جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "فرانقش تجربی" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

According to systemic functional grammar, a text is constructed in accordance with the situational and cultural context of its production. With this assumption, this paper attempted to explore the distinct linguistic features in the texts of the websites of Persian and English-language science and technology parks that must be considered in their translation. To this end, the texts of “About Us” sections on the websites of 6 Iranian and 6 British and American science and technology parks were comparatively analyzed using the transitivity system within the framework of systemic functional grammar. The findings showed that despite the higher frequency of material processes in both groups of texts, in the Persian texts the parks appeared more in the role of Goal than Actor due to the higher frequency of passive clauses. Significant differences were also observed between the two groups of texts in the number and frequency of certain Circumstantial elements. Finally, it was proposed that in the translation of such Persian texts into English adopting the accepted norms of the international discourse of such texts would lead to better communicative results.

Evaluating political speeches and analyzing their content is very important. The aim of this research is the linguistic analysis of the text of Trump's speech from the point of view of the types of process (verb) based on the experiential metafunction framework of the systematic functional grammar instruction of Halliday and Matthiessen(2004). The present is of descriptive-analytical type. In this way, the text of Trump's speech is presented in the form of six material, mental, relational, verbal,and existential processes, classification and model of the processes. The obtained results show that out of a total of 212 observation processes material process has the highest frequency with (62.7%) of the incidents, which is completely in line with the content of Trump's speech and his harsh words. It highlights Iran's efforts to develop ballistic missiles. It also refers to the sanctions and actions it will take against Iran by using the material process. , relational (13/3%), verbal (10.3%), mental (7%), existential (7.5%) and behavioral (1%).

The present study was conducted with the aim of critically analyzing the first discourse of Trump and Rouhani on the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) Program from the perspective of Systemic Functional Grammar (Halliday, 1985).  To this end, the first speech of the two presidents on the subject of the JCPOA were selected and transcribed for analyses. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses including frequency and Mann-Whitney statistical tests were used for data analyses. Findings revealed the hidden ideologies of the two previous presidents of the United States and Iran, which were Iranophobia and Anti-Americanism respectively. Both were found to emphasize his positive self-presentation and other’s negative presentation. Both intended to put each other into blame for the chaos in the region. Rohani highlighted the national unity, the role of the Revolutionary Guard in the assistance of the oppressed people of the region, and Iran’s role in the provision of peace and calm in the region, whereas Trump referred to Iran’s Nuclear ambitions and the Revolutionary Guard’s role in the ignition of fire of unrest and chaos in the region. Moreover, results showed that Functional Grammar could be used alone to critically analyze political discourses, and also with the help of three experiential, interpersonal and textual metafunctions, this language model can analyze the speeches of both presidents.  Moreover, the ideologies behind each text could be identified and their purposes be disclosed based on the elements in each metafunction such as the use of pronouns, tenses, adverbs, processes and themes used in both texts.

Halliday in the Systemic Functional Grammar model has considered three experiential metafunctions, interpersonal and textual, for the analysis of texts. Ideational metafunction refers to our experience of both the inner and the external through language. The most principal content for ideational metafunction is transitivity that considers processes types, participants in the process and marginal additions. This study attempts to examine the processes and participants existing in some sections of the two verses “Weiss and Ramin” and “Rostam and Esfandiar”, using the metafunction capabilities. This research use the analytical-statistical method. The findings includes: 1) The above material processes, along with the verbal and behavioral processes in the story of “Rostam and Esfandiar”, Created a passionate, epic atmosphere full of action and movement, while mental, relational and existential processes have taken its dynamic character from the verses of “Weiss and Ramin” to be suitable for expressing the emotional concerns and personal sentiments of the characters of the story. 2) Active participants in the story of "Rostam and Esfandiar", and inactive participants in the story of "Weiss and Ramin" are more frequent. 3) The semantic correspondence between surface structures and deep structures of the processes in "Weiss and Ramin" is very smaller thane "Rostam and Esfandiar". This research shows how lyrical and romantic literary genre overshadows some processes. And processes, which are apparently the illustrators of the transcendental world, reflect in the deep structure of the poetchr('39')s inner world and the mentality of the characters in the story.

Prior to the emergence of new linguistics’ standpoints, the unit of language study, in general, was “sentence”, but in modern viewpoints including functional linguistics, the text is also taken into consideration. As a functional linguist, Halliday has studied the textual structure of a sentence and also has evaluated the form in association with meaning and function. This essay is theoretically based on Halliday’s “systemic functional linguistics” and the main point in this essay is the study of the author’s way of thinking and his internal world in terms of the study of sort of verb processes and also determination of their frequencies and repetitions. In line with this purpose, the body of this essay studies the verbs available in Zoya Pirzad’s short stores using a descriptive- analytical method. To do so, the researcher categorized   the text of Pirzad’s 10 short stories into 6 processes; that is, material, cognitive, communicative, behavioral, verbal and existential. Evaluating the function patterns of these processes along with their frequencies, the researcher determined the author’s attitude and way of thinking. At the end, it was concluded that material and then communicative processes are the distinctive characteristics of Zoya Pirzad’s style in short story. With respect to his frequent usage of material process, we can come to the conclusion that he has realistic viewpoint.

