جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ساخت هجایی » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

In their article in Elm-e Zaban (Volume 7, Issue 11) titled “Acoustic Analysis of Glottal Stop Occurrence before Initial Vowels in Persian Words”, Navab Safavi et al report the findings of their research on the acoustic features of the glottal stop before the word-initial vowels in the Persian language and try to answer the question whether this sound is a phoneme or not. The research is based on the recorded pronunciation of some non-words with the CVCV syllable structure and also 30 Persian words with word-initial glottal stops (or “vowels” as the authors argue). The authors suggest that the criteria for the existence of the glottal stop consonant in the word group are not verified and conclude that a full glottal stop with the characteristics of a consonant does not exist before the word-initial vowels in the Persian language. It seems that this acoustic research suffers from weaknesses in terms of assumptions, critique of previous studies, methodology, conclusion, and references. The most serious weakness is the confusion between the realms of phonology and phonetics, and the lack of distinction between the status and characteristics of the two branches of linguistics. This reply takes up a number of phonological and methodological issues which challenge the main conclusions of the authors.

In this study, the syllable structure in Central Kurdish (Sorani) language has been phonologically investigated. In this investigation, the syllable structure has been compared with the views which are based on orthography believe in CGVCC, CCVC and CCVCCC syllable structures (based on the frequency of occurrence in previous studies). This study examines the presence of a high front lax vowel /I/ in underlying representation or its epenthesis in surface representation during derivational stages. For this purpose, both internal and external linguistic evidences are employed. An audio corpus of the speakers of Mariwan and Sulaimani, along with a questionnaire for determining the native speakers’ intuition in counting the word syllables have been employed as the research data. Evidences from vowel changes in cognate and borrowed words, diachronic data, the application of phonological rules in the syllable domain, sonority sequencing principle and selection of the most sonorous element as syllable nucleus and consonants as onset and coda, along with acoustic cues for the presence of this vowel in phonetic representation explain the phonological syllable structure in Central Kurdish. Basic tenets of generative phonology like referring to two levels of representation, and the phonotactic rules on the distribution of building blocks of syllable form the theoretical framework of this study. The results show that from two opponent hypotheses regarding vowel /I/ existence in phonetic form: 1) existence in UR and faithfulness mapping to SR; 2) lacking in UR and emergence in SR as result of vowel epenthesis rule, regarding above-mentioned phonological arguments, the former is confirmed. By accepting the presence of vowel /I/ in underlying representation and the similarities between glides and other consonants as the second member of the onset, the syllable structure in Central Kurdish, like standard Persian, is CV(C)(C). In phonetic representation onset clusters of consonant-glide is the result of vowel deletion due to the shared place of articulation with the following glide.

Traditionally, Persian syllable structure is CV, CVC or CVCC. But some phonological processes like coronal plosive consonants elision from the second slot of consonant clusters, put this in question. This article aims at explaining Persian syllable structure in the framework of CVX theory. It is shown that maximal syllable size in this language is not more than CVC. The phonological process, elision is discussed to prove this claim. In this framework the different morphological status of /t/ is responsible for the different phonological behavior of this phoneme in elision. From this point of view, -t is introduced as the deep-structure of past tense morpheme in Persian verbs.

Although syllable is not a meaningful unit of language، it has major functional roles in language. One of the most important functional roles of syllable is the formation and organization of language’s phonetic system. Any language has its specific syllable construct (patterns)، and specific restrictions for the combination and use of sounds in the syllable level. In addition، various languages usually tend to keep their syllable rules; so، syllable patterns usually are not loaned by languages. Therefore، it can be said that part of differences in phonetic systems in various languages are caused by differences in their syllable structure. On the other hand، due to its main function (formation and organization of language’ phonetic system)، syllable is directly associated with the learning of language’s phonetic system. The present article deals with comparison of the common syllable patterns in Russian and Persian languages. The results show that the patterns of the Russian syllable are more diverse than that of Persian. Most important differences that are often problematic for Iranian learners are the heavy consonant cluster in the onset of Russian words and syllables، as well as the frequency of multi-syllabic words in Russian language.

Many of the linguists, have defined the syllable structure of Persian as consisting an obligatory consonant in onset, a vowel in the head position and one or two optional consonants in coda. In this respect, there isn’t the possibility of existing two adjacent vowels in two successive syllables in Persian. It’s believed by many that Persian has some ways, specially adding a consonant, for preventing the adjacency of vowels.In this article, by an empirical study on the basis of data from 50 male and female Persian native speakers (18-25), the properties of Glottal stop and the way of its appearance between two vowels are studied both in slow and continuous speech and their results are compared together.It seems that, at least in rapid and continuous speech, there is a possibility of omitting glottal stop and letting two vowels in successive syllables be adjacent. Regarding this phenomenon, the sound system of Persian and its syllable structure in continuous speech is different.

The study of personal names is a rich area for philosophical, anthropological, sociological as well as linguistic studies. In this respect while sociologists and philosophers deal with social and philosophical aspects of naming, linguists are concerned with semantic, phonological and morphological structures of names. The study of the frequency of syllable structures of boys’ and girls’ names, particularly in comparison with other words, can clarify the importance of onamastics in linguistic studies. The study investigates the frequency of syllable structures and patterns of personal names in Iran. To do so, out of a sample of 11567 names admitted in entrance university exam, 740 names in two groups each of which 350 have been investigated. The study indicates that the syllable structures of Persian, CV, CVC, CVCC, have been distributed unequally in personal names. It has been shown that girl names are usually ended in CV rather than the other two syllable structures, while boy names usually end in CVC. The study also shows that the syllable patterns used in personal names are significantly different in boys’ and girls’ names.