ساختار معنایی

Holistic structure studies is a new approach in examining and analyzing works that have a macro-organizational structure. Texts such as Rumi"s Mathnawi al-Masnavi, which on the surface have an irregular arrangement and structure, but if you pay attention to its components with a holistic view, the meaningful relationship between its parts can be interpreted. Safavi (1386) during his studies on the structure of the Mathnawi, shows that Rumi used two methods of "parallelism" and "cross-reflection" to establish a meaningful connection between the stories and concepts presented in the Mathnawi"s six notebooks. In this research, an attempt has been made to study the fourth book of the Mathnawi from the perspective of the holistic structure with the semantic and semantic method to answer the question, what is the semantic structure and parallels used in this book?

The current research was conducted with an analytical method and a structuralist approach based on a holistic and semantic perspective.

The results of the investigation show that the fourth book has seventeen main discourses and the central core of the fourth book is also presented in the "9" discourse. Each discourse has sub-sections and sub-stories, and based on the topic of the discourses, it is the central topic of the fourth book of science, which is divided into three categories: "partial science, total science, and enlightened science".

Rumi"s emphasis is on the necessity of partial and general knowledge scholars to follow Ishraqi scholars. He described the first two groups as needing guidance and learning and considered only enlightened scholars to be omniscient by reaching divine knowledge and the light of truth.

 Sohrab Sepehari"s poetry represents the obvious and hidden aspects of his thought and personality, and his intellectual trajectory and ontology can be followed in eight books. In such a way that by following the historical course of formation and recognizing the semantic structure of each of the octagonal books of this work, it is possible to draw a picture of Sohrab"s transition and personal journey. On the other hand, the words and expressions in his poetry are the carriers of the poet"s thought, philosophy and mystical experience, and based on this characteristic, he can be considered one of the poets in the field of conceptual poetry.

METODOLOGY: 

The present research has explained the compatibility of Sohrab Sepehri"s soul journey with the semantic structure and time sequence of Hasht katab notebooks with a descriptive-analytical method and a holistic and semantic approach.

 The notebooks of Hasht ketab, with special titles given by the poet himself, contain a lot of information about the poet"s thought and worldview, and their analysis opens clear windows to the better understanding and explanation of Sepehri"s intellectual and epistemological system. As not only by examining the sequence of formation of the books, one can draw and follow the poet"s inner evolution line, but also to identify and describe the semantic center of each of these books as parts of a coherent whole, it helps to understand the semantic structure of this work and the poet"s thought system.

 In addition to having the components of a conceptual poem, Sepehri"s poem is a description of a personal journey that narrates the evolution of the poet in the form of a coherent and continuous collection. As the first book of this collection with the theme of absolute darkness and emptiness, portrays the hell of the poet"s thought, the second to fourth books, with the essence of sleep, consciousness and sad sorrow, the narrator of the purgatory of Sohrab"s thought, and the fifth, sixth and seventh books with the central meanings of insight, no thought and enlightenment. , they express the paradise of the poet"s thought, which finally reaches a redemptive end in the eighth book, and the poet is placed in the position of observation and presence.

This paper aims at investigating the procedures used by Persian translators to render the sociological concepts and terms into Persian. In this regard, it assesses the quality of these equivalents by considering the morphological aspects of the words in the source and target languages. The data of the current study were collected from 36 sociological books that had been translated into Persian. We analyzed the linguistic structure of 200 sociological terms and their Persian translations from a morphological perspective. Then, some morphological procedures used by Persian translators including compounding, derivation, coinage, backformation, borrowing, acronomy, and clipping are analyzed from a morphological perspective. The result showed that divergent equivalents have been suggested for the same term, and also different transcriptions have been proposed for the same proper name. We show that most of the Persian translators don’t have a sufficient knowledge in Persian morphology. As a result, some derivational and inflectional limitations and potentialities of Persian language have been ignored by them. The results show that only by considering Persian morphology, the translators can propose better equivalents for sociological terminologies.

There will be always a connection between artistic creativity in a poem on one hand and the meanings and concepts conceived by the poet on the other hand, created either consciously or unconsciously. Viewing versed texts from a poetics standpoint will help us discover this connection and may deepen our understanding and pleasure from the text. This treatise seeks to clarify the various dimensions of the music of poetry in the long story of Sheikh San'an, and shows the existence of a connection between musical manifestations and what the poet intends to reveal to us. At the beginning the aesthetic capabilities of the four types of music discernible in poetry (external, internal, lateral and spiritual) which can affect and change the tone of speech, are studied and taken into account. Then manifestation of each type is detected and analyzed in the story of Sheikh San’an. From this study we can arrive at the following conclusions Firstly, the connection between music of poetry and its meaning and content is much more significant than what may be expected when texts are skimmed. Secondly, there are some capabilities in those four musical element of poetry that make contribution to meaning, which are not much considered and  are not studied yet. This research has shown how changing the semantic position in different parts of Sheikh San'an's story has caused musical changes in each section and how through a  fixed meter of prosody, musical adjustments have come to the aid of meaning.

