حجاب عرفانی

Works of world literature often emerge from common human thoughts and concerns. Needs, desires, failures, successes or anything that goes back to human nature is the main concept of literary works. Epistemological tendencies and investigations, along with other human inclinations, are considered the subject of many of these works, - especially those based on philosophy and mysticism. Attar's Speech of the Birds and Schiller's The Veiled Image of Sais are two narratives in two different cultures/languages that reflect this human need through the stages and outcomes to attaining the insightful goals. Therefore, the main goals of the present, qualitative-analytical article, in addition to the comparison of both works, include the way the content reflected in them, similarities, differences and the reasons for the in-/equality of both works. The results of this research include the following: although both mentioned poets come from different traditions and speak about different spaces, the principle and the motivation of the human search for the discovery of the absolute truth and its consequences in their stories are more or less equal. And although from the philosophical point of view the search for the secret and mystery of being has always been considered valuable and sublime, the mystics have always been in search of the truth of being (God/the true beloved) and the poets attributed to the above directions (Attar and Schiller), have reflected these efforts in their works.

Mystical veil is regarded as one of the significant subjects in first and second mystical traditions. Ibn Arabi, the seventh-century mystic, attempts to assert existence of mystical veil through verses and Hadiths. He sees the existence of universe as a result of Names and manifestation of features of God. God's Names and features turn as a veil between God and the servant. These veils cause a void in knowing and comprehending God, they are also impossible to be eliminated in terms of knowing the existence view. Because this reveals the unity nature of God and as a result, it leads to the destruction of possibilities. Meanwhile, in terms of the Path, passing the stations and states, wayfarer can unveil these covers and achieve God's intimacy. Veil elimination leads a wayfarer to unveil and gain knowledge of hidden affairs and inspirations of the heart which cause his knowledge of God. Therefore, veils related to knowing knowledge eliminated through the Path, and veils based on knowing the existence through the knowledge. Thus, veil in first mystic tradition is regarded as an imperfection and the wayfarer should consider its elimination. However, in the second mystic tradition, veil is a reality which has effects on the existence of the world order and it is considered as the perfect plenitude. Eliminating veil has no sense in this regard and it is just traverse in veils and passing from one veil to the other one. According to the importance of Ibn Arabi's categorization in different veils and their eliminations, there is a need to have a descriptive-analysis investigation on mystic veil and decipher the apparent disparities in his thought system.

The issue of veils concerned in the way to perfection, its identification, and the ways to surpass it is among the significant subjects in practical Gnosticism and gnoticists has a special view on that on their way to perfection. The issue of gnostic veils is one of the essential subjects that Abo Abdolah Nafri, a Shia gnosticist, was concerned. Koranic verses and Imams sayings include some points on this as well. Nafri, while focusing on the subjects of veil and its kinds has mentioned his especial views on it in “Almamavaghef o Almokhatebat”.
In this article attempt is made to elaborates Nafri’s views and ideas on different kinds of veils and the main ones, along with the main causes and finally the resolutions with reference to his book and other gnostic scripts. With regard to Nafari’s unique style of writing, the present study explain the position of veils on the way to perfection from this scholar viewpoint. Nafri offers different concepts and classification on this issue. Some of the veils is his creation and for some, he paid more attention. He also used current contemplation of his time for his work on veil.