سوسیالیسم

Ali Akbar Dehkhoda presented two different views - radical and moderate- in relation to the issue of land ownership in different issues of Sur-e Israfil newspaper. The main issue of the present study is to explain the dual reading of Dehkhoda from the category of land ownership. Dehkhoda in his early writings took a radical and socialist look Provides coverage of human and Islamic rights in relation to land ownership and speaks of the unconditional transfer of land to the subjects and considers its coercive realization through the reform project or, if necessary, through the possibility of a peasant revolution. However, in the following posts, take a modified look and, by accepting the property rights of the owners, He offered to transfer the property to the subjects in exchange for paying their price through the bank. The present study, based on Skinner's intentional hermeneutics, reveals the findings and points in response to the above problem. Characteristics of the dominant linguistic-discourse and intellectual-social space, including: Intensification of political tensions and alignment of proponents and opponents of the constitution, Discourse disputes between legitimacy and constitutionalism, Discourse disputes between legitimacy and constitutionalism, Attack on the office of the newspaper Sur-e Israfil and a delay of more than a month in its publication, Along with the approval of the Impressions Law and the establishment of a peace committee(In the presence of Jahangir Khan, the director of Sur-e Israfil) and request to stay away from extremism, Caused Dehkhoda to respond in this way.

Following the opening of the political and intellectual space in Iran in the 1320s, various political parties emerged with their different ideologies and programs. One of these parties was “the Association for the Freedom of the Iranian People” (Jamʿiyyat-e Azadi-ye Mardom-e Iran), which began its activities around the same time as the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry. This article aims to explain the ideology and the political, social and economic goals of “the Association for the Freedom of the Iranian People” based on a descriptive-analytical method using primary sources. The party, based on its own analysis, saw Iranian society on the verge of social transformation and promoted agendas based on a specific ideology to realize this transformation. The basis for this ideology was theistic socialism, i.e. a combination of socialism and Islamic religious identity, on the basis of which the party pursued its goals. Among the most important goals pursued by the party were the protection of Iran's independence and territorial integrity, the creation of a democratic national government, the nationalization of natural resources and their exploitation on the basis of a national socialist ideology, the development of mechanization, the cession of agricultural land to farmers, the extension of property rights, the nationalization of heavy industry, the provision of public health care and cultural products, thefight against materialistic and superstitious ideas, the support of Islamic principles to strengthen faith, intellectual and moral growth in society, the guarantee of women’s rights and the strengthening of the family structure.

This article, which aims to examine the political thought and action of Mohammad Amin Rasoul Zadeh in the field of Islam, seeks to answer the questions of “What place did Islam have in the thought of Mohammad Amin Rasoulzadeh?”, and “What are the most important features of Rasoul Zadeh's political behavior in the field of Islam?” Findings show that although Rasoul Zadeh emphasized on the role and importance of Islam in the human personal and social life, but the political and social conditions of the Caucasus and his mental assumptions such as being influenced by the intellectuals of his time, caused him to use Islam for his own political and nationalist goals. He used the oppression and colonialism of Tsarism against the Muslims of Russia and the Caucasus for his own political goals and aspirations, and spared no effort to reconcile Islam with the socialist and nationalist ideas. He had a nationalist interpretation of the issue of Islamic unity. The research method in this paper is descriptive-analytical using the works of Mohammad Amin Rasoul Zadeh and the available historical documents.

Abstract: Focusing on the thought and political action of Salama Moussa in the realm of socialism this paper tries to evaluate the fundamental elements within the thought of above scholar. By reviewing his writings and his political attitudes it seems that the socialist Salama Mousa, adapting Fabin socialism, had been able to form a theory of his own compatible to his bio-universal attitude. This theory formed and applauded by Egyptian political environment did actually make him against so called the Socialist Revolution. The revolution might occur when the society is forced to or deviated from its natural path. In addition, he rejects Darwinian principle of survival in society although he accepts cooperation as a factor of development. He is against atheism and also puts stamp on establishing a democratic state. Moreover, he considers the intellectuals as influential figures for change where the labor could stand in the second place. Those fundamental elements represent an appropriate conformation of his thought with the characteristics of his society.

The theme of this research is the Iranian Women Movement from Constitutional Revolution to 28th Mordad coup d'état The problem of this research is to find the reasons of failure of left – wing women efforts in the Iranian Women Movement.To find the roots of this event, the Parson's Functionalist Theory has been applied.The claim of this research is: Active left – wing organization in Iranian Women Movement failed to reach their goals because of their inconformity with Iran Social Culture, recede from their primary goals (to gain women rights) and their instability. The result of this research showed that Left- wing Women activist groups in Iranian Women Movement due to their dependency to the left parties, especially Tudeh party, suffered severe damages.And the problems that struck the columns of Tudeh Party affected the affiliated Women Organization of the party and led to the failure of their efforts in Iranian Women Movement.