islamic culture

The discussion of the new Islamic civilization with its religious approach is one of the most important and fundamental challenge of the present and future of civilization in the global arena. In the history of Islam, an important part of this civilization-building Muslim nation has been formed by Iranians, who have played an important and prominent role in various cultural and civilizational fields from the past until now. In this research, with an inductive method and an interpretative-analytical method, an attempt has been made to answer the question of what role and position Iranians have and will have in creating the capital of the new Islamic civilization.With the realization of the Islamic Revolution, new blood flowed in the body of the Islamic Ummah and a new life was given to the Islamic world. Therefore, in reproducing the new Islamic civilization, Iranians will be the most active social capital of this civilization, and according to interpretations, they will play such a role in the field of Islamic civilization. Also, due to the tradition of replacement, which has been chosen throughout history and the law of substitution has been applied to them, it will be the Iranians who will play a prominent role in the emergence of the new Islamic civilization.

During the early Islamic centuries, the city of Jurjan near the northeastern plateau of Iran was considered an example of the constructive interaction of Iranian - Islamic cultural elements; Despite the destruction of the historical site of the city, this research with a library method and historical analysis method has been able to understand the interactions of these cultural elements by using the most important sources and related researches . The result of this research has shown that during the early Islamic centuries, especially during the Pilgrim era, the constructive coexistence of Iranian cultural carriers with Arab immigrants in this city has caused both groups to achieve their scientific and literary goals and the prosperity of this city . The regional policies of Ziyarians have led to the revival of the model of Iranian culture , helping to revive the Persian language, Iranian traditions and scientific brilliance; At the same time, in a situation of environmental peace, the scientific activities of families mostly descended from Arab immigrants, such as Ismaili and Mahlebi, in certain areas, have led to the development of Islamic sciences, especially the flourishing of Hadith science. On the other hand, attention to Arabic rhetoric has been the common feature of both groups . This research has also studied the descriptive geography, demographic, religious and localities of this city in order to better assess the role of human and urban geography in the growth, development and scientific and literary developments

Malaysia is one of the leading Islamic countries that is trying to rebuild the religious identity of its Muslim society by learning its Islamic history, culture, and civilization. Explaining and clarifying this learning is necessary for all students, elites, and government officials in Malaysia for further growth and development. The current research used the method of collecting library information with analysis and conclusion along with a logical and argumentative approach and achieved several results including 1. Awareness and information in the field of history, culture, And the Islamic civilization of the Malays are inevitable for the formation and consistency of the human capital and the identity of the Islamic society of Malaysia. Give. 3. This information will be necessary to further form Islamic solidarity that is closer to Islamic traditions. Malaysia is one of the leading Islamic countries that is trying to rebuild the religious identity of its Muslim society by learning about its Islamic history, culture, and civilization. Explaining and clarifying this learning is necessary for all students, elites, and government officials in Malaysia for further growth and development. The current research used the method of collecting library information with analysis and conclusion along with a logical and argumentative approach and achieved several results including 1. Awareness and information in the field of history, culture, And the Islamic civilization of the Malays are inevitable for the formation and consistency of the human capital and the identity of the Islamic society of Malaysia.

In the center of the Mediterranean Sea, there is an island known as Sicily. This Island is a beautiful and fertile land with a mild Mediterranean climate. It is located at the intersection of two continents, Europe and Africa, and is the nearest connecting route between these two continents after the Strait of Gibraltar. This geographical location has made Sicily the target of many attacks and invasions throughout history. Muslims were one of these groups that attacked this Island many times. The present study, through descriptive-analytical method, tried to answer this question: what was the history of the Muslim conquest of Sicily and what cultural and civilizational achievements did they have during their domination there over the centuries? Research shows that the Muslim ruling dynasties on the Island flourished and expanded Islamic culture and civilization. The effects of this prosperity, especially in the form of art and architecture, continued even after the collapse of Islamic governments and during the Christian Norman era. Some Normans were tolerant towards Muslims and this made the effects of Islamic culture and civilization on the Island still noticeable.

Nomination is a social behavior reflecting the culture and tendencies of a society. This research has investigated common names among Muslims to the middle of the 3rd century (A.H). For this purpose, while phasing this nomination, to ensure the authenticity of the research findings, only reports with clear implications have been cited. The research has been organized by taking advantage of the statistical analysis of the first names of those mentioned in Sheikh Tusi's Rejal (as containing Shiite names) and Tabaqat al-Kobra (as containing non-Shiite names). The findings of this research clarify that the common names before Islam were influenced by the culture and tendencies reflected in the names of the Islamic period. However, after the advent of Islam, new names were used that specifically expressed Islamic religious culture. This development continued until the emergence of different Islamic religions, and after that, Muslims started nomination, according to their religion.

