arran

The cultural history of Arran during the 4th and 5th centuries AH is one of the significant topics that has received little attention in the historical sources of that period, and as a result, it has not been adequately addressed in contemporary historical research. This study, written using a historical method with a cultural history approach and by referencing literary sources from this period, examines the cultural transformations in Arran during these two centuries. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the process of weakening of the dominant Arabic culture in Arran and the various aspects of the revival of indigenous culture and the spread of Iranian culture in its place. The findings of this study, while correcting and complementing some previous research, show that the Sajid, Salarid, Rawadid, and Shaddadid dynasties, from the beginning of the 4th century to the middle of the 5th century AH, expelled the governors appointed by the Abbasid Caliphate and established semi-independent states in Arran, thereby ending the hegemony of Arabic culture and language. This led to the consolidation of the region's indigenous language and traditions, on the one hand, and the spread of Iranian culture and the Persian Dari language, on the other. Additionally, the Shahnameh (Book of Kings) culture became prevalent, and ancient names such as Shapur, Anushirvan, and Manuchehr appeared alongside Islamic names like Fazl and Ali. Festivals such as Nowruz, Mehregan, and Sadeh were celebrated alongside Eid events in Islam

Muslim historians and geographers have provided valuable reports on the conquered lands by Islamic troops. Arran and Arminia are among the lands which were conquered soon after the conquest of Azerbaijan (19 - 20 AH) in the final days of the second caliph. Of course, the reports of the historians are very diverse and one cannot come up with absolute conclusions on the issue. The present study contains the views of Muslim historians and reports made by all of them. Given the fact that the reports are contradictory and diverse, the full texts of these reports have been presented and compared and their differences have been highlighted.

The necessity of spreading Islam and strengthening the north borders were two important aims which caused couquering Arran by Muslims. Then at first the authority of Arabs and second Umayyads was started there. They had power and authority and considered themselves as an official carrier of religion. By evaluating the performance of Islamic conquerors in Arran from triumph up to the end of Umayyad`s decade, shows the changing of approach to the causes and motivations of the first conquerings of Muslim rulers This means that all conquerors gained the region by a holy aim at first and with compliance in tolerance of behavior with rulers and natives and struggled with common enemies set political and social relations; but from Othma’s period and with beginning of Umayyad’s rule started ambition, gold saving, booty earning, quarrel with rulers and natives, involvement with Roman Empire, standing against Khazars’ invasions, handing of ups and downs in their history and deprived the chance of advertise and spread of Islam. Although some of Islamic rulers acted to institutionalize. The most important question in this essay is: what was the conquering cause and motivation of Arran and which priorities conquerors put in their political actions.