آسیب نیمکره راست

The present study aimed to evaluateone the communicative skills, discourse, in adult right and left hemispheres damaged Persian speaking patients due to cerebrovascular accident (CVA) using the Persian version of the Montreal Protocol for the Evaluation of Communication (M.E.C.). Findings indicated that damage to the right and left hemispheres of the brain leads to discourse impairments. However, damages to the right hemisphere increases the severity of linguistic impairments more than damages to the left hemisphere. All patients who had the weakest performance in the sub-tests of protocol skills, their temporal lobe was damaged. In RHD, those patients who had the weakest performance in the sub-tests of protocol skills, their damages were located in the temporal lobe. As a result, it seems that damage to the temporal lobe in the right hemisphere of the brain leads to impaired discourse skills. In LHD group, damages to the frontotemporal and temporal-parietal areas in the left hemisphere of the brain cause some impaiments to the discourse skills of LHD patients. Therefore, based on these datas, it may be claimed that there is a direct relationship between the degree of impairments of discourse and pragmatic skills and the location of the brain lesion.

Recursive structures, structures whose representation is produced by the repeated application of a syntactic rule, have been observed and investigated extensively in languages. By means of an experiment, the present study investigates the acquisition of recursive locatives in Persian-speaking children and provides new evidence on the subject of children's learning path, which lends its support to theoretical insights about the representation of this structure in the mind. Different languages do not uniformly deem recursive structures well-formed. Furthermore, in languages that consider the same recursive structure well-formed, it is possible for the acquisition age of this same structure to be different in children speaking different languages. Experiments report differences in the age that English and Japanese speakers acquire recursive locatives. In these studies, early acquisition of locative structures that employ identical prepositions is observed, as well as early acquisition in the language that marks the recursive structure by an overt functional element, namely, Japanese. Explaining these observations, Nakato and Roeper (2021) propose a three-step path in the acquisition of recursion: 1. Search for overt morphological elements 2. Search for overt lexical elements 3. The ability to interpret recursive structures without the presence of identical overt elements. In the recursive structure of the locatives of Persian, similar to Japanese and contrary to English, we witness an overt functional element: Ezafe. The presence of Ezafe in this structure qualifies as the first stage of the proposed acquisition path, and therefore it is predicted that the acquisition of recursive locatives in Persian will occur early. This article takes advantage of the presence of the overt element in Persian recursive locatives and by designing and implementing an experiment in accordance with the previous experiments, investigates the acquisition of locative recursion among Persian-speaking children and by means of the collected data examines the proposed acquisition path above.

Based on clinical observations, it has been determined that damage to the right hemisphere may cause some communication disorders. These non-aphasic communication disorders lead to impairments in the pragmatic, prosodic, lexical-semantic and discourse aspects of language that affect social participation. In right hemisphere damaged patients (RHD), discourse may be affected at both the perceptual and expressive levels. Right hemisphere damage can affect language-related skills. The present study aimed to investigate discourse disorder in adults with right hemisphere brain damage through the processing of relative clauses. The research is descriptive-analytical and quantitative. The statistical population included 10 healthy adults and 10 Persian-speaking adults with right hemisphere damage, who were selected in a convenience sampling way. The research tests included screening tests and tests for measuring the processing speed of relative constructions, which were done through DMDX software. Data analysis was done by the statistical methods such as variance analysis, independent t-test of two independent groups, and paired sample t-test. In subject relative constructions, the difference in processing speed of categories, relative clauses and relative sentences between the two experimental and control groups was not significant (P>0.05); However, in the object relative constructions, this difference in processing speed between the two experimental and control groups was significant (P<0.05). In subject and object constructions preceded by an initial context, the difference in processing speed of categories, clauses and sentences between the two experimental and control groups was significant (P<0.05). In the experimental group, the difference in processing speed of subject and object relative clauses and sentences with and without an initial context was significant (P<0.05). The research findings provide evidence for the negative effect of right hemisphere brain damage on discourse skills. Likewise, people with right hemisphere brain damage have more difficulty in processing complex language constructions referential items such as relative constructions compared to healthy peers.

The previous prevailing view in neurolinguistics was that it is the left hemisphere which play a central role in different linguistic levels and damage to this hemisphere, in various forms, causes impairments in linguistic abilities of individuals to varying degrees, but today it has become clear that right hemisphere is involved in processing of various linguistic aspects. Neurolinguistics studies have shown that due to brain damages in some areas, the ability to understand or produce language is impaired to varying degrees and causes language disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate prosodic skills in adult right and left hemispheres damaged patients using the Persian version of the Montreal Protocol for the Evaluation of Communication (M.E.C.)

Extensive clinical and experimental observations have shown that damage to the right hemisphere and areas outside the traditional areas of the language in the brain, along with dementia and Alzheimer's disease, can affect the communicational abilities of individuals. Researchers, in the past, had noticed such problems in patients, but due to the lack of appropriate tools, they were not able to accurately assess and describe these disorders. In 2004, Joanette et al. developed a comprehensive tool, the Protocole Montréal d’évaluation de la communication (Protocole MEC), in French to assess such skills. The present study has introduced and standardized the subtests of pragmatics (subtests of metaphor interpretation and speech act interpretation) of the Persian version of this protocol. A total of 150 participants in the age groups of 25-44 years and 45-64 years, and two educational groups of under 12 years and over 12 years of formal education participated in this study. These groupings were based on the relevant studies in other languages. The alert points for these two subtests were determined with the 10-percentile criterion in accordance with the original French version. The results indicated that, in line with research conducted in the Western languages such as English and French, the education variable had a greater effect on the performance of subjects than the age variable in Persian language.