Light verb constructions (LVCs) are so pervasive in Persian that a heavy verb may act in various constructions as a light verb (LV). This makes the heavy verb lose some parts of its main meaning in such constructions and get away from its prototype meaning. However, this does not imply that no systematic relationship can be found between the heavy verb and its light counterpart. The purpose of this paper is to explore these relationships among the heavy verb, dâdӕn (to give), and the resulting LVCs. The framework adopted in this study is cognitive semantics in general and cognitive lexical semantics and force-dynamics in particular. Cognitive lexical semantics consists of various theories including prototype categorization, image schemas, conceptual metaphor and foregrounding. According to this approach, different meanings of a word form a semantic category whose semantic similarities and commonalities are greater in more central meanings than in more peripheral ones. Moreover, the relationships among these meanings may be explained in terms of conceptual metaphor, image schemas and foregrounding. LVs also form a network of related meanings that could be explained in this way. Another concept is force-dynamics which deals with interaction of entities in relation to force. Regarding the LVCs, it is assumed that the characteristics of the interactions of the forces of heavy verbs would be preserved in LVCs. These may include the source of energy, its direction and the recipient of the energy. For example, if a heavy verb denotes a self-oriented action, light uses also refer to a self-oriented event. This paper is a descriptive-analytical study. The data included LVCs using the verb dâdӕn and were collected from various library resources and previous studies. To analyze the data, first the semantic structure of the heavy verb, dâdӕn, was examined based on the Newman (1996)’s model and various aspects of this structure was identified. Then, drawing on the principles of cognitive lexical semantics, the light uses of dâdӕn and their relations to the components of the semantic structure of the heavy verb were established. Furthermore, the force-dynamics of the heavy verb dâdӕn and its traces in the light uses were examined. As a result, the ways dâdӕn could be lightened were discussed and characterized in different categories. LVCs maintain one or more semantic aspects of the heavy verb dâdӕn. The concept of “interpersonal communication” can be accounted for by the metaphoric mapping between elements of communication and the conduit metaphor. “Causality” is directly related to literal transfer of objects into the receiver’s control domain and the control aspect is associated with the concepts of “permission” or “strength” in LVCs. Moreover, control domain may be related to the concepts such as “emergence” of a phenomenon. Concerning the force-dynamic properties, light uses of dâdӕn mostly tend to keep these properties as other-oriented outward actions. At first it seems that the heavy verb, dâdӕn, has a simple structure and its main parts consist of a sender, an object, and a receiver. However, there are more to this structure such as control domain, force-dynamics, and transfer. The light uses of dâdӕn are systematically related to various aspects of the semantic structure of the heavy dâdӕn. In other words, these literal aspects are mapped onto more metaphorical concepts such as causality which is one of the most common concepts expressed by the light dâdӕn. This means that the light dâdӕn has turned into a causal verb in the process of losing the meaning of its prototype as a heavy verb. This may be directly a function of the force-dynamics of heavy dâdӕn which similar to a causative verb, expresses actions towards other entities. In other words, transfer or imposition of a state on an entity is perceived as transfer of an object to a receiver.

The language of holy Qur’an, from its dissension up to now, attracted the attention of the theologians. The language of holy Qur’an goes beyond the rhetorical and traditional level as explored in the past. To this end, the present research aims at exploring the semantic structure of some collected verses of the manuscript within a theoretical framework of conceptual blending. To do this, required data provided and collected from multiple sources in the library. Then they were analyzed descriptively. The main research question demanding answer is that: is the conceptual blending notion applicable in studying the semantic structure of holy Qur’an? The implicit answer to this question is: The given notion can be applied in studying the semantic structure of holy Qur’an. The results made in this study also indicates that the Lord encoded unlimited sciences inspired by the revelation in accordance with the human thought via the Arabic language. Thus, it was evidentially demonstrated that the theoretical framework of the research seems to be applicable to achieve the related objectives of the study. Finally, the results show that multi-dimensional aspects of space related to the given notion can be also used to conceptualize the Qur’anic verses in on one hand, as well as to disclose the meaning beyond the surface level of the verses in other hand.

Argument Structure (AS) of a Predicate is a list of its arguments. For example the Persian verb xord (ate) in «Ali sib ra xord.» Has two arguments، while the verb dād (gave) in «Ali sib rā be Zahrā dād.» has three arguments: Ali، Sib، and Zahrā. The argument structure of a verb is usually changed by affixation، so that the argument structure of a derived word is different form that of the stem. This paper intends to study the argument structure of Persian verbal derivations and the effect of affixation on the argument structure of the base. The theoretical framework of this paper is Lieber''s view (1992) which states that the argument structure of each word is a projection of the Lexical Conceptual Structure (LCS) of that word. So the Study of AS of a word and the changes made in it must be done according to the LCS and the changes made in it. This paper studies the effect of affixation on the argument structure of a word through the changes it may have on the LCS of that word. It will also illustrate that only those affixes that changes the LCS of the word will affect the AS of the base; it means the affixes which do not have any effects on the LCS of a word have no changes on its AS.