جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « منیرو روانی پور » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

One of the parades of the ecole of realism is "climatic story". Moniro Ravanipour is one of the authors of contemporary fiction literature in the south of the country. Through familiarity with folk tales, legends, popular culture, archetypes, etc., she has depicted many native elements and components and beliefs of the people of the south, and the components of native realism and climate literature form the content of his stories. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the myth and the components of native realism and climate literature in the narrative works of Ravanipour.

This research was done in a descriptive-analytical way based on library studies to analyze the myth and the components of native realism and climate literature in the narrative works of Ravanipour.

In this research, some of the narrative works of Ravanipour, in which the beds, mythological elements and native realism components in them, have more objectivity and have enriched the imaginative aspect of her stories, have been analyzed. In the works of the target author, the most important function of myth is identity building. Analyzing the componens of native realism is a suitable foundation for preventing the erasure of native and ethnic culture and helping to rediscover the identity and culture of Iran, and has established the theory of this research and opens a new window to contemporary literature.

The result of the research shows that in the narrative works of Ravanipour, the space of climate literature, which is one of the characteristics of the ecole of native realism; has been seen and in terms of content of native and local elements, women's pains in personal and social life, characterisation, creating space and with color and native smell is depicted. By defending the social and national identity, the author engages in mythmaking, and by mixing legends and mythical creatures, the ancient beliefs of the predecessors, customs and traditions, seasoned with myth, have been able to play a role in the creation of stories based on native realism in contemporary Iranian literature.

Among the contemporary story writers, Moniro Ravanipour has talked about nature and the direct and indirect relationship of its elements with human life, especially the female sex. Therefore, nature is considered one of the foundations of this author's stories. On the other hand, many feminist movements in the contemporary era emphasize the destructive role of men in the ecosystem. Referring to the historical oppression of men against women, these feminist movements emphasize that gender discrimination has not only harmed the interests of women, but has also threatened nature with complete destruction. In the present research, citing library sources, the method of qualitative data analysis and the method of inductive reasoning of the collection of stories of the devil's stones by Moniro Ravanipour are analyzed with the framework of the theory of eco-feminism in mind. Finally, the role of women in arranging the nature and the relationship with its manifestations should be revealed, and also, the destructive function of men in this field should be discussed. In this research, among the approaches of this theory, the basics of cultural/symbolic interaction have been mentioned, which states that women and nature are conceptually, symbolically and culturally related. The results of the research show that the female characters in the novel The Devil's Stones share the characteristics of fertility, childbirth and nutrition with nature. Also, the symbolic view of these elements can be seen in the lower layers of Moniro Ravanipour’s thoughts. In addition, things such as the vividness of the elements of nature from the perspective of women, the tendency of women to magic, the representation and creation of dualities of man/nature as well as woman/man, women's special interpretations and readings of environmental changes, the effects of distance The taking of man from nature has been reflected in the collection of Satan's Stones, which in all cases is consistent with the principles of eco-feminism.

Myths are usually a different form of human belief and thought system, which instead of being worn out over many years, are always being renewed and transformed. In this transformation, the symbolic and mythological essence of every object and concept is preserved alongside its old function; But according to today"s life and the different understanding and acceptance of each nation, culture and era, a new dress can be seen on the status of mythological concepts. Writers of fictional works, especially contemporary novels, have tried to strengthen this literary genre by using rich ancient culture and mythological components. The connection of today"s modern world with pristine ancient concepts, especially mythology, guarantees the originality of the work even more. This link and influence from the unlimited world of mythology sometimes appears consciously and sometimes unconsciously in literary works. In this research, the symbols, archetypes and local myths in the novel "Ahl Ghareq" by Muniro Ravipour have been investigated and analyzed.

This research is a report of a fundamental, theoretical and documentary research with a descriptive-analytical method. Also, data collection has been done through library activity.

In the field of using symbols, archetypes and myths in the novel Ahl Ghareq, Rowanipour has a symbolic language and by using these three components, he has been able to display the concerns and problems of his target society. In this novel, the existence of archetypes and myths is derived from natural elements, local mythical creatures and characters such as Boslem, and mermaids. The most important theme of this novel is the display of native beliefs and beliefs of the people of the southern region. In this novel, fantasy and reality are mixed together.

