کهانت

Understanding the pre-Islamic Arab epistemological system plays an important role in understanding the mission of Islam. One of the components of this system is the extraordinary affairs in the ignorant Arab thought, which by knowing this field of thought, one can gain a clearer understanding in the nature and function of the miracle of the Prophet. This study, using library resources and in a descriptive-analytical manner, has explained a part of the intellectual-cultural situation of the pre-Islamic Arab society; That part which provides a comprehensive understanding of how the pre-Islamic Arabs interacted with amazing events and habits consequently, miracles. According to the findings of this study, the most important people who claimed to have extraordinary powers in the pre-Islamic period were the religious leaders of temples, priests, Christian monks and sorcerers. Thus, the origin of supernatural affairs in the eyes of the pre-Islamic Arabs was not necessarily a divine origin, but the claim of prophecy and having a special relationship with God (or gods) was largely proven in this way. In such circumstances, the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) had to perform a miracle to prove his prophethood and to overcome his other religious rivals. But since most of the possessors of these powers were considered sorcerers or priests, the main miracle of the Prophet of Islam appeared in a unique way in the form of a book and he refused to accept repeated requests in sensual miracles.

Magic has prevailed among different classes so greatly، which is found in many places of the world، and in many societies. There is a discrepancy among the Shi''ite and Sunite scholars concerning the factuality of magic،whether it is an actuality or a superstition. Most of them believe that it is a reality،while others maintain that it is a superstition as saying: If the sorcered person knows that he/she is affected،this imagination causes him/her to believe that he/she is under the influence of it،like the power of suggestion; therefore، he gets sick. But if the individual is not aware of being influenced by sorcery at all، then، he/she has no justification concerning the magic power if we might say that these actions are due to the employment of the Jinns or Devil against the sorcered person. So they agree that magic has different typeseach of which has its own principle and there are different decrees on each of them with، their own causes and reasons. The present paper is an attempt to show that some scholars consider magic to be true،while others regard it invalid and untrue. The paper also aims to study the concepts of magic and its invalidation ways from the viewpoint of jurisprudence،the Holy Qur''an and traditions.