گریماس

Adaptation of Narrative Structure of the Novel The lone Pomegranate Tree with Greimas Narratology Theory A narrative consists of a sequential series of events, and a crucial condition of this sequence is the interconnectedness of these events. Narration begins with the history of humanity, and its antiquity is as old as mankind's discovery of literary innovations. The examination of narration has been a subject of interest itself since ancient times and traces back to Aristotle's studies. One of the schools that delved into narratology in contemporary times is the Structuralist School, which aims to uncover the language of narration and the structure behind it. The first person to propose a structural analysis pattern for stories was Vladimir Propp. Following him, another structuralist named Greimas delved into the study of narration. Using his theory, it's possible to comprehensively examine the structure of a narrative. This article aims to adapt a descriptive-analytical method to compare the narrative structure of the lone pomegranate tree novel with Greimas narratology theory. Greimas, seeks a generalizable overarching structure in all narratives, considering them all to be subject to a common structure despite their differences. In his analysis of narrative and stories, he focuses on the general narrative structure, narrative elements, propositions, and narrative chains. According to Greimas, all narratives have one of the following two structures:1. Contract-Violation-Punishment2. Absence of Contract-Existence of ContractThe lone pomegranate tree novel follows the first model structure. The main character in this novel is Javad, His father owns a funeral home (where dead bodies get washed to become ready for burial), and the occupation of washing the deceased is an inherited profession in their family. The father expects Javad to continue his occupation. This familial arrangement aligns with the contract of Greimas theory. However, Javad possesses a passion for art and shows no inclination towards the funeral home business. This contravenes the established familial agreement, coinciding with a violation as outlined in Greimas theory. His father opposes his decision, resulting in a consequence that matches the concept of punishment in Greimas theory.On the other hand, the six narrative elements that Greimas believes exist in all narratives can also be found in this novel. These six elements are as follows:1. Character: In the discussed novel, the protagonist is Javad.2. Goal: Javad's goal is to pursue studies in art field.3. Receiver: The one who benefits from the actions of the story's character, in this case, is Javad himself.4. Sender: Someone or something that propels the protagonist toward their goal, which in this novel is Javad's passion and feelings towards art.5. Helper: Someone who assists the protagonist in achieving their goal, which in this novel includes Javad's brother Amir, his mentor Raed, and his uncle.6. Opponent: The force that opposes the protagonist's goal, in this case, would be Javad's father and political and social conditions in Iraq.According to Greimas theory, every narrative is composed of three propositions:1. Descriptive Proposition: It portrays the characteristics and situations of the protagonist. In this novel, Javad is depicted as an art enthusiast who opposes his father's profession, and he suffers from nightly nightmares. All these attributes find their place in the descriptive proposition.2. Cognitive Proposition: The desires and beliefs of the protagonist are included in this proposition. For example, Javad wishes to become a prominent artist in Iraq one day.3. Actional Proposition: All the actions of the protagonist are encompassed within this proposition. For instance, from childhood, Javad engages in designing everything and exerts great effort to become an artist.According to Greimas theory, the structure of a narrative consists of three narrative chains:1. The Contractual Chain: Creating a contract and breaking it are elements of this chain. In this novel, Javad makes a personal contract with himself to pursue a career in art and find a job aligned with his field. However, due to the political and social conditions in Iraq, he is forced to break this contract.2. The Executive Chain: This chain pertains to actions and tasks that imply execution and a mission. All of Javad's efforts to achieve his goal are encompassed within this chain.3. The Disjunctive Chain: According to Greimas theory, all stories move from a negative situation to a positive one, or vice versa. This novel transitions from a positive situation to a negative one. At the beginning, Javad leads a peaceful life. However, throughout the story, his brother is killed, his father passes away, and despite his efforts to become an artist, he fails to achieve his goal. From the analysis of the lone pomegranate tree novel the following results are obtained: The overall structure of this novel is Contract-Violation-Punishment. The six narrative elements of the novel are as follows:1. Character: Javad.2. Goal: Pursuing studies in the field of art.3. Receiver: Javad himself.4. Sender: His passion and feelings towards art.5. Helper: Mentor Raed, Javad's brother, and his uncle.6. Opponent: Javad's father and the political and social conditions in Iraq.In this novel, the narrative propositions of Greimas theory (cognitive, descriptive, and actional) are identifiable. The narrative chains of Greimas theory (contractual, executive, and disjunctive) are present in this novel.Keywords: Narratology, Narrative Structure, Greimas, Senan Antoun, The Lone Pomegranate Tree