The results of the research show that in "Drowning People" Ravipour has used myth-breaking and using symbols, and in this way, the author of the work has paid attention to the importance of the role of mythology in representing the life and history of Iranian society. has placed

The structural analysis of literary works plays a pivotal role in understanding the intrinsic elements of a text and discerning the patterns of their interconnections. This approach not only contributes to a more nuanced understanding of literary characters but also aids in the evolution of literary patterns by offering insights for the creation of new works. Critics in the realm of structuralism have scrutinized narrative forms and delved into the study of story elements and their compositional principles. Noteworthy among these literary theorists is Tzutan Tudorov (1939), who has proposed a scheme based on the relationships between the smallest units, introducing systems grounded in the visualization of narrative figurines.This descriptive-analytic study aims to identify the characteristics of contemporary Persian fictional novels, employing the methods of description and analysis. The focus is on the social novel "Gypsy by the Fire" by Moniro Ravanipour (1333 AD), utilizing Tzutan Tudorov's theoretical framework. The investigation is structured around four key components: narief, proposition, episode, and narrative aspects.The research findings indicate that the presence of chain edifices within the narrative establishes a coherent and integrated relationship between the text and the story's structure. The essential and desirable aspects identified in this study form the foundation of the narrative configuration, emphasizing the certainty of relationships among the characters. The predictive aspect emerges as a significant influence on the story's formation, with predictions aligning consistently with the logic of truth and frequently materializing as anticipated.In conclusion, the structural analysis of "Gypsy by the Fire" through Tzutan Tudorov's framework reveals the intricate connections between narrative elements, showcasing the importance of chain edifices in constructing a cohesive story. The study highlights the essential and desirable aspects as foundational to narrative configuration, solidifying relationships among characters. The predictive aspect emerges as a powerful force shaping the narrative, consistently aligning with truth and contributing to the story's coherence and impact.

During the second half of the 20th century, looking to the language as the basic raw material of the literature, leads to overlapping some of the achievements of Discourse Analysis and Sociocriticism. In fact, getting an internal approach to the literary text in order to degage its sociality, and focusing on the discourse in the context of social involved situation, these are the common bases of the two analytic methods. Therefore, Pierre V. Zima introduces his approach as the “sociology of the text” and believes that the social questions could appear through the languages, sociolects and discourses, as well as the lexicon, semantics and syntax could have a social function. In the present article, we aim to analyze the social function of the semantics and the syntax inside the novel Ace Heart by Moniru Ravanipur to find out the interdiscursive relation between the text and the surrounding society.

Norm avoidance is one of the topics that is discussed in the field of linguistics, and one of the ways to create a literary work is to use norm avoidance techniques. Leach, one of the prominent figures of English formalism, considers one of the types of norm avoidance to be dialectic. In his opinion, whenever a poet or writer uses words from a specific regional dialect that are not in the standard language, in his work, he uses dialectical norm avoidance. With the help of this technique, he tries to convey to the audience a relative knowledge of the local environment and the climatic and cultural characteristics of a region. Moniro Ravani pour introduced the Bushehri dialect in her works. She has been very successful in this way due to her life experience. In this research, using an analytical-descriptive approach and based on Leach's theory of dialectal deviation in eight works of her and their frequency was determined. The obtained results show that the use of dialect words in the works of Ravipour varies depending on the environment. The stories narrated in the rural environment of the south have a higher dialectal frequency than the stories in the urban.

Research shows that the study of literary texts about an illness, especially from a phenomenological perspective, can contribute to a better understanding of the patient and the illness and lead to knowledge of the world and the human way of thinking. Obviously, this approach increases the appeal and interest of the audience in the study of literary works and opens up new horizons for them. On the other hand, among human emotions, the expression of love and behavior related to romantic feelings is more frequent in literary works, especially in the works of female writers, and erotomania, or romantic psychosis, is one of the delusional disorders reflected in these works. This descriptive-analytical study examines how the symptoms of erotomania are described in two short stories, named “Rana” from Nazli story collection written by Moniro Ravanipour and “Bad az Tabestan” from Chahar Rah story collection by Ghazaleh Alizadeh, according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. The results indicate that the fictional characters in the works studied show symptoms that meet the clinical diagnostic criteria of the disorder in question. In these stories, in addition to the description of clinical symptoms, the authors have also considered sexual, social, economic, and cultural factors. This shows the ability of the writers to create realism and credibility in the plot of the story, which makes the reader better connect with the text and get influenced by it. Moreover, the description of the feelings and beliefs of these characters and their effects on their lives and personal and social relationships can help readers to better understand the way of thinking and the life experience of those people and create communication that comes from understanding a psychotic person in the real world.

