برمون

The present article intends to study the narrative sequences of Iranian folktales from a constructionist perspective and by reflecting on and rereading the narrative from the perspective of Claude Bermon. Darab Nameh Beighmi (15th century) is one of the eloquent and valuable texts of Persian prose, which, in addition to epic narratives about ancient warriors and heroes, also pays attention to manifestations of folk legends centered on knights and romantic events around their personalities or lives. In this descriptive-analytical research, a sample of evidence has been selected from the text of the story, which can be adjusted to Bremon's model. For example, in the story of Jahan Afrooz, there are three sequences that create the main sequence or the whole narrative. The actions and events that follow in the story of Jahanfaroz have created a very coherent and character-oriented narrative. In addition, based on the patterns designed in this paper, three types of sequences considered by Bermon, including Enchainment, Enclave, and Joining, can be seen in the narratively analysis of the story of Jahan Afrooz. Thus, in the enchainment, enclave sequence, which is a set of continuous actions, the character is guided in the right path in the story, and in the part of the joining sequence, the reactions of the anti-hero and the restraining forces are in conflict with the actions of the hero and the main character of the story.

Advances in contemporary literary criticism led to the creation of the school of structuralism inspired by the theories of Ferdinand de Saussure. Nowadays, structural analysis is one of the most important methods of short story analysis. The feature of this method is that the researcher does not study the various phenomena of his science separately and independently of each other, but he always tries to study each phenomenon in relation to the other phenomena which it is a part of it. Structuralism is a theory that recognizes, studies phenomena based on the rules and patterns that underlie their basic structure. The structuralism movement, with its achievements from the formalists, gave a deep originality to the narratology. The term narratology was first used by Tzutan Todorov. In this article, two short stories "Zan-e-Ziyadi" written by Jalal Al-Ahmad and "Al-Zawar" by Yusef Idris have been selected and each of them has been analyzed based on the structuralism theories of Todorov and Bermon and shows that the narrative structure of these two anecdotes are consistent with theories of these two literary critics.

Structuralism is an attempt to apply linguistic theory to non-linguistic subjects and activities. In this paper, the narrative of Zahak Mardush is examined based on the theory of Claude Bremond, the French structuralist narrator. Bremond considers sequence to be an essential element of narrative. His model is based on the dual approach of winning or not winning the champion. In this paper, the narrative has been analyzed by a descriptive-analytical method. After examining it, it was concluded that the narrative has a systematic design and has used the method of narration linearly.

The investigation of basic narrative structures which were followed regularly between formalists and structuralists in twentieth century, has a salient role in literary researches. Among formalists, Vladimir Propp’s theory, manifested in the book “Morphology of Folktale”, can be mentioned as the first attempt in theorizing narration that later attracted French narrative structuralists' attention. By utilization of Propp method, it was revealed that final narrative structure could be determined. This method in which the functions of narrative design were taken into consideration, was changed in Greimas’s and Bremond’s works. By studying structural semantics and continuing Propp’s researches, Greimas could present actantial model. Also Bremond whose works were based on Propp’s view, completed and revised his opinion according to Propp’s theory. In the present study, by using descriptive-analytical method, Greimas’s and Bremond’s narrative viewpoints will be compared with Propp’s opinion. Then it will be represented how Greimas and Bremond, applied Propp’s perspective as a source for reflecting their comprehensive theories.

Structural approach to literary works due to the investigation of the elements of the text and the discovery of their interconnection pattern provides the ground for obtaining a more appropriate literary nature and by presenting the works of creating the works of the supreme literary works can extend the patterns of the processing of the literary help slow.Keywords: Simynodshan, Shushoon, Bramon, Proceedings, Narrative, Structure. A group of structuralist critics has studied the elements of the story, their narrative forms, and their rules of composition. In the meantime, Claude Burmen proposes a scheme based on the concept of relationships between the smallest units, with the advent of a system based on the form. The famous novel, soovashoon, is a great work for you, with multiple axes and streams shaping it. In order to examine the structure of the text of this novel, we must inevitably extract its outline and then analyze it. In the distribution of the novel, the original design, characters, the extent of participation in the chain of events and their role in building up the peak are of great importance. The power of a realistic novel is among them in terms of the number of complete advancements and the way in which it is organized and causal relationships. The number of major hits usually depends on the number of points of the story's height. Each person plays a role in multiple novels during a novel, but they do not play a central role in creating the main building of the story. So the novella Swishon, a logical combination is a logical combination of axial transitions that is intrinsically linked to subordinate and secondary sequences, and the number of its characters is influenced by factors such as the number of major narrative stories of powerful narratives, They are targeted with each other, the overall atmosphere and the subject matter.

Structuralism extends an inclusive perspective in analysis of texts during which all intratextual components are linked to one another and the function of each component depends on the system. Due to its cause and effect basis, coherence and high capacity in structural analysis, narration has always drawn the attention of many narratologists. This paper attempts to study the narrative structure of three Elahi-nameh, Mantiq al-Tayr, and Musibat-nameh poetic works which have similar narrative forms, using the viewpoints of structuralistnarratologists and a descriptive-analytic method. The agreements and rules governing Attar’s narrations are discovered and introduced. This study shows that “journey” is he central and cohesive element of the poetry works in the formal structure of the narration. Thus, the functions and actions are processed within the framework of this element. By adjusting this element in the mystic concept of the poetic works, it is revealed that the presence of mysticism and therefore the concept of “becoming” have remarkably affected the structure of the narration of the poems. The narrative structure of the poems is a layered one in which the linguistic and formal features of the narration has a dialectic relation with allegorical features. This has given a mental and internal aspect to the narration.

Structural studies of literary works, which seek to examine the inner textual elements and to discover their connections, provide the grounds for better understanding the essence of literature and by presenting the devices of creating excellent literature can help us to expand the patterns of processing a literary work. A number of structural critics have dealt with the narrative forms by studying fiction elements and their combination rules. Among them C. Bermond has put forward a scheme based upon a formative exhibition which stands upon the ways of connection among the smallest units of fiction. Kelidar is a long novel with detailed and inter-mingled text formed by numerous events and themes. For a structural study of this novel, it is essential that an overall scheme of the novel be made first. In the analysis of the novel, the characters become impotent in proportion to their participation in the chain of events and also their role in creating climaxes. The importance of a realist novel like Kelidar lies in the complete sequences, their arrangement and cause-effect relation among them. The number of the main sequences is usually related to the number of climaxes. Within the novel, every character performs their role in numerous sequences but not all of them have a focal position in building the main construction. So Kelidar is a novel of logical composition of pivotal sequences which stand in a meaningful relation with secondary and minor sequences. The number of characters is affected by such factors as subject, general atmosphere, number of main narratives, sound construction of narratives, and their purposeful interrelationship.