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In romantic poems, one witnesses many events that unfold around love. Different poets and writers express their views on love in the form of a series of fictional events. To analyze these events, Robert Sternberg has proposed one of the most reliable theoretical frameworks on love stories. He has drawn five main axes for love stories, and for each of them, he has listed twenty-six sub-branches. The present study is an analysis of the poems of Weiss and Ramin and Khosrow and Shirin through the lens offered Robert Sternberg's theory of love as a story. Since the parts in Sternberg's love stories are numerous, the space of this research allows only for what the writers consider to be more important and outstanding love stories. The results show that Weiss and Ramin and Khosrow and Shirin prove to contain many components of Sternberg's theory. Among these components are, psychological reasons for characters' actions revolving around love as well as their interactions and approach to romantic and physical relationships which reveal the hidden psychological dimensions of the characters to a great extent. The study reveals that elements of Sternberg's theory are more prominent in Khosrow and Shirin compared to Weiss and Ramin.

The notion of love is one of the recurring themes in world literature. With the aim of investigating the Love-making styles in the relationships of the characters in The novel L'Ame enchantée, the two theories of Sternberg, American psychologist: "love triangle" and "love as a story" have been utilized as the criteria of measurement. This research is a theoretical study, in a library style, which was conducted with analytical-descriptive method. The scope of the research is addressing the first part of the novel translated by Mahmoud Etemadzadeh, which was published by Doostan Publishing House. The hypothesis of the research is the possibility of examining and explaining the styles of Love-making based on the aforementioned theories. Paying attention to the internal and external factors affecting love, in describing relationships and creating debates between characters to clarify their inner stories and attitude towards love is a recurring method in this story. Precisely, it can be considered as the author's special style. He has expressed the characteristics of the two components of intimacy and excitement from the three components of love which defines the three types of love, Liking, Infatuated love and Companionate love. We can see a number of love stories: Art, House and Home, Game, Religion, Sacrifice, teacher-student, Travel, Dream story.
This article, after introducing "Romain Rolland" and his novel "L'ame enchantée", according to Sternberg's theories (i.e. triangular theory of love and love as a story) analyzes the love styles of the characters, especially "Annette", the main character of the story. In the first part of this great novel, titled "Annette and Sylvie", a number of romantic challenges and faced which should be examined so as to answer a few questions in this article;
Is it possible to provide an explanation for these romantic challenges using Sternberg's psychological theories about love?
What are the components of love in the first part of the novel "L'ame enchantée"?
Which types of love are mentioned in this part of the novel?
According to Sternberg's theories, what kind of love stories are we dealing with?
The scope of the research addressed the first part of the novel "L'ame enchantée". The elements and characteristics of Annette's romantic relationships, in this part, have been matched and analyzed with two theories about love from Sternberg; "The Triangular theory of love", and "love as a story". Last but not least, the presented research follows a descriptive-analytical procedure which has utilized a library method for data collection.
"L'ame enchantée" is one of the best fiction works of the 21st century by the great French writer "Romain Rolland". By dealing with diverse aspects of the characters in the novel, he expresses their attitude towards human values (especially love) and shows the impact of various social and religious factors on it. It is the story about one of the first modern French women, Annette Riviere; who stands in front of narrow-mindness and wrong and old thoughts of his people in order to have an independent life. The novel takes place in Paris at the beginning of the 20th century. At the beginning of the story, we meet Annette who has lost her mother and now her father and her prosperous life and facing many problems.
Sternberg presented The Triangular theory of love in the late 1980s, which methodically stated the components of love. According to the presented theory, love has three components: (a) intimacy, which encompasses the feelings of closeness, connectedness, and boundedness to be experienced by individuals in love relationships (b) passion, which encompasses the drives that lead to romance, physical attraction, and sexual consummation, and (c) decision/commitment, which encompasses, in the short term, the decision that one loves another, and in the long term, the commitment to maintain that love". (Sternberg, 1986, 119). The intimacy component refers to those feelings in a relationship that promotes closeness, bonded ness, and connectedness that it includes, among other things, feelings of (a) desire to promote the welfare of the loved ones, (b) experienced happiness with the loved one, (c) high regard for the loved one, (d) being able to count on the loved one in case requireds, (e) mutual understanding with the loved one, (f) Sharing of one's self and one's possessions with the loved one, (g) receipt of emotional support from the loved one, (h) giving of emotional support to the loved one, (i) intimate communication with the loved one, and (j) valuing the loved one in one's life (Sternberg & Grajek, 1984).The passion component of love comprises those motivational and other sources of arousal that lead to the experience of passion. In a loving relationship, "sexual needs may well predominate in this experience. The other needs, such as those for self-esteem, nurturance, affiliation, dominance, submission, and self-actualization, may also contribute to experiencing passion. The decision/commitment component of love consists of two aspects, a short-term one and a long-term one. The short-term one is the decision that one loves a certain other. The long-term aspect is the commitment to maintain that love. (Sternberg, 1986, 122). These three components can be combined and, according to the amount of each component, create different types of love, which are named as: Non love, Liking, Infatuated love, Empty love, Romantic love, Companionate love, Fatuous love, Consummate love.
In the mid-nineties, Sternberg proposed the theory of "Love as a Story" and tried to find an answer to the question of why a person falls in love with a certain person and does not fall in love with another. This theory states that everyone has a story or stories for love. "Love", as a matter of fact, is a story that individuals are the authors of. The main point of this theory is that we unintentionally fall in love with people whose stories are exactly like our story or similar to it, but the role of that person in his story complements our role in our story. Annette's romantic relationships are formed among her social relationships. She meets different people and has different experiences. Annette's relationships with her father, sister and some other young people were examined in this article.
Roland first creates a situation where a new character enters Annette's life story, then describes his occupational characteristics, appearance and physical charms to prepare the ground for love, then his family, social and describes his religion. IT makes the characters to face each other and find out each other's opinions and depth of feelings through long conversations; in a way, it creates a debate that is the product of the characters' attitude towards life and love.
We can consider Romain Rolland's way of dealing with various social, religious and even historical issues through the expression of different forms of love, his special style of thinking. He presents different forms of love and explains various issues that affect love. In each part of the novel, according to the cultural, social and religious status of the characters, he reveals their attitude towards love well, and in this regard, he uses the description of the details competently. "Rolan" considers the inner attitude of each person and the external factors in the way of making love. They shape the stories they consider for their love lives based on the insights and attitudes of their cultural, religious, family, and social environment and use different descriptions, discussions, and images. These stories can be explained by Sternberg's theory.
All three components of "Sternberg's love triangle", i.e. intimacy, passion and decision/commitment, can be understood well in the author's way of expression. He displays the elements of "intimacy" component, especially secret telling, heartache and support in the behaviors, mentalities and long conversations between the characters.
In dealing with the emotion component, stimulating and motivating romantic behaviors such as looking, touching, kissing and hugging, which are elements of this component. He does not forget the existence of the "commitment" component is more dependent on the type of insight and attitude of people than the other two elements; therefore, due to the difference in the type of social vision of the characters, the element of commitment can be found less in their relationships. Roland describes and narrates various types of love including "liking", "infatuation" and "Companionate love" among the characters.
The romantic stories were identified in this part of the novel based on the theory of "love as a story"; they include "The Game story", "The Art story", "Object story" (House and home story), "The Religion story", "The Sacrifice story", "The Travel story", "The Teacher and Student story" and "The Fantasy story". The multiplicity of these stories in the novel shows the author's broad insight and his knowledge of the society he has addressed in the novel.

