ساختار شکنی

 The aim of the current research is to investigate the deconstruction of the narration of women's characters in the Shahnameh and the rewritten texts narrated by Atusa Salehi. In deconstructive analysis, rewriting presents a new and fresh narrative by changing the center and centrality of the construction of the old work. In this research, it is shown how the presence of the omniscient and omniscient narrator in the rewritten stories is pale and a kind of change and deconstruction in women's narration is created through shifting the centrality and axis of the narration. The most important issue for deconstructive analysis is the use of contrasts hidden in the text; the contrast of love and affection with epic and war is one of the most prominent contrasts of this rewriting. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is the examination of library documents. The results of the research showed that Salehi presented a different narration of the women of Shahnameh and new dimensions of their personality with a creative narrative and using the contrast of epic, war and love. Where characters such as Gordafarid, Manijeh, Jarireh, Shahrnaz, etc. have a more effective and prominent presence in the narrative than in the original text, and their emotional and peaceful character prevails over their warlike and epic spirit. This new dimension and reading is suitable for the mood and personality of the teenage audience

Modernized adaptations of old works would not follow the narrative structures of the source text. Socio-historical evolutions could lead in change of the narrations. We are going to show how these kind of alterations and changes could be observed and analyzed in the frame of the theory of Deconstruction. We are also determined to show that the "Metaphysics of Presence"- one of the fundamental basis of the pre-deconstructive philosophical attitudes- could be found in the presence of dominant, omniscient narrators in old works. Adaptation writers could deconstruct the structure of the text- including the binary oppositions- by deconstructing the presence of the narrator in the source text. To show such a fact, we have opted the story of Rustam and Sohrab from Shahnameh to be comprised with one of its successful adaptations for adolescents. As a result, we will see how alteration of the addressee from adults to adolescents besides the evolution of socio-historical components can impact on the deconstruction of presence and as a result, the Epic genre will change to a Drama.

Every speech and writing is done in order to convey a message to the audience and to communicate with him, but Rumi sometimes does not express his message naturally and based on a structure based on Sufi language habits and system of thought. He shatters the foundation of the reader's expectations and imaginations by disrupting the basis of mystical definitions. The dream is also intertwined in Rumi's mind with a multifaceted attitude and every moment is manifested differently. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method based on library data examines Rumi's thought style on the issue of sleep and its fundamental difference with common mystical ideas.

The research method in this article is analytical-descriptive.

Rumi has a different orientation regarding sleep and dreaming. While paying attention to this mystical and spiritual function of sleep, he considers awakening to be the cause of transcendence. "Transcendence" is one of the most important aspects of Rumi's mystical view of the phenomenon of sleep, which ultimately leads him to "God consciousness"; In other words, Rumi achieves consciousness through the process of sleep as well as through escape from sleep, and this issue is effective in transforming the poet's existential "I" into a new and extensive "I" or "I" connected to the kingdom.

The element of awakening plays a key and important role in Rumi's thought. Contrary to the common practice among other mystics, he considers the "true awakening" of the heart to have the same value as the dream, which is the gateway to knowledge in the true seeker. Rumi has somehow resorted to innovation and deconstruction of meaning in this matter. For Rumi, the phenomenon of sleep is on the one hand an escape from virtual sleep and the neglect caused by it, and on the other hand it is the same as awakening. For Rumi, the sun is a factor that keeps him from sleeping, frightens him from sleep, and brings him closer to his "human face."

In this writing, efforts have been made to evaluate the method of application of historical pieces from the perspective of meaning and concept, and structure in balladries of Khaghani. The result of this research shows us that he, in addition to using historical pieces, like other poets, tried to treat this arrangement based on his most fundamental thinking; meaning innovation, so much so that, this approach lead to breaking the old structures in relations between elements of  myth. Reconstruction and recreation of a new narration from the same myth in his works, not only caused more expansion of meaning but also brought artistic ambiguity along with it which is easily understandable in intertwined layers of applied literal industries in his balladries.

In order to investigate and analyze a literary work, one should consider the whole work's components and phenomena in its totality to reach the destination as well as getting familiar with content and message it conveys. The fact why a literary work forms depends on this important factor that, basically, what kinds of meanings exist in the text and secondly what the relationship among different components are. We also take this issue into consideration that how readers can understand the text meaning that is, reader must be able to explain the quality of meaning comprehension of the text. However, it is clear how structuralism deals with literary texts. It analyzes the literary message based on form and structure which consists of both meaning and form and so as to access it one should begin with the analysis of voice and morpheme to end with the investigation of general structure.This kind of criticism for recognizing one valuable literary work is of much importance, so basically writers of this essay intend to investigate the laws related to structural criticism in Parvin E'tesami's poem, the great contemporary poet, to know whether the poet has had the power and capability to reach the aim of conveying the message to addressees. In present text the research procedure is library based. We deal with Parvin's odes, considering two very important issues in structural criticism, e.g. structural infringement and semiology. We want to know which special message can be understood among Parvin's odes that are apparently various and different with the same meanings. With this in mind our understandings of her poems can be more exact, besides we deeply become aware of the capability of the great poet in composing her pure poems.

Defamiliarization is one of the prominent theories of literary criticism. Every artistic efforts that helps to rub off habitude and listlessness between the addresse and the writer which develops sensational understanding, mind challenging and creativity, is defined as defamiliarization. It was introduced by V.B. Sheklovsky the Russian writer of past century, and now it is diverted in different types such as Lexical and syntactic. Saeb is one of the well-known poets of persian literature in the field of defamiliarization whom his creativity, new saying, and innovation was salient. In this essay we are going to examine the major Styles of Saeb Considering defamiliarization of word, speech, meaning, and the necessity of their usage.