Karen Horney (1885-1952) is among psychoanalysts who have emphasized on social interactions as effective elements in the making of one's personality and has called on psychoanalysts to scrutinize the social backgrounds in which the individual has grown up. Similarly, we have analyzed and studied "Afsaneh" the main character in the novel "Heart of steel" based on Karen's views. Our descriptive analytical method has aimed to find out which neurociticism has Afsaneh been using to counter her basic anxiety. The study has found that The key to understanding and recognizing the anxiety of the Afsaneh is to understand the patriarchal system in which she is forced to live. In the proper context provided by the patriarchal system, the violent father and the gambling wife of the legend consider themselves justified in humiliating and harassing him, which causes fundamental anxiety in his character. Afsaneh's anxiety increases after immigrating to Tehran and after proving his worth to his father. Therefore, to deal with it, she uses the neurotic tendency of moving against people, but this mechanism is in conflict with the tendencies of moving toward people and moving away from people and causes the formation of a basic conflict in her personality.

”Feminist stylistics" is one of the sociocultural approaches to stylistics that "Sara Mills", a stylist and researcher in this field, proposes a model in this field and this method is the best way to study and analyze the issue of feminism and its effectiveness in literary texts. Knows the use of their linguistic dimensions and aspects. In the following article, using this model, these questions will be answered, what is feminine Writing and what are the components of feminine Writing and how it is manifested in the novel in question. According to Mills, women writers use various linguistic components in the structure and content of their works under the influence of their feminine characteristics, emotions and gender views, and therefore three levels of words, sentences and discourse should be analyzed in their works. Therefore, with this view and using the desired model, the novel "Ahl Gharq" by Moniro Ravanipour was selected and studied.

This research was conducted in the field of practical stylistics with descriptive-analytical method and analysis based on the components of the model of Sara Mills and experts in this field.

Findings of the research with the expression of the characteristics of high-frequency feminism in the novel are: at the level of vocabulary, the use of words belonging to the field of women, the use of color words, the multiplicity of female characters; At the level of sentences, frequent use of news, descriptive, short sentences, use of question sentences in the form of Soliloquy , the use of a three-point metalanguage sign; At the discourse level, the third-person perspective, the narrative text and the author's narrator, one of the main characters of the woman, the polite tone using the native dialect of the place of the story, the theme using feminist ideas, the time of contemporary events in the second side, the place Occurrence of Jafreh settlement story in southern Iran and its surroundings.

The novel discussed in this study has followed the model of Sara Mills and most of the components of feminism were found in its text.

Stories with settings of the sea, the port, and the island are considered maritime literature.The sea is one of the outstanding concepts in Persian and Syrian literature.In the current study,Moniro Ravanipour from Iran and Hanna Mina fromSyria represent maritime literature in modern fiction writing.It is worth mentioning that novels in the maritime literature domain often seek to bring about change,and,as a result of the deep and unknown nature of the sea,call for radical change and emphasize the socio-political struggles of the people.In these novels,sailors or fishermen and the people of port cities and villages symbolize the masses.This study aims to introduce, analyze,and elaborate on these two novels written in the field of maritime literature:the novelAhl-e Ghargh(The Drowned)by Moniro Ravanipour and the novelAl-Shera va Al-Asifa(The Sail and the Storm).Ahl-e Ghargh refers to the people’s social changes in Jofreh village in Bushehr,Iran and illustrates their transition from rural simplicity and traditional beliefs to a modern and industrial society,considering the notion of tradition and modernism as contradictory.Moreover,the novelAl-Shera vaAl-Asifa by Hanna Mina is concerned about the evolution of theSyrian society from ignorance and submission to a warrior and well-informed society.Employing the a descriptive-analytical methodology.this research explores the impact of space on characters, the element of myth-making(mythopoeia),and the representation of rituals and customs in these two novels.Observing different elements of the story with an eye to the settings,this research finds the search for profound and fundamental change and the relationship of setting and all elements of the story as prominent characteristics of maritime novels.