This article addresses to narrotologyof the anecdote the mouse belonging to frog in masnavi manavi based on theory of Greimas. The auothers try to indicate how to match the structure of the narrative with the model of Greimas. Greimas who is theorist in the field of narrationConsiders the character to be part of the text and subordinate to the action. By placing the main agent in the centre in relation to the goal he changed the role that propp had described and proposed to a new model in this research using descriptive analysis method it was determined that the narrative change of the anecdote can be adapted base on the of situation in comparison to dual confrontation and from actors point of view. There are two models of action in two separate situation and interpretation of the anecdote also were analyzed in two situation s. The plot of the story is logically coherent and resonate with gerems model

Cultural semiotics is one of the fields of semiotics that is associated with the name of Yuri Lutman. Lotman considers culture as a symbolic system in confrontation and interaction with other symbolic systems. From Lutman's point of view, every culture is self-systematic and what is outside the scope of its own culture is known as non-culture. The theory of narrativeness and occurrence based on the theory of Lotman's symbolic sphere considers the event as a kind of change of the norms in the symbolic sphere, which corresponds to the definition of the event from the perspective of Grimas. The present article analyzes the novel "Crime and Punishment" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, relying on Lutman's cultural semiotics and Grimas's narrative process. The purpose of this study is to investigate the practical capabilities of Lutman's theory of cultural semiotics in comparison with Grimassi's narratology, in order to show how the Russian writer presents the main values, including ideology, religion and politics, in opposition to two poles. It compares itself (Russia) and the other (the West). Raskolnikov's metamorphosis and the transition from the border of "other" to "self" in the last part of the novel is formed through a nightmare, which corresponds to passing through an unfavorable situation, sudden and without intervention of the subject. Therefore, the new situation refers to the "self and not the other" approach; The approach that is related to the function of identification and ideology of culture considers Russian culture superior to the West.

 one of the structuralist theorists, Algridas Julien Greimas, is a Lithuanian linguist who is known as one of the most famous theorists of semantics in the field of narrative. The aim of the present study is to investigate the semiotic of Greimas in two prominent works of Golshiri.

 The method of conducting the present research is descriptive-analytic based on library studies, which will be discussed and investigated based on Greimas" discursive semiology approach. In order to achieve the goals of the research, two stories of Christian and Kid and Shazde Ehtejab have been studied completely.

 The novel Christian and Kid and Shazde Ehtejab can be read from the perspective of Greimas"s model due to its complex narrative structure and postmodernist elements such as uncertainty, anachronism, and mixing the real world with the narrator"s (author"s) mental world.

 Christian and Kid novel, with the author"s emphasis on the emotional, spiritual and inner aspects of the fictional characters, including the narrator and Christian, has made an approach of state (emotional) model well. In this novel, Golshiri"s emphasis and attention on emotional and sensory-perceptual factors has created a kind of emotional action between the narrator and Christian, and in the novel Shazde Ehtejab, functions and the author"s main emphasis is on showing the actions of the main actors, including the actors present in the story and the narrative chain of confrontation between these characters.