In today’s interdisciplinary studies, assessing the relationship between literature and other sciences is highly beneficial in literary criticism. The psychoanalytic criticism is one of the pioneers of this phenomenon. This approach in the contemporary era has entered a new phase with the formation of new psychoanalytic cores in terms of psychoanalytic theories of love initiated by Robert Sternberg, who defines his analysis system based on the type of action of individuals in romantic relationships. He has developed efficient model in identifying the form of love in each person in this context. The objective here is to adopt a descriptive-analytical method to assess the love poem Khosrow va Shirin and Leili va Majnoon by Nezami Ganjavi with a comparative approach from Sternberg’s view and explain why the titles Eshq Nameh (love) and Havas Nameh (lust) are applied to the narration of Leili va Majnoon and Khosrow va Shirin. The results indicate that from Sternberg's point of view, perfect and holy love is a threefold relationship of commitment at the highest level and intimacy and passion at the lowest levels. In a narrative based on the failure of love in the direction of "ideal and perfect love" and its victorious hero is involved in "sad and romantic love", the type of relationship is based on lust the Havas Nameh and if the type of mutual love is of the "ideal love" type orientation, due to the priority of the commitment component, love is formed in its true meaning, the Eshq Nameh. The results here indicate that the element of commitment in Ganjavi’s self-consciousness has an operational structure and function in love-based relationships in terms of Robert Sternberg’s theory and cognitive psychoanalysis in the contemporary period.