Ecological critique is the study of the relationship between literature and the natural world, the origins of which are the emergence of new ideas in anthropology and environmental issues that humanist discourses play an important role in their emergence. In the story of Moniru Ravanipour’s Ahle Ghargh, the relationships of the characters such as Kheyjo, Zayer Ahmad Hakim, Mah Jamal, Madine, and Mobor men with the environment are examined in this article to show how power relations at different levels of this story are effective based on Foucault's ideas. In this story, Kheyjo, Mah Jamal, Madine, and Zayer Ahmad Hakim have a close relationship with nature as well as a transcendental view of the earth that challenges the dominant discourse of the age, philosophical humanism; the humanism in which more attention is paid to human thought and looks at man and nature through the eyes of an element or object. This is why Foucault in the age of modernity sees the presence of man in the scene of the illustration of thought and consciousness, and argues that empirical combinations should be applied in a place other than the absolute rule of "I think". In this article, considering the importance and impact of discourses in the production of the literary text, the aim was to examine the story in question with a descriptive-analytical method of the human relationship with the environment and the impact of different discourses that play an effective role in exercising power to inform man about his behavior with the environment and to reveal his relationship with nature.

One of the main axioms of eccentric criticism is the examination of the interrelationship between humans and the environment. This type of criticism seeks to understand how human attitudes to nature and how environmental issues are reflected in literary works and to analyze the impact that human beings have on nature and the physical and psychological properties of humans in literary works. In Moniro Ravanipour's Ahl-e-Ghargh, nature is not only regarded as the scene of events but as the main context of the story itself, the agent of events and the advancing events, directly affecting the characters and interacting with humans and their decisions. In this story, the characters sometimes find themselves exposed to the power of the sea as part of submissive wildlife, and sometimes it is nature that inevitably interferes with man and his power. In this story, the characters are sometimes frightened and wandering against nature, sometimes mingling with nature and resting in its lap.

Realism means realism, its purpose is to show the real, objective and, to narrate and analyze phenomena, with a cause-andeffect view through the precise re-creation of the details of life in a specific sense to refer to the nineteenth-century French literary movement. It implies and in the general sense refers to a literary style that continues to this day and is separable into different tendencies. One of the aesthetic manifestations of this school is the "climatic story", which often has a realistic aspect and proves that the main raw materials and the main foundation in the construction and texture of a literary work go back to the climatic origin of the author. "Ravanipour" is one of those writers whose novels encounter a high frequency of realist components. As one of the influential figures in the development of climatic literature, he has presented most of his works, especially the novel "Ahl-e Ghargh", in a completely indigenous geography under the school of realism with a magic trick. This research aims to use a descriptive-analytical approach to explore and analyze how the components of indigenous realism in the southern climate are reflected in the novel in two areas of structure and content. Findings show that realistic narrative relies on realistic principles, combining fictional imagination with the objective realities of society and the use of magical, mythical and symbolic elements, in a pleasant combination of indigenous realism and manifestation. The tricks of magical realism have led to the novel "Ahl-e Ghargh" and has placed Ravanipour among the climatic realists.

 In the field of contemporary Arabic and Persian literature, Afaf al-Batayneh and Moniro Ravanipour are two well-known figures who have sought to identify women by creating various works of fiction. They grew up in societies where there has always been an unfavorable view of women. Hence, they are deeply acquainted with the concerns and desires of women. Based on this, the main issue of the present study is to study and analyze the views of these two authors in relation to the role and position of women in Arab and Iranian societies. For this purpose, the novel Out of the Body by Al-Batayneh and the novel Gypsy by the Fire by Ravanipour are considered as examples. In this research, the author seeks to answer the following questions: a) What are the commonalities and differences between the feminist views of Al-Batayneh and Ravanipour in the mentioned novels? B) What are the characteristics of literary commitment and selfishness in the mentioned novels? C) What are the most important women's issues raised in these novels? D) What role has the patriarchal society described in these novels and related discourse played in the isolation and oppression of women?