Grimas was a well-known narratologist influenced by linguists such as Propp, Saussure, and Jakobson. He limited narratives to stories and believed that the emergence of stories was based on the confrontation of actors. According to Grimas, actions shape fictional characters and characters have their actions in stories. His ideas resulted in the action-oriented model, which is still relevant today. In this model, a character's entire being is defined by the role they play in the story. Grimas designed this model to modify Propp's model and evaluate narratives from a new perspective. In his book Semantic Structure (1963), he summarized his work using the concept of action and presented his ideas with clarity and simplicity. Grimas' action model presents a new understanding of the character, where the character's role or action is an abstract or spiritual concept that can represent a person, animal, or even an idea.Numerous studies have explored the use of Grimas' action model in modern novels, highlighting its effectiveness in complex narratives. Naguib Mahfouz's "Al-Hob Taht al-matar" is a realistic and critical novel that tackles political and social issues, presenting an accurate portrayal of Egyptian society during a specific period. The novel's overall narrative structure can be analyzed using Grimas' action pattern, as well as its narrative chains and propositions.

Through the use of Grimas' action model and the descriptive-analytical method, this research has analyzed Naguib Mahfouz's novel "Al-Hob Taht al-matar."

An analysis of the novel "Al-Hob Taht al-matar" revealed that the six actors and narrative chains proposed by Grimas are fully present in this novel. The structure of the story is planned in such a way that the events happen one after the other in a linear timeline. In the plot, the events take place in a continuous chain and follow each other. This coherent and interconnected structure appears in five separate situations. In the first situation, which is the "romantic relationship between Marzouq and Aliat," Marzouq is the subject actor, Aliat is the target actor, and the goal and object of value is connected and married to Aliat. Suniyah is Marzouq's accomplice, and Fatna Nazar is his antagonist. In the second situation under the title: "Samra's becoming interested in reasons and making inappropriate requests from him", Samra's active and active actor is the valuable object of satisfying the reasons, the actor of mental disorder and same-sex orientation, the actor of pathological thoughts and sexual deviations that lead him to his goal. In the first position, we have an unnamed character who guides and serves as the antagonist of Hosni Hijazi. Moving on to the third position, titled "Mani Zahran's Entry into Cinema and Acting", we have Mani Zahran, an active and renowned actor famous for his roles in Suniye and Aliat. He is an anti-actor of Mohammad Rashvan and a valuable asset to the world of cinema. The fourth situation, titled "Ali Zahran's Revenge on Mohammad Rashvan", revolves around Dr. Ali Zahran, who is an active ego and a valuable tool for taking revenge on Mohammad Rashvan. He has a strong sense of duty towards his sister and is determined to defend her lost rights. He is also an accomplice of Hassan's and a noteworthy character in this position. Lastly, we have the fifth position, titled "Ebrahim's Struggle for the Homeland". The active actor in this position is Ibrahim, who is motivated by his love for the country and is the goal and value object of the struggle for the nation. He is an active actor in the homeland and opposes the neglect of Ibrahim's friends and people. He is also a prominent character in Suniyeh.

The research findings on the novel "Al-Hob Taht al-matar" revealed that its general structure can be summarized in five main situations, which took place in a linear and chain-like manner. The characters in the novel played their roles according to Grimas's action model, particularly in the six actions. Furthermore, all the components related to the narrative chains and propositions of Grimas were present in the novel. The findings also showed that the novel had all three narrative chains of contract, dissociation and performance. The most significant contract in the novel was the marriage contract, which was sometimes successful and sometimes unsuccessful. The events in the novel mostly focused on the activists' efforts to achieve success and fame, which often did not come true. The events and movements of the novel often flowed from positive to negative, and few events moved from negative to positive. Regarding the narrative propositions, the novel had all three descriptive, modal, and transitive propositions. The features and characteristics of the key characters of the story, including "Aliat, Marzouq, Hosni Hijazi, Ibrahim, Mani and Fitna Nazar," were presented in detail according to the occurrence of situations related to each of them. In the different situations of the novel, different characters had different goals and aspirations, all of whom faced obstacles in achieving their goals and aspirations with special methods. The actions related to the actors of this novel changed under the influence of the change of position of each actor, and sometimes, one value was replaced by another value.

