مصر و شام

Egypt and Syria were part of the territory of the Shia Fatimid state (297-567 AH). With the rise of the Sunni Mamluk state in Egypt in 648 AH, studying the political and religious relations of the Mamluk with the Shia residents of Egypt and Syria gains great importance. The main question of this research is: what impact did religion and politics have on the religious and political relations of the Mamluk with the Shias of Egypt and Syria? This research has tried, through a descriptive-analytical method and by focusing on the vital role of religion in the political and cultural structure of the Mamluk state, to examine the religious policies and beliefs of the Mamluk and the Salafi Hanbali jurists of that era. The conflict of the Mamluk with the Ilkhanids and the establishment of the Abbasid caliphate in Egypt also added to the complexity of these political and religious relations. The findings of this research show that the hostile policy of the Mamluk towards the Shīʿas was mainly due to following the Ayyubids and fear of the Shīʿa background in Egypt and Syria.

Shiite presence in Egypt and the Levant dates back to the time of the first arrival of Muslims, Shiite growth peaked during the Fatimid period, and despite the fall of the Shiite Fatimid rule in Egypt and the Levant, Shiites remained in the land And they were the Levant, but in later periods the Mamluks greatly reduced the power of the Shiites, so that by the end of the Mamluk period there was little Shiite influence left in Egypt and the Levant. This article seeks to analyze the historical reasons for the hostile and strict stance of the Mamluks towards the Shiites. The findings of this study show; The influence of some Salafi Hanbali jurists in the Mamluk court, the confrontation between the Ilkhans and the Mamluks, the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate of Egypt and the Levant, the Mamluks 'fear of Shiite history and originality, and the Mamluks' influence on the Ayyubids, especially in religious politics