In the present study, a descriptive-analytical method and a comparative approach (American school) have been used to analyze the two novels Extraterrestrial from Al-Bataineh and Gypsy by Fire from Ravanipour. Also, the method of analysis is inductive (part to whole). The author's premise for choosing these novels has been the relative similarities of the cultural and social context of Arab societies with Iranian society and the closeness of the position of women in these societies. Components of the feminist movement have been used to reread and explore the views of the two authors

3-1. Complete subjugation of women against men In the novel, the author first depicts the prevailing atmosphere in Arab societies and the precarious position of Semen, and then refers to the living conditions of Sarah (formerly Semen) in Scotland in order to compare the worthlessness of women in the Eastern social structure. To emphasize. In other words, by creating a character with two identities, the author introduces the anti-feminist concept of feminine passivity as opposed to the feminist concept of women's freedom and authority in order to present a counter-ideal of the Arab city and the Western utopia. In the first part of the novel, Mani never has the authority and opportunity to make decisions and is treated like a helpless human being. While he was a teenager and attached to Sadegh, he faced his father's opposition and was forced to separate from his beloved. Avoidance of Sadegh and forced marriage with the forbidden is the main manifestation of the subjugation and passivity of semen (at the primary level) and the women of the Arab society (at the macro level). This level of obedience has made the semen of a girl helpless and weak.In the gypsy novel by the fire, the mirror and other women, as the character of Man, are initially shaky and devoid of intellectual and personality independence. The mirror always obeys the wishes of the father and accepts that he is a tool to earn money. The mirror has grown up in a culture where deviating from masculine norms has unpleasant consequences. He faces punishment and rejection on the few occasions he deviates from the norm. When the story of Ayneh sleeping with a man named Mans is finalized for the men of the caravan, they torture and harass the girl to escape this stigma. This behavior is a public example of violence against women and clearly reveals the patriarchal cultural context of Iranian society. The men of the family flog him for five days in a row, and if Bakht is his friend and he survives, he will be rejected by the cultural group.3-2. Traditional marriage in Eastern societiesIn the novel Out of the Body, the sign of this behavior has been seen many times. Mani, as the main character of the novel, expresses interest in Sadegh, but the male-dominated, non-pluralistic atmosphere does not accept it and strongly opposes this legitimate demand. Abam Mansour's dogmatic view and fanatical reaction to the girl's independence-seeking behavior indicate the unpreparedness of the cultural structure of Arab society to delegate female roles to themselves. In the eyes of Arab men, the daughter is an alternative to the mother and they should behave like her. That is, he must always be submissive and obedient.On this basis, Semen is imprisoned and oppressed for a while and then, he is forced to marry a deprived person. Although the girl has no interest in the forbidden, but she is not able to object on an objective and external level and expresses her glories along with tears and lamentations internally and in the form of the hadith of the soul.In The Gypsy by the Fire, a seventeen-year-old woman who has lost her husband to a snakebite and is widowed is not allowed to marry a boy her own age. Interestingly, this view is not limited to men, and the hegemony of patriarchal power has affected women's perceptions to such an extent that they, too, take such beliefs as principles and follow them. This passive behavior indicates the lack of intellectual development of women who have been dominated by men for centuries. The negative reaction of the mother to the son's request to marry a widow shows that women have not reached the level of intellectual maturity to be able to free themselves from the domination of men. By blindly following the line of thought institutionalized by patriarchal hegemony, they sometimes confront each other and behave like men. By raising this issue, Ravanipour indirectly seeks to raise the intellectual level of its audience, especially women. He looks beyond the variable level of gender and, by involving women in the emergence of current unfavorable conditions, invites homosexuals to make cognitive changes in themselves. In other words, from the author's point of view, self-defeating and passive women have an equal share of men in the current unfavorable situation.3-3. Feeling broken by being feminine in Eastern societiesIn the novel Out of the Body, Mani is a traditional girl caught up in the old and erroneous beliefs of society. She blames herself for being a girl. This thinking is born of the patriarchal society's misbehavior with women. Under the influence of this view, women have become so stagnant that they see the problem in their gender. Perhaps because they are unable to change the situation and analyze the causes of these injustices, they summarize the problem of being a woman.In the gypsy novel by the fire, unlike the novel Out of the Body, the gender breakdown of women is