Asli and Karam are among the Turkish oral love stories that have been popular among the people of Iran, Caucasus, Central Asia and Asia Minor. The action of discourse, space creation, characterization, which are interconnected with the plot of this oral story shows its coherent narrative structure. Today, narratology is one of the most influential and successful fields under structuralism. In this research, we have analyzed the narrative chains, action pattern and semantic square in the main story of Asli and Karam throug qualitative and quantitative analysis using library and documentary methods and based on Grimas's theory of narratology. Our findings show that this story has a consistent plot, and six components of Grimas' narratological action model have a meaningful match with the narrative components in it.

Many critics, including the Paris school, have studied the structures and narrative forms and examined the elements and rules of their composition. Among others, we can mention the model of Grimas, who, by inventing a system based on the representation of shapes for narration, proposes a plan based on how the relationships between units are. Semantics of the school of Paris and Grimas
believe that reality is always elusive and the external factors involved in the emergence of the narrative and its real roots are always ambiguous. Therefore, narration is a kind of simulation of reality. In this article, which was done in a descriptive and analytical way and using library sources; By comparing Ibn Yamin's pieces and Arash Azarpik's works based on the action model of Grimas, he tries to answer the question of what kind of relationship (imitationist, revivalist, innovative, heretical, transcendentalist) exists between the works of these two. In fact, the purpose of this research is to investigate the degree of adaptation and understanding as much as possible to the pieces of Ibn Yamin and Arash Azarpik and to recognize the pattern of grimace, and it concludes that the narrative structure of Arash Azarpik's pieces is innovative compared to Ibn Yamin.

Examining and reviewing the formal and semantic layers of Persian language stories is one of the tasks in the field of contemporary literary criticism. The cultural and linguistic functions of folk tales are the reason for preserving and examining them via literary criticism. They also increase the importance of such stories. The purpose of this study is to investigate the folk tale of "the Pearl Leaf" by Enjavi Shirazi based on structuralists and poststructuralists’ viewpoint. So, adopting a descriptive-analytical approach based on Greimas’ theory, the method of producing and receiving the meaning of this story has been studied and analyzed. Greimas, the semantic semiotician, sought to provide a coherent model for the study of narrative, which was later called the modern semantic semiotics. According to him, the important thing is to know the process of text production from the time of transmission to reception, based on the Actantial and sensitivity elements. In this way, fiction can be considered as a suitable platform for discourse exploration and integration of literature and discourse; since linguistic narrative has opened new windows in the field of fiction. In this study, using the theme of this story, different types of intelligent discourse system and their factors have been extracted. Finally, it has been concluded that although this story comes from the heart of popular culture (folklore), with an appearance simple, yet complex and coherent form, it has a specific structural and narrative pattern and form- Propp's morphology - which has made it fully compatible with Greimas’ theory of semantic semiotics.

path of meaning production until its reception by the audience becomes doubly important. One of these areas of meaning creation that causes the formation of narratives is the discourse systems that include both the action elements that form the cognitive system and the emotional elements that form the emotional system. . In this research, using the analytical-descriptive method and based on Grimas' study model, we have investigated the semiotic-semantic components in the short story of Owner of two gardens in Surah Kahf. Due to the nature of the narrative discourse, this story includes actions and actions, where the main actor of the story, the owner of two gardens, is acting contrary to Maad's plan, and his material power is considered the main driver of his actions. Satan accompanies the actor as an accomplice. Despite being short, this story reaches the stages of preparation and then to the stage of the main test and finally to the test of shamelessness in the story. The dominant discourse in the story is intelligent and the process of value formation is in a way that makes the discourse condemn the morality of arrogance and its main role in creating the thinking and logic of disbelief. The emotional-emotional process of the discourse, in shaping the semantic structure of the narrative, especially in its external sensory-perceptual perceptions (cognitive phenomenon) and its psychological internals, has a tangible impact on the meaning-making process.