The purpose of this study was to study the speech of 6 to 10-year-old autistic children based on Systemic Functional Grammar. Two groups, namely experimental including seven 6-10-year-old autistic children and control group, with seven 6 to 10-year-old non-autistic children, participated in the study based on stratified random sampling. Data were collected and analyzed according to experiential metafunction. Results showed that material and existential processes had the highest and the lowest percentage respectively. Emphasis on material process is indicative of a vast cognitive difficulty in finding appropriate words. The material process accounted for the highest means in both groups, followed by relational and mental processes. The lowest mean in both groups belonged to existential process which was almost zero in experimental group. In all processes, the control group used more processes, depicting they fulfilled a higher number of functions including expressing ideas, evaluating and describing. The outcomes would be beneficial for all the psychologists, autism trainers, and linguists.

This study aims to analyze the clauses of Barzoki language from the perspective of two metafunctions (interpersonal and experimental) and the intention is to measure the semantic analysis of Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar of this kind of language, which, like many local dialects or languages, has only a spoken and conversational form. For this purpose, according to the Interpersonal meta-functional analysis, the subject, finite elements, and the type of clauses and based on the experiential metafunction, the frequency, and type of processes of Raji Barzaki are examined.  Barzoki Rayeji (Raji) is one of the endangered Iranian languages which is spoken in Barzok (a city that is 50 Km far from Kashan).  This study is descriptive-analytic. The data were obtained from the interview with a female native speaker 83-year-old and 2 male native speakers 82 and 64-year-old From Barzok city. By studying 35 clauses of the oral narrative on the subject of the flood of 60 years ago in Barzok, the results indicate that the material process with 66% (23 verbs) is the most frequent event in the experiential metafunction. The occurrence of other processes is relational process 20% (7 verbs), mental process 8% (3 verbs), behavioral process 3% (1 verb), verbal process 3% (1 verb), and existential process 0%. Interpersonal meta-functional analysis of these clauses show that among the 35 clauses, 34 clauses are declarative and 1 clause is imperative; the subject is absent in 33 clauses and only in two clause subject and speaker are the same. Also in 35 verbs of the clauses, 33 verbs have the past tense (28 verbs with simple past tense and 5 verbs with a past continuous verb) and 2 verbs with the present tense.

The literary and artistic beauty of Hafez's sonnets is obvious to everyone but these beauties become more apparent when compared to the other poets' poems and especially the ghazals that he was interested in. Such studies may partially reveal why the lovers' ghazas receive more enjoy by readings of Hafez's ghazals incomparison with the similar ghazals of others. Systemic functional linguistics, which has been shown to be effective in analyzing literary texts, can help in answering this question. In Haliday's systematic, experiential metafunction represent human experience from the outside and inside world, and in fact expresses the content of the clause that is expressed by the main verb and referred to as the process. hence, in the present study, using descriptive - analytical and statistical method, we seek to answer the question of what differences exist, and what effect these differences have, or effects on the ghazal style of the two poets, and their literary enjoyment of their poetry. The results of this research suggest that although both of these works have been written in a common genre (ghazal) and have a roughly similar background, the verbal choices differ from their language. Hafiz has paid more attention to the use of "mental and emotional" processes and "material transformation" processes, and the distinction of the style of the ghazals in comparison with Salman’s ghazals is in the emotional color and smell of his sonnets, as well as the dynamics of his ghazals.

Linguistic analysis of literary genres is one of the most interesting areas of research which can lead us to a better understanding of the verbal art.In this paper; it is aimed to implement Halliday’s Systematic Functional Linguistic Analysison lullabies to uncover different layers of meaning communicated. At first, some anonymous Farsi lullabies were collected. Then, regarding the ideational/experiential, textual and interpersonal metafunctions, they were analyzed. Considering ideational/experiential metafunction, all the processes introduced in the theory (i.e., material, mental, relational, existential, behavioral, and verbal) were present in different lullabies, though not at the same frequency. As the results indicated, material was the most occurring process, while existential was the least. Further, regarding the textual and interpersonal metafunctions, other underlying layers of meaning in lullabies were revealed.

this article is devoted to the study of compound adjectives in Persian with at least three words in their structure, one of which must be a verb in the form of present, imperative, or past. the relevant data was collected from every day conversations of Persian native speakers, radio and TV programs, weblogs, websites, and social networks. then they were studied on the basis of Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar, and the Experiential Metafunction. the results show that Material Process exists in most of those adjectives, which together with "goal" as the main participant, or some other participants and circumstantial elements form the morphological structure of the adjectives. no Relational and Behavioral processes were used in the formation of those adjectives.

