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research in the field of folklore and its manifestations in Persian literature has a special place among humanity, anthropology, sociology and etc. researchers. Folklore is a bridge to knowing the depth of people's beliefs at different times. Through folklore we can indirectly and with greater conviction realize the truth of the beliefs of different nations.  Every nation has to pay attention to this field of literature in order to figure out the society and analyze the ideas, actions and reactions of different layers to become aware of the literature and culture of its homeland. A case study of works in wwhich popular culture has a special color is one of the requirements of this field.

The present study has been written with a descriptive-analytical method to study the relationship between Mahmoud and Ayaz's stories and folklore and also palpable and contemplative evidences in Zolali's Mahmoud and Ayaz. In fact, we tried to take a step towards understanding the society of the Zolali's era by mentioning the examples and explaining and analyzing each of them through the lens of folklore. More explaining the search for customs and beliefs, methods and origins, occupations as well as tools and instruments used by different nations and the culture and lifestyle were studied in zolali's poem.Although research on folklore in various fields like Iranian folklore literature by Mohammad Jafar Mahjoub and folklore language and literature by Hassan Zolfaghari and even research on Mahmoud and ayaz such as “reflection of Mahmoud’s love for ayaz in persian stories” by Hassan Zolfaghari has been done in different periods, there is no research on Zolali's poem and according to the genre of Mahmoud and Ayaz, and its vacancy is felt.

In Safavid era The spread of literature among the middle and lower layer of society the change of poetic culture, simultaneous attention to popular culture and simultaneous attention to the stories of Mahmoud and Ayaz, change in lifestyle along with spread of sexual corruption in the form of homosexual relations, the court's opposition to composition of lyric poems in Safavid era, led to the emergence of new literary genres that composing Mahmoud and Ayaz and especially Zolali's Mahmoud and Ayaz is one of this change of style. Considering these cases and considering the stories of Zolali Khansari's poems, we find out that Zalali has chosen a poem system that has been common among the public. Poems such as Mahmoud and Ayaz reflect the link between those in power and the lower classes of society. Two classes that are very strangers to each other throughout the history of Persian literature and culture, except in rare cases such as the works of Anvari, Attar, Saadi and few of other writers, and the connection between them seems out of reach. Enumerating the examples of folklore is not only in the direction of describing the Mahmoud and Ayaz poem; Rather, above all, it seeks to explain that this features that have become an inescapable part of Iranian literature from now on it means after Safavid era, and perhaps in analyzing why it appeared and occurred, we have sometimes gone astray and We are looking for it in the borders of Iran. Mentioning examples of this feature indicates changes in the literature of the Safavid era and can be used to change the view of scholars of literature of this era. With such a view, one can search for one of the sources of populist and diversity literature in Iran today in such poem and find a more accurate way to analyze the roots of the emergence of such features. Such a source opens a wider point of view for the poets of this age and provide themes-making, the flight of imagination, the creation of new images and the escape from vulgarity, which are the basic principles of Safavid literature.  

Creating original artistic images, expanding the circle of artistic possibilities and creating an intimate atmosphere and instilling a sense of empathy, expanding the field of artistic choices and providing various tools and facilities for the poet to avoid repetition are among the benefits of clear attention to folklore. The most important palpable examples of popular culture in the Zolali's poem are reference to common occupations among people, such as tailoring and its tools and accessories such as ironing, hem, spindle, tube, coil and medicine and different method of traditional treatment and the details of public places such as bathes and its various parts. Zolali's innovation in this poem is that he has been able to describe and explain a romantic experience by relying on various folk elements. A description that uses interpersonal relationships, attention to jobs, environment and other manifestations of folklore in addition to being innovative is very truthful and realistic. Places, occupations and their belongings that do not have much expression in the literature before the Safavid era in this era depict a different and colorful world in front of the audience and create a familiar atmosphere for him and through this it increases the audience of Persian poetry and literature.  Also in the field of spiritual examples, the use of common vernacular words such as "bottom, trick" for the first time, the use of vulgar words, proverb and idioms, satire and multiplicity of common terms among the people, allusions, also references to funeral customs, wine drinking, method of educations and games superstitions Such as the evil of the crow, the land on the head of cattle and fish, the rot of flax by the moon, etc. more than other examples folklore has been considered by Zolali Khansari. Mentioning the spiritual manifestations of folklore is important because it is possible to understand the darkness of human thought, the philosophical and historical background of human issues and thoughts in historical moments through Zolali's references to these manifestations.

Although the challenging topic of predestination (qażā va qadar) has always been discussed in Persian literature, some poets in the Safavid era paid a particular attention to the topic, composing eponymous masnavis, and this trend continued until Qajar. Most of these poems are manuscripts. The present study introduces a number of predestination poem and their poets and from the point of view of analyzing the aspects of fiction, these poems are criticized. The results of this study Indicates that the Predestination poems (qażā va qadar), despite minor differences, have common features that provide the structural unity of these works in terms of story processing. Common narrative components of these texts are: simplicity of language, the existence of a dominant pattern in the plots well as in characterization and the repetition of stereotyped, conventional, and static characters; being based all poems  on a key and important theme; Create Heterogeneous and accidentally Events and Weakness of verisimilitude; Unexpected ending and the tragic end and The dominance of incidentalization over characterization. According to this research, these poems may be introduced as a new type of literature. The result of this study can clarify part of the evolution of Persian literature and of the knowledge of literary trends

The poems of fortuity are a collection of works written in the Safavid-Qajar period based on the algebraic thinking in the form of a story. Most of these poems are in the form of manuscript and they are more than 20. In this article, four prints and 11 manuscripts of these poems have been studied considering the elements of popular culture and literature. Although the poems of fortuity are written in the form of formal literature with a focus on the theological and philosophical themes, their linguistic and content characteristics prove that the main source of inspiration for these texts is the folk cultures and literature. The superficial approach to the fortuity that challenges the subject, being free  of the  complex philosophical reasoning and  the promotion of fatalism thinking in these poems,  the manifestation of popular culture and literature such as simple language and expression, the slang tone of these works, realization of superstition such as the belief in fortune, describing some popular traditions, reflecting some popular behavior, and describing personalities and places in the  popular life are some indications of fortuity poem  being  influenced by folk  literature. In terms of story structure, fortuity is also perfectly consistent with the structure of folk tales. Weaknesses in plot and verisimilitude, centrality of the events, static and dynamic characters, vague time and place and the omniscient narrative are some features that link these poems to the folk literature