Psychoanalysis is generally applied in exploring and analyzing of the mind’s functionality and psychological problems among people. The founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, had a significant role in promoting literary studies. Among the theories of psychoanalysis, the category of love is one of the issues that have attracted researchers in the field of anthropology, especially psychologists, as an explanatory and fundamental subject in human life. In 1986, Robert Sternberg presented his first theory about love in "A Triangular Theory of Love" theory, in 1994; he re-evaluated the love triangle theory and developed the "love story" or "love as a story" theory.
The central element in Nezami’s narratives is the issue of love and its governing relationships. Two of his works, Leili va Majnoon and Khosrow va Shirin, have aspects of relationships that, above all, can be proposed and assessed in a comparative reading as a proper subject for this type of psychoanalytical analysis. Love is the principal theme in Nezami narratives. In his two significant narratives, his focus is on the clear border between love and lust. The objective here is to assess these two areas concerning the cognitive psychoanalysis of the contemporary period by relying on the data of psychoanalytical knowledge.

Method and Materials:

This research compares the type of love in the two narratives Khosrow va Shirin and Leili va Majnoon through the descriptive-analytical method.

According to the textual implications, passion is evident in all the stories as the most prominent component in the course of the characters’ affection. This component is more apparent in Khosrow va Shirin, especially in the course of Khosrow's love, followed by more elements of intimacy and commitment. The results indicate that Khosrow's love for Shirin was initially the type of love that only consists of passion, and there is no mention of the other two components. By enriching intimacy, Khosrow is placed in romantic love. Khosrow's love for Shirin is foolish, where experiences absurd love when dealing with Maryam; accordingly, in Shirin's personality, more than any other component, is at the first level, followed by intimacy and passion. Because the passion in Shirin evolves quickly next to intimacy and commitment, it can be deduced that love in Shirin, according to Sternberg's views, is the ideal and perfect love, while, the most explicit component of Farhad is his commitment, which appears to be mixed with elements related to intimacy and passion, thus, Farhad's love can be classified as ideal love. The findings here reveal that the frequency of love in the Khosrow va Shirin narrative is romantic love, complete love, foolish love, and empty love, respectively.

The tragic side of the narratives appears when the characters in whom the three elements of love have reached perfection and have experienced ideal love, though love turns out to be a failed experience. At the same time, Khosrow's character, according to Sternberg’s analytical principles, is devoid of the element of commitment and, based on the narrative, is the winning hero of the story. Leili va Majnoon is identified based on commitment, which is a two-way and mutual issue. Although Leili agrees to a forced marriage with Ibn Salam, a traditional marriage, according to the propositions of the text discussed earlier, she committedly insists on the love of Majnoon. Other elements of love are manifested in her existence to the extent of perfection. Because love in Leili and Majnoon is at the ideal love level, the bound between love and lust in Nezami’s narratives is somewhat bolder.
Another determining factor is the element of commitment that is from the perspective of cognitive psychology; a relationship that lacks commitment is practically empty of its perfection and can be defined within the boundaries of lust. Nezami names a story of love as “lustful”. From a cognitive point of view, if the type of love between the two sides is of the ideal love, based on the existential centrality of commitment, love is in its complete form.

Love is one of the recurring themes and as the most motivating element of life, which has enchanted the thought and language of poets with its charm and grace since long ago in the creation of romantic and lyrical works. In the field of psychology, several theories have been presented to better understand and explain love, the most influential of which is Robert Sternberg's love triangle theory. He believes that perfect love consists of three components: "intimacy, passion and commitment" and from the lack of each component, other types of love will be formed that are not perfect and will not have a favorable result. The current research is a theoretical study and it has been done in a descriptive-analytical way by referring to library sources, and its main purpose is to explain love and its types in the poems of Simin Behbahani and Alamtaj (Jale) Qaim Magi based on Sternberg's love triangle theory. The findings of the present research indicate that Simin Behbahani and Jale Ghaem Maggi, under the influence of various factors, such as personal experience and social issues of the age, addressed the theme of love and some of its types in their poetry, and it shows that rebellion against some norms and or social anomalies have caused the two mentioned poets to be driven to the theme of love in women; Lack of awareness of the dimensions of perfect love and ineffective choice causes the emergence of types of love, the evidence of which can be seen in the poems of Jaleh and Simin, and some of them can be matched with social problems.

Love is a human and cultural phenomenon and can be a common field of study in psychology and literature. There are many different definitions of love in psychology, one of the most distinctive of which was stated by Sternberg, called triangular theory, which consists of three components: intimacy, commitment, and passion. Sternberg then introduces love as a story to re-evaluate his theory. With a psychometric approach, Sternberg designed two questionnaires with the aim of identifying the type of love relationship and estimating the continuity of marital relationships based on the similarity of the couple's love story. Since Ghazal Hafez as one of the pillars of Persian literature mentions many romantic concepts and miraculously expresses love, this study aims to explain the possibility of replacing Hafez's poems with two categories of questionnaires. Sternberg's love was diagnosed by comparative analysis. Findings show the possibility of replacing Hafez's poems to identify love by describing the psychological features of Hafez's poetry such as mental projection, center of will, imagination, emotion and hope and their equivalence with the aspects of love theory as a story. . Also, by tracing themes such as faithfulness to the covenant, sincerity, impatience, loyalty, empathy, sharing of assets with the beloved, etc., it became clear that Hafez, as a psychologist, paid attention to complete love.