In the history of human civilization, there have been therapeutic superstitions alongside scientific teachings. This case existed in the Arab society under the concept of "Noshrat" which meant a charm, amulet, or prayer to cure the sick and insane. The problem of the research is that with what examples has the Islamic culture made the concept of "Noshrat" scientific in the general culture? Based on the findings of the research, in personal life: cutting the mustache, washing the head with marshmallows, depilatory, fragrance, toothbrush, honey, pecan, eating and drinking. In family lifestyle: looking at beauty and sex, in social lifestyle: meeting friends and talking with others. In the environmental field: walking, riding, swimming, and looking at the green, examples of knowledge based on this concept were introduced. As a result, the era of the 6th Imam, in addition to humanities, is also known as a unique era in the fields of medical sciences. In addition, the health system in Islamic culture includes a wide field that includes the society and even the environment, and this issue conveys the macro view and comprehensiveness of Islamic culture in health sciences. Also, Ahl al-Bayt considered the current needs of society and the post-modern needs of societies at the same time in the scientificization of health. Also, a superstitious idea can be transformed into a scientific idea by changing the example by the cultural elements; Without losing the title of superstition.

The first flourishing era of Islamic culture and civilization in the Maghreb and Ifrīqya occurred under the government of Aghlabids. Qayrawān is Islamic East Baghdad, the scientific and cultural center of the Muslim world in the West, And Scholars and scientists thought of it as the land of scientific trips to gain knowledge, research, and promote science. Rulers of Aghlabids knew subject to the Abbasid caliphate and followed of traditions and customary practices of the Abbasids, who depended on Persian traditions. They were intend to transfer sciences and knowledge of the Islamic East to Ifrīqya to try, scientists and excel in science learned to read. In the era of Aghlabids, for various reasons, many Iranian were staying Ifrīqya and in the Maghreb, and participated in the advancement and spread of Islamic culture and civilization. The main issue of this research is how and in what contexts the Iranians caused the transfer and spread of the manifestations and elements of Islamic culture and civilization to Africa during the Aghlabids period. This article is based on the approach of historical studies and the use of original historical sources and texts and modern research and is organized in a descriptive-analytical way. The findings show that some Iranian scholars and nobles migrated to Africa during the age of Aghlabids and played a great role in the transfer of Islamic and Iran culture and civilization from the East of the Islamic world to the West of Islam and the fields of bureaucracy, the formation, and expansion of sciences such as jurisprudence, Literature, medicine, art and architecture, and agriculture were influenced.

One controversial subject in the field of Islamic culture and civilization during two last centuries is the theme of change in Persian script. The thought of changing the Persian script has a long history, but in last two hundred years, it has received a lot of attention more than before; Various and sometimes extremist reactions to its developments have been proposed by the Iranian religious communities in the recent years. One of the centers that followed this idea is the Journal of the School of Islam, in which many articles dealing with the issue of changing the line, have been expressed. Two completely different views of proponents and opponents who do not have enough good faith in each other have commented on the issue of changing the Persian script. One of the important comments about the change of line is the discussion of conspiracy against Islam. This issue would damage Islamic concepts and consequently the kind of religiosity of the people; As a result, regarding to technical structure of the debate, their attention was drawn to prove that some people were trying to pursue the issue of changing the line with a pre-planned conspiracy and harming the religion of Islam. The disposition of the school of Islam in the titles and headlines of articles on correction and change of line reveals the malice of the designers of line change. Therefore, this article intends to explain the various views on the subject of changing Persian script in a descriptive-analytical manner and to examine the articles of this magazine and the point of view of its writers, in order to answer one of the important contemporary historical issues of the country.

The general purpose of the research is to analyze the content of search results about books on the subject of "Islamic civilization" on the official website of the House of Book. Islamic civilization has an undeniable presence in today's world. Its obvious sign is the growing population of Muslims, having important natural and human resources, the existence of valuable intellectual resources, and scientific heritage in this foreground. Therefore, the general question was created for the researcher that what is the status of the books available in Persian and indexed in the book house database as one of the types of scientific heritage of Islamic civilization?  The present research method is descriptive in terms of strategy, content analysis in terms of implementation path, and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population included 400 volumes of books related to the field of Islamic civilization available on the website of the Book House until August 22, 2021, which were reviewed in full. Data collection tools included coding sheet and related instructions, which were used after confirmation of formal and content validity by 5 experts and confirmation of reliability by calculating the coefficient of agreement between the two coders and calculating the Holst test (0.89). The results showed that in terms of thematic diversity in this field, 22.25% of the books with the main themes were "civilization", 17% "history" and 13.25% "Islam". In terms of the year of publication, 47% of the books were published in the years 2021-2017, which shows the increasing attention to the authorship and translation of books in this area. Among the authors of this field, Yousef Beyk Babapour has written the highest number of books in this field with 8 titles, therefore, he is one of the authors who has written many books in this field, and among the publishers who have published books in this field, "Ma’aref Publishing Office" published the most books in this field, which can represent the most active publications in the field of Islamic civilization. Among the books that have been reprinted in this field, the book "Islamic Culture and Civilization" written by "Ali Akbar Velayati" from "Ma’aref Publishing Office " has been published 87 times, so this is one of the best-selling books in this field, which has been very popular.

