even the law of 1325 A.H. of the first parliament of the National Council, which was written by the authors of the constitutionalists, could not change the ruling system of administration. create a lot But during the period of Ahmad Shah and the Ministry of Interior Qawam al-Saltaneh and with the presence of Demarni, the French advisor of the Ministry of Interior; The modernization of the system of the administration was implemented. Therefore, this research is trying to answer the question by using the historical research method and archival documents, publications and other historical sources, what were the factors and reasons for the change in the previous routine in the country's divisions during the period of Ahmad Shah, and how did this change happen? The findings of the research show that the leaders of government affairs during the reign of Ahmad Shah through reforms in the structure of the Ministry of Interior and the state administration, the formulation of annual budgets for the headquarters of the Ministry of Interior and the states and provinces, the formulation of the administrative personnel system of the Ministry of Interior and the Provinces and the formation of specialized commissions of country divisions in the Ministry of Interior were in pursuit of modernizing the system of the administration and making changes in that area with the aim of concentrating affairs.

This paper aims to explain the process of the changes in the administrative divisions in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province )since 2006( relying on historical sources and documents. Based on a number of historical proofs and archeological findings in relation to ancient times, vast areas of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari were initially under the rule of the Elamite Empire )300 BC(. Later, this region turned into the summer residence of the Akaemenid, Arsacid, and Sassanid rulers. Upon the arrival of Islam in Iran, the present Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, similar to other regions of Iran, was governed by caliphs. During this period, Lur-residing districts )including the Bakhtiari region( covered vast areas of Jibal, Fars, and Khuzestan Provinces. Following Iranians’ quest for independence in the third century )AH(, this region came under the sovereignty of Greater Lorestan )Lur-e-Bozorg( once again with Izeh as its capital city. Between 550 AH and 827 AH, this area was governed by the Atabegs of Greater Lorestan. After the rise of the Safavid Dynasty to power in 907 AH, given the changes in the various states and areas of Iran, two regions which were separate from each other in terms of their political geography came into being: “Chaharmahal” and “Bakhtiari”. The land of Chaharmahal was directly controlled by Isfahan. However, since this time onwards, the word “Bakhtiari” has been used as both the name of a tribe and the name of a geographical-political region, which has continued its political life with a semi-independent feudal government. During the reigns of Afsharid and Zand dynasties, considering the fact that, expect for a short time, the country experienced great chaos and frequent rebels, the same administrative divisions of the Safavid period existed with very few changes. During the Qajar period, the land of “Chaharmahal Bakhtiari” was known as the “Bakhtiari Land” and as the fourth region. After the Persian Constitutional Revolution, with the legislation of the laws of states and provinces in 1906, the status of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in its present from was established. Since 1907, when the first law of the administrative divisions of Iran was approved, until 1973, the present Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, was mostly known as a “governorate” and “governorate general” and as a sovereign of Isfahan. The year 1973 is of particular importance in the process of the changes in the administrative divisions of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari because on 29 September 1973, with the approval of the delegation of ministers, the governorate general of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari turned into a province.

Amongst the terms which Muslim geographers have borrowed from Persian, is "Rustaq " that has used in two forms; Rustaq and Rusta. Although in order to the same etymological roots and apparent resemblance, it was supposed that Rustaq and Rusta had the same meaning in the texts , these two words rarely have the same meanings
and implications. Generally, Rustaq and Rusta are two geographical independent units. Rusta was supposed to be used as Dih or Qerya(village) whereas, Rustaq referred to a unit larger than a city, and it was mostly like modern town Dihestan .

Have an exact recognition of administrative positions is so important and necessary to correct the understanding of the administrative structure and organization in each period. However, the important question which must be studied is that how much our knowledge about the administrative structure of govermment in the Safavid period, based on real historian informantion, is accurate. Most of our information is depended on some main resources from the period considered as the end of Safavid dynasty. The main concern here is that how much we can generalize that information to the rest of all Safavid government.In this article, we focus on Shah Abbas era, which is the period of thd consolidation of the central power, and finally leads to the crowning glory of the Safavid dynasty. This research analyzes three important sources of this period: "Alam Ara-e Abbasi", "Tarikh Abasi" and "Noghavat Asar". By comparing those resources with former ones, the position of Biglar Baigi in the administrative structure is discussed. Whith the use of this period resources, and analyzing them, this article tries to test the hypothesis that the Biglar Baigi office was established as a provincial office since Shah Abbas, and its duties were gradually clarified.

The word “province” and division of province has an ancient background in Iran and this background has caused its related words and concepts to be various and widespread: Satrap (Xašathrapāvan), Kust, Ostān (Province), Valayat, Mamlekat (mamleke), Balad and other toponymical terminology. Research about the types, meaning and diversity of these words is essential in order to understand fully the process of province changes in Iran. Therefore, the main question of this research is to find out what words with what kinds of backgrounds have been used to mean «Ostān (province)». The number of these words and their usages illustrates the fact that by the means of historical etymology of the word “province”, we can interpret the role of the administrative history of Iran and the major factors in utilizing the administrative terminology on a large scale. This research is a descriptive study of the etymological issues in history.