indirectly expressed. In other words, the author (narrator), by creating scenes and illustration techniques, leads the audience to believe that Eastern women feel dissatisfied with being created with this gender. The narrator's descriptions of the quality of the family father's dealings with the mirror confirm the humiliation caused by being a woman in society. The instrumental view of women imposed by male hegemony is Ravanipour's main concern in this novel. What is reflected in the depth of these scenes is the expression of the failures that women experience. Although in the initial layers of these depictions there is a kind of humiliation and failure of being feminine, but in the deeper layers, Ravanipour's ultimate goal is to generate motivation to change this system of thought and behavior. In one part of the novel, the mirror father, after noticing the girl's relationship with a stranger, brings her to the field for punishment. Interestingly, the punishment of a family and, to a lesser extent, personal issue is done as a group. A tribal system based on patriarchal rules has given them the role and right to decide the fate of a girl and to treat her as they see fit.3-4. Suppression of love and affection in Eastern societies for fear of wrong judgmentsIn the novel Out of the Body, a confrontation is seen between these two schools of thought. When Mani lives in the village, she falls in love with a boy named Sadegh, but by revealing this secret, the girl is imprisoned by her father and the bond breaks. Previously, semen in private was always afraid of exposing her relationship; Because the society has taken permission from him to do this and has imposed a severe punishment for committing it. In the novel, when a girl is humiliated for loving Sadegh, she is completely helpless. Even the mother has no power to intervene in the face of the father's firmness and is the only observer.In the novel Gypsy by the Fire, Ayneh meets a male writer who has come to Bushehr to spend the Nowruz holiday. The mirror falls in love with a stranger and offers himself to gain the trust of the beloved and to gain him, but some time later, when he returns to the inn, he no longer finds the name and address of this person. The first big crisis in his life comes with a love failure.3-5.Presenting a violent and negative image of a manIn the novel Out of the Body, the author describes men who are bullying, violent and tyrannical and have no favorable idea of ​​the female sex. Male violence in this novel is applied in two ways: soft hegemony and violent hegemony. Each type of hegemony has its own components. In the novel, with the exception of Salem (Uncle Mani), all the men seen in Arab societies are tyrannical and use the principles of coercive hegemony to oppress women. Abu Mansour (Mani's father) is the most important person who changed the course of his daughter's life with violent behavior and led her to ruin. Mahroos (the first wife of Mina) is also an alternative to Abu Mansour.In the novel The Gypsy by the Fire, after the mirror is driven out of the caravan, he seeks refuge. A person named Shukri introduces himself as the friend of the mirror father, and when he notices that the girl is confused, he tries to trap her. Shukri ruthlessly prepares the mirror for sexual exploitation and, without informing the girl, hides others in a room to rape her. Ravanipour indirectly calls these people hyenas and makes their laughter a brutal act before tearing up prey.3-6.Equality Al-Batayneh, in his novel Outside the Body, constantly talks about these violated rights. He has divided semen life into good and bad. In the first half, she faces all kinds of social injustices, but in the second half, she becomes a progressive and intellectual woman. The author indirectly asserts the superiority of Western culture over Arab culture and states that women in Western societies are growing and flourishing due to the principle of equality in male-female relations. While in the Arab countries, this situation remains taboo and there is no will in men and women to break the gender stereotypes.In the novel Gypsy by the Fire, the author does not pay much attention to this principle. Ravanipour talks more about the suffering of society for women than about the spirit of female egalitarianism. In Ravanipour's system of thought, men have not necessarily reproduced a patriarchal culture, and most women have helped men achieve this goal. Therefore, when we encounter a group of women who not only do not make an effort to eliminate this human crisis, but also play an effective role in learning about it, talking about equality seems absurd and ridiculous. The women in this novel do not seek much for their violated rights. In other words, they make no systematic and coherent effort to make women aware of their rights, and only the mirror character is placed in the process of individualization, which, of course, has been less influential in the emergence of this desirable situation. In other words, the mirror, by going through a series of events, happens to be on the path to prosperity and excellence, and we do not see a planned and purposeful effort by him. In this novel, the mirror, after meeting the painter Hannibal, is like a woman who has left the traditional shell in search of her identity. Therefore, all these favorable changes are due to Hannibal. The confrontation between the mirror and Hannibal symbolically represents the confrontation between tradition and modernity.