Amir Khosrow Dehlavi ( ) is one of the famous Persian mystics and poets of India, who dated his Masnavi dolerani and Khazr Khan in to imitate the military khams. The content and content of Dolarani's and Khadrokhan's rich poem about the failed love and failed marriage of Khadrokhan's son Aladdin with Daulani's daughter Amir Gujarat. This romantic Masnavi, also called Ashqiyah, is also famous. Robert J. Sternberg (b. ), an American cognitive professor in , presented a theory of love in the sense that love is intertwined with the creation of man and his continued survival that man needs to improve his quality of life. There is love and manifestation of its transcendent sparkles. Love is a motivational phenomenon that protects people from the difficulties of the day when difficulties arise. The present article seeks to answer which of the three types of love outlined in the Sternberg's Trilogy of Love triangle in the Dolorian and Khazrikhan Amir Khosu Dehlavi's poems. The results of the study show that Amir Khosrow's love is the perfection of love.

Love is one of the most important topics reflected in Bilalchr('39')s folk poems in Bakhtiari culture. This study aims to see which story, dimensions of love, and the type of romantic relationship are highlighted in Bilalchr('39')s poems. The theoretical basis of the research is Sternbergchr('39')s love theory and the method of analysis is qualitative. In Bilalchr('39')s poems, at the ideal level, all three dimensions of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment, are represented, and love is perfect; but on the level of reality, due to the difficulty of achieving all three dimensions, love is formed by a type of romantic or stupid love, which causes the lover and the beloved to be attracted to each other only emotionally, i.e. their romantic relationship is superficial. In terms of the type of love story, the story of art is more prominent in these poems, based on which the lover is seen as a statue whose beauties the lover enjoys watching. The limited reflection of the story of self-sacrifice and the story of addiction in these poems make the lover feel satisfied with his relationship. On the other hand, the woman feels important in the position of the lover, and consequently her life gains meaning.

An accurate expression of the psychological and emotional issues of love, marriage in Daneshvar's novels is one of the suitable options for studying the theory of love triangle. Simin Daneshvar is one of the contemporary female writers whose consideration of women's issues is one of her significant intellectual features. One of the most important scientific theories of love is Robert J. Sternberg's theory of the love triangle, which deals with the three aspects of "intimacy", "sexual desire/ passion and lust" and "decision/ commitment" in love. The aim of the present study is to examine the three features of the love theory of Sternberg's love triangle in Sushon's novel. In this novel, the love affair between Zari and Yusuf is examined as the main characters. The results show that Daneshvar has tried to preserve the romantic relationships within the family, and the characters involved in the novel experience the transcendent love. The present article is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library.

Shaktistan is one of the poets and mystics of the eleventh century AH (1091). This teaching and teaching work is designed to mimic Golestan Saadi and Baharestan Jami. The fourth believer in the fourth chapter of the Book of Thanksgiving, entitled Absolute Witness Lovers, explores the types of love mentioned. Robert J. Sternberg (b. 1949) An American cognitive psychologist in 1978, presented a theory of love that holds that love is linked to the creation of a human being and the continuation of his survival to improve the quality of life. The very need for love and manifestation of its transcendent sparkles in itself exists. Love is a motivational phenomenon that protects people from the beams of time when difficulties arise. This article seeks to answer the question of which type of love is endorsed by the believer? The results of the study show that love is the believer's ideal, ideal love and perfectionist.

Qaiser Aminpoor as a prominent poet in contemporary Persian poetry has devoted much of his poetry to the phenomenon of love. What makes this book particularly important is the change in the poet's attitude to the phenomenon, which can be studied from a literary and psychological perspective. In this study, various aspects of love in the grammar of love have been studied, using library sources and descriptive-analytical methods, as well as using the Sternberg's theory of psychological theory. The results show that although the poet considers ideal love to be perfect, its frequency is not significant compared to non-ideal love. The quest for realism is justified. According to Sternberg's views, Qaiser's look at the phenomenon of love and its quality has been declining in this office and has been accompanied by pessimism and negativity, which is why his poems have a romantic (black romantic) side. Most of his poems have only two pillars of dedication + excitement, and the element of intimacy has echoed to a limited degree that the conclusion of this love affair is a philosophical-personality one and highlighting the dark and unpleasant aspects of life.