Greimas as the founders of the French narrative science was influenced by formalists and structuralists and tried to infuse it with semiotics to establish a theory of meaning. Greimas highlighted meaning and took the conflict between subject and object as the basis for production of meaning in actantial model; meaning is generated through the process of narration. The present study analyzes Bakhtiar Ali’s latest novel titled Bender Feyli based on the actantial model. Bandar as object for the Baath Party and its regime was born and raised in prison with a paradoxical personality. The Baathists tried to erase his identity and include him as a member of their party. This is the drive in the novel till the Baath is defeated and its members are punished. Americans as a new actor free Bender. The main image in the novel consists of freedom and slavery; Greimas considers it as a universal image, composed of a series of minor images. Bender is trapped between freedom and slavery. Bender is freed finally but he does not feel free because he is encouraged by the Iraqis to take his revenge upon the Baathists. However, at the time of revenge, a disease attacks him, which is a sign of health because it frees Bender from being similar to others. The present study investigates the novel based on three pairs of Greimasian actantial model to clarify its manifest and latent layers.

Sign-semantics is one of the domains of the discourse system that studies the mechanisms of formation and production of meaning in texts. Algerdas Grimas, a French semantist, has tried to provide a coherent model for the study of narrative and story in the field of the semantic sign of discourse. According to Grimas, discourse systems are divided into three categories: intelligent discourse, emotional discourse, and event discourse. In this article, using analytical-descriptive method, the types of discourse systems mentioned in the story of Prophet Noah (AS) have been studied. Due to the nature of the narrative discourse, this story contains numerous value-oriented aspects and actions and is noteworthy for examining the semiotics-semantics of the ruling systems in it. In this research, the desired action of the Imam, ie communicating and promoting the legitimacy and oneness of God, is shown with the help of sign-semantics. . The analysis of the action system of the speech of Prophet Noah (pbuh) shows that the first core of the narration is the action of the divine order to call for the monotheism of religion and abandon false gods. The analysis of the emotional system of the discourse of Prophet Noah (pbuh) shows that the elements of the emotional discourse produce the two concepts of teaching the program of religion and servitude and the transmission of the hegemonic discourse of the righteousness and unity of God. The analysis of the tension system of the Prophet's discourse shows that despite his logical words and enlightening discourse, he increases the knowledge of a small number of his companions, and with the increase of knowledge, their faith in the words of the divine saints increases simultaneously.

The study of signs and symbols is known as semiotics, and the understanding of a literary work's main axes is one of structuralism's most significant objectives in the modern period. Increased comprehension of a book results from comprehending its signs; Therefore, various theories have been presented by structuralists about semiotics and reaching its meaning. Using the structure of Propp's semiotic theory, Grimas was able to create the actor model, in order to express the cause and effect of a sign and action by means of it and realize the actionability of a work. The novel " Adrakha Al-Nassian " by "Sana Al Shaalan" is one of the novels of the contemporary period, in which the author uses postmodernist literary techniques to build a love story with numerous characters while also paying attention to social, geographic,religious,romantic, and narrative themes.The action of the story revolves around two main characters, namely "Baha" and "Zahak".The narration of this novel is entrusted to many characters, each of them has different actions. Using the descriptive-analytical method and the semiotic approach of Grimas, this essay seeks to analyze the semiotic square while introducing the actions of different characters.The obtained results show that the author has used active, receiver, sender, hinder and helper actors. Also, characters like " Zahak ", "Timullah-Al-Jaziri" and "Wafa Zaib"have an active role, and the character "Barbara" has an active role. Also, the semiotic square of Grimas leads the audience's mind to concepts such as innocence, the function of forgetting,rebirth and salvation.

