معجزات پیامبر(ص)

According to ibn Ishaq, the Prophet (PBUH) wrestled with Rukana ibn al-Abdu Yazid to invite him to Islam and ordered a tree to come to him and then return to its place. Two consecutive events of wrestling and the tree movement in ibn Ishaq's report are reflected in Islamic sources in the form of two independent narrations of wrestling and the miracle of the tree movement. In addition to the differences in sources in how the two events are narrated, the accuracy and credibility of these reports need to be considered. Therefore, the present article focused on observing the textual changes and analyzing them and comparing the texts with each other, while validating the documents and examining the decency of the reports. The results of this study showed that the existing reports of wrestling and tree movement were suffering from textual anxiety and had conflicts in terms of time, goals, and the people involved. The results of the dating of the reports also indicated that ibn Ishaq's report was the oldest available version of this event, which included the two themes of wrestling and the miracle of the tree movement. It had been the source of other subsequent reports. Since ibn Ishaq's report was distorted in terms of attribution and lacked valid criteria in terms of textual structure, the reports based on it were also considered invalid.

Understanding the pre-Islamic Arab epistemological system plays an important role in understanding the mission of Islam. One of the components of this system is the extraordinary affairs in the ignorant Arab thought, which by knowing this field of thought, one can gain a clearer understanding in the nature and function of the miracle of the Prophet. This study, using library resources and in a descriptive-analytical manner, has explained a part of the intellectual-cultural situation of the pre-Islamic Arab society; That part which provides a comprehensive understanding of how the pre-Islamic Arabs interacted with amazing events and habits consequently, miracles. According to the findings of this study, the most important people who claimed to have extraordinary powers in the pre-Islamic period were the religious leaders of temples, priests, Christian monks and sorcerers. Thus, the origin of supernatural affairs in the eyes of the pre-Islamic Arabs was not necessarily a divine origin, but the claim of prophecy and having a special relationship with God (or gods) was largely proven in this way. In such circumstances, the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) had to perform a miracle to prove his prophethood and to overcome his other religious rivals. But since most of the possessors of these powers were considered sorcerers or priests, the main miracle of the Prophet of Islam appeared in a unique way in the form of a book and he refused to accept repeated requests in sensual miracles.