صوراسرافیل

The column "Cherandprand" in the third issue of "Sourasrafil" magazine is about a scholar who, on the one hand, was rumored to have his leg amputated, and on the other hand, received money from some constitutional opponents, but this name was removed from that column. This research is based on the question why a name has been audited in the text of "Cherandparand"? Who is the owner of that name and why has his ananame been withheld, and most importantly, what historical points does the removal of this name reveal from that turbulent era. This research, is based on the method of content analysis on the texts of "Cherandparand" and its analysis based on other texts and documents of that time, investigates the hypothesis that this name that was deleted is the name of Sheikh Fazlullah Nouri, and this deletion can be based on the process of constitutional distancing. The petitioner and Sheikh analyzed. Based on the findings of this research, it can be said that the hypothesis of the research is correct. The comparison of this text with other texts of "Cherandparand" which is about the sheikh shows that until he joined the sit-in of the constitutional opponents in Abdul Azim's shrine, despite the differences, the constitutionalists still respected the sheikh and on the other hand the sheikh had a tendency to stay at home. to avoid further confrontation with the constitutionalists, but the events take place in such a way that he is forced to appear in the community and officially and publicly oppose the constitution, and after that, nothing of his respect and credibility remains with the constitutionalists; A situation that eventually turns into a deep-rooted enmity, which is the prelude to the Sheikh's execution.

Ali Akbar Dehkhoda presented two different views - radical and moderate- in relation to the issue of land ownership in different issues of Sur-e Israfil newspaper. The main issue of the present study is to explain the dual reading of Dehkhoda from the category of land ownership. Dehkhoda in his early writings took a radical and socialist look Provides coverage of human and Islamic rights in relation to land ownership and speaks of the unconditional transfer of land to the subjects and considers its coercive realization through the reform project or, if necessary, through the possibility of a peasant revolution. However, in the following posts, take a modified look and, by accepting the property rights of the owners, He offered to transfer the property to the subjects in exchange for paying their price through the bank. The present study, based on Skinner's intentional hermeneutics, reveals the findings and points in response to the above problem. Characteristics of the dominant linguistic-discourse and intellectual-social space, including: Intensification of political tensions and alignment of proponents and opponents of the constitution, Discourse disputes between legitimacy and constitutionalism, Discourse disputes between legitimacy and constitutionalism, Attack on the office of the newspaper Sur-e Israfil and a delay of more than a month in its publication, Along with the approval of the Impressions Law and the establishment of a peace committee(In the presence of Jahangir Khan, the director of Sur-e Israfil) and request to stay away from extremism, Caused Dehkhoda to respond in this way.

The newspaper Șūr-i ʾIsrāfīl was the quintessential newspaper of revolution era, both due to its title and its content. The newspaper became the messenger of a new era with an allegorical language that was close to conventional wisdom. According to Nāẓim-ul Islām Kirmānī’s eloquent interpretation, the Constitutional Era (ʿAṣr-i Mashrūti) was the era of Iranian people’s awakening from the slumber of neglect. The metaphors of slumber and dreaming which lead to the awakening, liberation, and sucess of the evolution emerged as a result of a rupture in the value system and understanding of the past. In the Constitutional revolution (Inqilāb-i Mashrūti) allegorical views towards language and time were the two main elements of this rupture. In the realm of time, it was as if the understanding of the world’s symbolic order (Niẓām-i Ţūlī) was disrupted and the status of the king as its center and focal point was thrown into doubt. Similarly, in the world of language, allegorical readings of the world were contrasted with symbolic understandings. Benjamin’s allegorical view towards history, his linguistic and temporal hypothesis, as well as his metaphor of awakening and dreaming can be used to analyze and interpret the revolutionary event of Constitution (Mashrūti). The present study aims at analyzing some parts of Șūr-i ʾIsrāfīl. In doing so, the study applies Benjamin’s allegorical theory on history, story, and anecdotes from a liberating allegorical perspective.

In determining and explaining the political and social direction of the newly established constitutional system, Sourasrafil newspaper had a special reading and was influenced by the ideology of modernization and developments. What was the understanding of the writers of this newspaper about the ideology of modernization and transformations and how did they combine it with Islam and Iranian traditions? According to the writings of Sorasarafil newspaper, it can be said that the process of modernization and changes in the form of national government is based on political and social vision. Sourasrafil newspaper emphasizes on components such as people's sovereignty and rule, independence, freedom and legal equality of individuals and assumes the realization of these issues as a necessary condition for the transition to the process of modernization and transformations. In addition, socialism has been mentioned as the ultimate goal and horizon of this political system, which will be realized little by little by reforming the existing situation. This newspaper, with a desire to put an end to religion and a new perception of religion in the form of a monotheistic worldview, has combined socialism with a monotheistic vision and made it the theoretical and philosophical basis of its reading. Although the evidence shows that this integration has not been able to establish a natural connection between these aspects and build a new discourse, but this effort can be mentioned as the starting point of the thought of creating a discourse in the process of modernization and transformations in Iran.

Long before the victory of the constitutional revolution, in the aftermath of sending the first groups of Iranian students to Europe and as a result of their acquaintance with foundations and basic concepts of modern thought, Iranian intellectual movement came into being. One of the devices to propagate modern ideas into Iran by these intellectuals was to publish newspapers. "Ghanoon", a newspaper published by Mirza Malkam Khan in London represented an important section of the intellectuals, and Iranian thinkers inside Iran were greatly influenced by ideas published in it. Mirza Malkom Khan, through the pages of "Ghanoon", propagated reform and development in the country's socio-economic and political structures based on a kind of limited and monitored liberalism. After the victory of the constitutional revolution an influential radical newspaper called "Sur-i Esrafil" was published by Mirza Jahangir Khan Sur-i Esrafil and Mirza Ali Akbar Khan Dehkhoda which represented the radical intellectuals. " Sur-i Esrafil", on one hand, believed in liberal political rights, and on the other hand, propagated a socialist program of economic justice. These radical intellectuals were mainly people of the middle class origin who believed in democratic radicalism. But, at the same time the constitutional revolution made it possible for a zealous ultra-radical group to enter the political spectrum, who did not have any relations with the modern intellectual movement and believed in the traditional Islamic egalitarianism. "Ruh ol' Qodos" published by Sheikh Ahmad Torbati, otherwise called Soltan olOlama Khorasani propagated the ideas of this group of egalitarian constitutionalists who wanted to gain justice from constitutionalism. What they perceived from justice was not just socio-economic and political structures, but only just actions and deeds performed by a just person

One of the most influential journals of Qajar period and that of Constitutionalism was a weekly called Sur-e Israfil. This journal was first directed, prepared and published by Mirza Jahangir Khan Shirazi, financed by Mirza Qasim Khan Tapizi and written by Mirza Ali Akbar Khan Qazvini (well-known as Dehkhoda). Their extremisms and impertinence towards people and their beliefs made Mirza Jahangir Khan Shirazi out of favor and Mirza Ali Akbar Khan Qazvini (well-known as Dehkhoda) flew apoad. When Mirza Jahangir Khan was murdered, Ali Akbar Dehkhoda was burdened with all the responsibilities of the journal (publication of the last three issues); thanks to his efforts, it was published apoad. In the present paper, while studying this journal, we deal with a general introduction of those involved in its publication.