The subject and object complement clauses, according to review literature on these two concepts, always are considered as dependent clauses and the verbs which are accompanied with these two clauses are introduced as main verbs. In this study, the concepts of dependent and independent complement clauses according to a semantic approach, in particular within the framework of the experiential metafunction in Systemic Functional Grammar, are redefined. With this view and based on the propositional content of the message, the clauses known as the dependent clauses actually contain the original content of the message in the sentence and the clauses known as the independent clauses define only the event structure of the verb of the sentence. The independent clauses which are responsible for representing the concept of mood can also appear in the form of an adverb, prepositional phrase and modal verbs instead of clausal format. Thus, the so-called dependent clauses, based on the propositional content of massage are the main part of the sentences and their verbs are dependent on the so-called independent clauses just because of the grammatical features. Instead, the so-called independent clauses are semantically dependent on the other clause in the sentence. In this research the yes/no question test was used to determine the main clause in compound sentences.

Teaching the “verb” is very important in learning the grammatical and semantic structure of any language. In Halliday’s functional grammar, verb is considered as “process” under the transitivity system. From the viewpoint of this system, verb has the ability to represent the experience in language; therefore, it is considered in the format of experiential metafunction. Process, event, being and not-being, feeling, and action are issues which appear in form of verb phrases. By considering the types and frequency of processes in educational texts, one can identify their approaches to the transfer of experiential concepts of the language and the diversification or non-diversification of processes and the educational outputs of these processes. The main purpose of this article was to explore the frequency of process types and investigate the embedding of those processes into educational approaches in three intermediate books titled “Let’s learn Persian”, “Modern instruction of Persian language”, and “Persian language”. Hence, the processes which appeared in the texts of these books and their types were specified in an analytical-statistical method. The results showed that in the three considered books, relational process has more frequency than the other processes. Since a wide range of sentences are made by relational process in the language, its significant frequency in elementary language teaching materials is educationally justified. However, the books considered in this paper related to the intermediate level. Furthermore, behavioral and material processes which represent most of the human’s life experiences are of average frequency in these books and for the learning and retention of these processes, the writers have resorted more to semantic variables such as partial or complete repetition, synonymy, collocation, and antonymy.

The article“A study on object Nominal Group in Persian by Functional Grammar approach”had considered the role of this group in the metafunctions in this grammar.Objectives detailed include: the parallel scale of the group with classification and analysis of metafunctions,and the influence of the presence and absence of ‘râ’on the ascertainment of place and function of this group.The theoretical framework is on the basis of An introduction to Functional Grammar by Halliday and Matthiessen (2004).We have conducted descriptive-analytical approach and data collection library method as our research methods.The corpus includes of 100 clauses/sentences from a novel by Zoya Pirzad which has been named “I turn off the lights”.The results were obtained specially object nominal group in Persian were considered in this research are aligned and in accordance with Halliday’s opinions in Functional Grammar.The absence of “r┠doesn’t have any influence on the ascertainment of place and function of object nominal group.

The main aim of this research is describing the functional structure of the medical compilation-texts and translation-texts in order to find a relationship between written and translation texts. The main question of the research considers of the difference between the processes distribution of the medical written and translation texts. Therefore, 2000 clauses of 4 medical written book and 2000 clauses of 4 medical translation books are selected and compared. Research data are analyzed according to the experiential metafunction of functional grammar and its six processes (material, relational, mental, existential, verbal, behavioural). After selecting the 4000 clauses accidentally, their processes are identified and recorded. Analyses show that in some of the time intervals there is a close relationship between the processes of compilation and translation texts; however there are evidences of the influence of the distribution of translation texts` processes on the compilation ones or vice versa.

One major feature of English scientific language is grammatical metaphor (GM) which helps promote the conciseness and preciseness of the texts. The present study aimed to investigate if Iranian writers of medical research articles (RAs) have employed the types of ideational GM appropriately and adequately. Therefore, the ideational GM types used in three information units (including Stating a specific outcome, Interpreting the outcome, and Contrasting present and previous outcome) of the Discussion Sections of two groups of randomly selected Iranian as well as British and American RAs (32 articles each), published between January 2008 to February 2009 in the journals of ISI web of science, have been compared/contrasted. The differences between the two groups’ uses of all the GMs were calculated using Independent t-tests. The results showed that although Iranian articles were shown to employ significantly (p