The main characters of the extracorporeal and gypsy novels by the fire are women. As the desired character of chastity, Mani has experienced two completely different moments in his life. In the first half of her life, she is a passive woman, surrendering to adherent traditions. He has no right to choose and must act under the influence of the wishes of his father and members of his cultural group. Unsuccessful intermittent marriages and the domination of violent male hegemony are the most important components of Jordanian patriarchal society, which are in conflict with feminist and feminist views. In the second half of my life, he goes to London and gets acquainted with the manifestations of the West. She sees that in the new environment, women's rights are highly respected and women have the same human rights as men. Mani is so influenced by Western culture that he completely denies his background and repeatedly acquits himself of the anti-ideal of the Arab city. Mani changes her face and name in order to destroy her connections with her Aqaba and become another character with a new appearance and esoteric. This behavior of Mani or Sarah is a concealment of the former identity and the reproduction of a new identity. In Ravanipour's novel, she is a mirror woman who is excluded from her cultural group due to her relationship with the man she is interested in, and spends most of her life away from her father and those around her. She marries other men several times, but they abandon her after abusing this helpless girl. However, the mirror has never given up and has not stopped trying to disrupt the situation. During his trip to Tehran, he sets foot in a new and at the same time different environment and experiences events that lead to the flourishing of his character. Ayneh tries to save herself from critical situations, but Mani does not just make changes in herself and by attending various conferences, she tries to free women from male tyranny. Thus, the components of dynamism and attainment of individuality seem more pronounced in the semen than in the mirror. Another issue is my extreme attachment to Western culture. Due to her departure from the patriarchal and monolithic atmosphere in Jordan and her experience of an environment in which women are respected and have human rights, she is generally undergoing a cultural transformation and, with her past rejection, is dedicated to a fledgling feminist-based culture. Turns. While the mirror has never denied the rituals and cultural structure of its society. Although the mirror is rejected by its cultural group, it never turns its back on it.to rescue this strain And. In this research, using the feminist foundations and the descriptive-analytic method, similar and dissimilar views of the two authors in the aforementioned novels are explained and explained. The results of the study show that the two authors address issues such as: complete subjugation of women to men; traditional marriage in Eastern societies; Men, egalitarians, have criticized society's false beliefs. The main difference between the two authors' viewpoints is the self-sacrifice, the cultural transformation, and the extreme fascination of the "semen" in the novel Al-Jasad and the modest behavior of the "mirror" in the Gypsy novel beside the fire.

Situational stories often reflect common features and elements such as the language, culture, beliefs, and customs of a geographical zone. The 50s and 60s are the period of the flourishing of Situational literature and the emergence of numerous writers whose writings have a local flavor and rely on the literature of rural areas. The novel "Ahl-e Gharq" by Moniro Ravanipour can be considered among the works of rural situational literature. The author narrates the story due to his deep acquaintance with the culture of the inhabitants of the Persian Gulf coasts and using the native and local elements of the southern lands. In this research, the analytical-descriptive method of the situational literature indicators of the novel is used in "Ahl-eGharq". Like, the geographical location, language and dialect, clothing, customs, beliefs, views and local songs are examined. The results, in addition to showing the author's deep mastery of the indigenous aspects of this region; It reveals the hidden layers of the spirits, natures and beliefs of the people of the South, summed up in resistance, bravery and anti-colonialism, from the narrator’s viewpoint.

Every writer in his real life encounters people whose minds are drawn to the creation of his story characters; the author subverts the intelligence he encounters with various personalities and builds the characters of his story; this foreshadows the formation The characters in a story are called a prototype. The present study intends to determine the prototypes of the story "Zani ke Mardash ra Gom kard " by "Sadegh Hedayat" and the novel "Kuli Kenare Atash " by " ". Therefore, the structure of the main and sub-characters of each work and its prototypes are determined first, then the existing prototypes are compared. The result of the research shows that Monirou Rani poor in the creation of the characters of the novel "Kuli Kenare Atash " paid attention to the characters in the story "Zani ke Mardash ra Gom kard ". Both authors have also used "class prototypes", except that the two authors have considered different social groups; the social, political, economic, and psychological characteristics of the characters of both classes are
found in one or more characters in the story.