This study aims to examine the effects of Imam al-Ghazzālī on the process of Islamic thought in the Malay world, especially The Indonesian archipelago, as one of the most important and most populous Muslim regions in the Islamic world. The method of data collection is library-based and on available sources and reports and the research method is based on functional explanation. This study, which examines how the Malays got acquainted with al-Ghazzālī and the history and various dimensions of his influence on various areas of religious thought in the Indonesian archipelago, especially kalām and Sufism from the past to the present, concludes that al-Ghazzālī's thoughts on the development of Islamic culture in the Indonesian archipelago were influential, and the spiritual life of the Malays, from the religious education system to the social spheres has been greatly influenced by his ideas.

The relationship between the doctrinal presuppositions of Muslim physicians and their medical knowledge has received less attention in scientific research. By researching the medical resources of Muslim physicians and examining their scientific materials, the author has extracted, explained and analyzed their assumed theological principles. This is an analytical article examining the boundaries of medical science in Islamic culture. The results show that theological presuppositions, both in occurrence and survival, have accompanied the ideas and thoughts of Muslim physicians and, willingly or unwillingly, have formed the theoretical framework of their epistemological and practical worldview. The great figures of the medical field in Islamic culture obeyed the religious beliefs commanded by their hearts. From the point of view of the Muslim physician, the world is not devoid of meaning and it is not purposeless. In addition to its material face, it also has a heavenly face.

The Buyid dynasty, having a familial nature, ruled a significant portion of the Islamic territory in the fourth and fifth centuries. Although the Islamic culture and civilization was at its flourishing peak in the fourth century, it began to decline from the fifth century onward due to numerous factors. The coincidence of this phenomenon with the era of political weakness of Buyids caused by interior struggles confirms a causal relationship between the two events. Using a descriptive-analytical method, by describing the struggles, this study seeks to explain their impact on Islamic culture and civilization, and to answer this question that how the Buyid’s succession struggles contributed to the decline of Islamic culture and civilization, especially in the area of rational sciences. The findings show that the Buyid’s succession conflicts led to the decline of the political power of the Buyid's emirs, which in turn led to the weakness of the ministry, the strengthening of the political opponents of the Sultan, the weakening of economic prosperity, the escalation of social insecurity, the spread of sectarian strife and the prevalence of anti-rational currents. These factors gave rise to the decline of the rational sciences and, consequently, the decline of the Islamic culture and civilization.

Islamic civilization as a reality and having an independent identity (civilization as reality) or validity coming from the social life of Muslims (civilization as a situation) is one of the most challenging and deliberative issues in civilization research. From topics related to Islamic civilization, is its historical revolution or vital periods. Some have considered it in the course of history, and some have considered a vital pattern for it and enumerate it of stages such as genesis, growth, flourishing and development, cease and stagnancy, and also degeneration or decline. However, they do not agree on the historical order of stages. The common point among them is acceptance of its flourishing in the fourth century AH. The present article by a critical method and in a comparative way respond to this basic question that what are the advantages and disadvantages of the views expressed about Islamic civilization periods? The result of the research is that most of the existing views had no defensible scientific strength and require a serious and fundamental review because of having ambiguities and combination of conceptual boundaries, the uncertainty of the indicator, undefined historical basis, and also theoretical shortcomings specifically in the interlaced boundary of real or valid existence of civilization. From the perspective of this article, a vital revolution cannot be identified for Islamic civilization, rather it has to be considered in different periods and different lands without being able to indicate an immutable pattern for it.

Vakil bathhouse in Shiraz is amongst Zand monuments that have built under direct supervision of Karim Khan Zand. This bathhouse is amongst the most remarkable and splendid monuments of Zand era in its massiveness and architecture techniques and decorative ornaments and designs. Most researches about Vakil bathhouse had focused on the archeological، architectural and restoration program aspects. Therefore، the present article studies decorative ornaments and designs if this historical monument. Questions of this article are as follows: How did these decorative ornaments and designs have formed and where did they have adopted? What is the relation between these decorative images and designs with the culture and beliefs of common people? Moreover، which are the contents that used by artist of this era in this decorative ornaments and designs? This research shows that the origin of the decorative elements of this bathhouse is a composition of Iranian-Islamic elements from the ancient until the Safavid era. In fact، Karim Khan''s interest in revival of Iranian past by artists as mythological، epic and religious concepts that had roots in common belief had influenced on the formation and creation of these elements.

