جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شاهزادگان » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

At the beginning of their rule, the Qajars used the tradition of dynastic rule to manage the system of territorial division, but from the period of Naser al-Din Shah, the tradition of dynastic rule to manage that system and the use of princes and members of the royal family in the states and provinces gradually lost color, and the bureaucrats of the time and members of their families, They took the place of princes and members of the royal family in the governance of the states and provinces. In this study, the historical research method and the descriptive-analytical approach were used to try to answer the main question of what were the characteristics of the system of territorial division during the reign of Naser al-Din Shah and what were the factors that caused the change of approach from the policy of dynastic rule to the policy of civil rule and what caused the appointment of the ruling judges in the states and provinces. The research method in this study is the historical method with a descriptive-analytical approach in the field of library studies. The results show that the change of state boundaries and the consolidation of states and provinces under the supervision of a ruler, as well as the creation of new states, were the characteristics of the system of territorial division in this period. The administrators of the administrative system of territorial division during the period of Naser al-Din Shah initially continued the policy of dynastic rule, but due to the harmful results of the dynastic rule policy in the political field as well as the weakening of the financial basis of the central government, they changed the approach from the dynastic rule tradition to the civil rule tradition.

The Qajars used other measures and policies to protect and govern the territory of the forbidden countries of Iran in the beginning of their rule, in addition to using the power of the sword. The tradition of family rule or the use of members of the royal family as rulers at the state and provincial levels was one of these measures, which had already been used by some former ruling families such as the Seljuks and Safavids.The findings of the study, which was conducted by historical method and descriptive-analytical approach, show that Agha Mohammad Khan, as the founder of the Qajar dynasty, continued the tradition of family rule by employing all members of the royal family as rulers to govern different states and provinces of Iran. Dad and two of his immediate successors, Fath Ali Shah and Mohammad Shah, introduced a kind of innovation in this tradition by restricting the use of members of the royal family to the king's sons and grandsons.

One of the most important and vital measures of any series is to create security and stability. Similarly, in Iran, dynasties took steps to establish security and political stability. Hence, activities such as social unrest that endangered the security of the Shah were severely punished. Among these punishments, which were often applied to rebellious princes, were abacination and blinding, which are noted recurrently in the early Iranian references of the Islamic period and before. These types of torture continued until the middle of the Qajar period. Via examining the political and cultural circumstances in the history of Iran, it can be inferred that since the Shah himself was the actual decision-maker and there was no modern judiciary, most of the punishments were executed on behalf of the Shah without any specific rules. While decoding the history of abacination, this article attempts to draw on Michel Foucault's theory of care and punishment to determine the hypothesis that considering the degree of insecurity and rebellion that existed at that time (By the cultural standards of the past) it was a logical reaction against princes to prevent rebellion and insecurity. The present historical study was completed through descriptive-analytical research method..

The depiction of the dimensions of the world of children in the Safavid period, such as the history of women, has often been recorded in connection with the events of the court and the elders. Historical sources such as the reports of the travelers and travel writers on the history of children of the Safavid era, including the precise definition of this period, the age limits and all the characteristics of children, do not have enough independence, but repeatedly the advantages and disadvantages of the children in the court, including the princes and other children of the courtiers have been mentioned. Scattered allusions, however, have to some extent reflected the social life of the ordinary and non-court children. This article, while considering the importance of childhood history, tries to answer the question of how the advantages and disasters of the children's history in the Safavid court were determined. It also examines the quality of social life of non-court children. The findings of the study show that the court children including the princes, although enjoyed an advanced and appropriate education system, but in the process of crisis of succession and bloody conflicts and also, from the second half of the Safavid era, by being in the circle of the harem, have suffered from a crisis and serious damage, which often led to murder, mutilation and blindness of the children. Sufferings of the court-affiliated children included becoming child slaves, a sexual commodity and also addiction. In the case of non-court children, although they had some commonalities with the court children, such as in education, textbooks, and religion, they were at risk of disease, war, famine, and rape. Instead, these children enjoyed more freedom of activities and social relationships. This is a library research based on the historical analysis.

Although Sassanid Reign had martial and ideological power, long-term governing wealthy and dominance on Eastern and Western parts of its vast throne, it was vulnerable from beginning. This phenomenon revealed itself in religious aspect and them it appeared in political side and relations among nobles of the country and royal administration. This vulnerability shows this fact that Sassanid Reign wasnt able to solve its political dilemma, though it had political and military power in Iran. The existence of this tension among mighty class of the society and royal court, turned the governmental divan in to adminstration conspiracies and this caused secession of a great part of courtier aristocracy, military forces, clergy and royalty from the body of the ruleand this caused excessive problems in that reign transmogrification and these civil crisis made the government disable in solving predicaments. which had irrevocable destructive effects. This investigation tries to analyze the basis and causes of tension in governmental structure and its effects on political and military aspect of Sassanid.

One of the main problems in the political structure of Qajarid government was the issue of succession and heir apparent. This issue made the government and country face crisis and civil war time and again. Although Agha Mohammad Khan's will and tribal customs were supposed to be admitted as a rule for choosing successors, it was never considered to be an accepted rule in political and official structure of the government as well as by the superior classes. This rule was established to let Qavanloo tribe stabilize and continue their kingdom, since they were the founder of the dynasty. The quarrel and fight among princess, the aggregation among court, bureaucrat and militaries as well as Russia and Britain's meddling were major factors in choosing successors. From time to time, these factors strengthened the crisis and caused civil war. Furthermore, the situation of Qajar's government and their foreign policy was weakened because of the foreigner penetration in choosing successors.