The centrality of the Prophet sīra (biography) in Islamic culture and civilization, which includes the role of the intermediary of the Prophet in receiving the revelation and the human, social, and cultural-civilizational formation of it, requires that firstly, the various aspects of this sīra are known and secondly, its anthropological, moral and sociological principles, and, in general, its function in Islamic culture and civilization, are to be derived for making a culture and civilization. This will not be achieved except in the light of the requirements and identification of various kinds of the sources of the Prophet Sīra. The purpose of this article is by a holistic view and content analysis method to explain the religious-civilization requirements of the source's identification (based on the various aspects of his personality), the recognition of its varieties. Important and well-known books on Prophet life include three types of Sīra and Maghāzī, general Chronicles, and the local Chronicles of Mecca and Medina, which are excluded from this study. Instead, such types as the Quran and its interpretations, hadīth collections, biographical dictionaries, Futūḥ (conquests) and Kharādj (land taxation) books, as well as geographical and theological works by the seventh century AH, which have been less studied or neglected in SĪRA studies, are examined.

The first document is a report by the then head of National Iranian Radio-Television (Reza Ghotbi), dated 1975. This document is about the opportunism of Afghanistan and Iraq in appropriating the prominent Iranian Muslim figures. The second document is the report of one of the deputies of the organization asking the head for guidance on how to identify the policy of the organization towards the political events of the spring and summer of 1978. Finally, the third document is a report by the organization’s journalist on health and life shortcomings of Kurdish Iraqi refugees in Kerman and Zanjan and their longing for returning to their country, in spite of serious dangers from the Iraq’s Ba’athist regime.

Toghrol Beik established a huge Empire with his succor and ambition in 429-455 AH. Then, his descendants; i.e. Alp Arsalan (495-566 AH) and Malekshah Saljuki (485-495 AH) have prevailed the peace and security on their social and political dominion, with the help of their tactful and famouse minister's experiences – Khaaje Nezamolmolk Tousi- and then have reached the power and greatness of the Empire to the highest point. The learning spirits of rulers and their interest to build the welfare institutions, mosques, carvanserais, libraries, academic homes, hospitals, school houses; good management and competency of Iranian cultured ministers – particularly Khaaje Nezamol molk Toosi (485 AH)- provided a new chapter in the history of Islamic culture, especially the formation of scientific centers and schools that distinguish this age from previous periods so this age called: '' The Establishment Of School Movement ''. The movement that began in Baghdad with establishing the first Nezamieh school(459AH) and it wasnt long before its results and effects involved the social and political realm of the Abbasian Caliphate and Islamic east; during the cultural exchange, it turned to the model and example for scientific centers and ancient universities of Europe. Besides school, other educational institutions such as: mosques, libraries, scholar's homes, hospitals, school houses have played an effective role in Islamic culture; developing and expanding of science and technology and training the scholars and scientists that this article attempt to introduce these institutions and cultural outstanding personage in this age as a brief.

Islamic historiography has been full of ups and downs, and has been affected by many social and historical parameters, to such an extent that some of these parameters, in the same way as a historical discourse, have created a historiographical era. Abdulḥusayn
Zarrinkub’s works on the history of Iran at first centuries of Islamic period were of great importance and authority in academies in Iran. Du Qarn Sukut, written in thirties (Persian calendar), his most famous work, presents a different account in comparison with Karnami-yi Islam, written in fifties. In his first account, Zarrinkub attacks the achievements of Islamic civilization in two first centuries, and considers Arab conquest as the reason of Persian’s misfortune; while in his second account, admires this civilization, and considers this encounter as a reason for flourishing and fruitfulness of both civilizations. This article tries to compare these two accounts of Islamic civilization, and examine the aforementioned contradiction hermeneutically.

The importance of brief-writing as one of the major types of writing can be tracked down through its history and validity among Islamic intellectuals. This research evaluates Muslim's interest to brief-writing and its advantages as well as its deficiencies. It also discusses the ruler's decrees for some works being abstracted and the writer's efforts
to abstract their own works for the fear of doing by others who were non-professional. The lack of unity over abstracting methods and the interference of intellectual and religious modes in eradication the subject are viewed in this research, as well as the interfering briefwriting which might cause waste or over-indulging of writers. (R.H.).

Islamic Culture and Civilization written by Dr. Ali Akbar Velayati would be authored and proposed as a text book for graduate students. This book, not only has structural, methodic and contextual mistakes, but also involves composing, formal and editing errors too, because of its expanded scope of the subject and author’s lack of sufficient expert in many topics and its varieties; and also author’s confidence and trust on less authentic and important– i.e. second hand - resources, and inaccurate translations of some non-Persian resources. The work has also a few controversies, incorrect analyses and invalid inferences which I would show them hereby a few evidences.