Narratology is one of the branches of literary criticism that examines narratives. Vladimir Propp and after him Grimas have made studies in this field. Grimas believed that every story follows one of these narrative structures. 1- Contract (prohibition) - Violation - Punishment 2 - Lack of contract (irregularity) -Existence of contract (order). According to his theory, there are six roles or actors in all narratives, which are the subject, the target, the sender, the receiver, the helper, and the preventer. According to Grimas's theory, narrative propositions (descriptive, modal, transitive) and narrative chains (executive, contractual, disjunctive) can be seen in every story. Based on this, the current research tries to evaluate and criticize the novel Ajam written by the Iraqi writer "Senan Anton" based on the theory of Grimas with a qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical method. In this novel, one of the structures of Grimas's narrative, i.e., contract-violation-punishment, is observed, and the overall course of the story is from positive to negative. Also, in Ajam's novel, six roles or actors, narrative propositions and narrative chains of Grimas theory are clearly defined.

Literary engineering, as one of the main structural mechanisms of words in literary texts, is of significant importance. Because the structural context of the speech, based on the type of each literary genre, shows a unique form and structure, which can be a manifestation of moral, social, cultural relationships and... in a period or in a society. . In the meantime, mystical literature with its systematic structure, in order to have the basics of behavior and methods of seekers, includes a huge range of relationships and relations of fictional literature. It provides a suitable basis for criticizing and analyzing the structural principles of speech based on the intellectual principles of structuralists. This research has explained the mystical engineering of this story in a descriptive-analytical way and in a library method (studying books and theses). And the culture of the people is an era. T

Marzbān-nāma, a work by Marzban – Ibn – Rostam, is one of the works that has significant literary capabilities in terms of literary and aesthetic structures. It includes a collection of fables which is the result of a rewrite in the seventh century AH. The narratives in it worth being analyzed and considered in terms of the science of narratology. In the fourteen narratives of this work, women play significant role. In this study, the position of women’s acts was examined based on Greimas’s model. What the study of conformity between the narratives and narrotology model depicts is that the scientific analysis of the elements and constructive actions in the anecdotes are the ones which can reveal the latent and valuable angles of this work as a specific grammar of female activists in the existing stories Russian formalists or structuralists were the first to study the narrative structure of stories. They attempted to find rules and formulas for literature, just like mathematics, and formulate the stories according to those rules and formulas. After the formalists, structuralists such as Grimas, Todorov, Genet and Bremon focused on the study of narrative structures. They sought to discover patterns and chain relationships in stories and did not pay attention to story elements. In fact, in addition to the development of poetry and stories, the studies conducted by the structuralists also established the field of narratology, which sought to find the grammar or the structure of the story, in other words, the rules that govern the stories. Grimas followed narrative-research extensively. He proposes an action model that is very abstract in nature and should be able to describe the narrative in a general sense and specify all the possible elements of a narrative and the types of combinations of these elements in literary and non-literary texts. He believes that the narrative has two levels, surface and intrinsic; in which surface level is manifested in language, while intrinsic level creates a kind of common structural body. Accordingly, he states that every story has a number of steps and each step has a number of action patterns. Grimas proposed six types of actions in the form of three mutual pairs and created three action patterns: 1- The first action pattern: In this pattern, the subject and the object are mutually paired. The subject is the main actor of the narrative and the object is what the subject is looking for. In fact, the subject of the story is looking for the object of the story. 2- The second action pattern: In this pattern, the sender and receiver are mutual pairs. The sender (motivator) is the agent or because that sends the main actor (subject) to follow the object and the receiver is the person who benefits from the subject's action. 3- The third action pattern: In this pattern, the mutual pair is the opposing and helping force. An opposing force is someone or an agent who tries to prevent the subject from reaching the object, and a helping force is someone or an agent who helps the subject to reach the object. The presence of both opposing and helping forces depends on the level of communication between the sender and the receiver and the subject. The more difficult it is to achieve the object, and the material and spiritual value the object has, the stronger the presence of the opposing force. The helper helps either at the request of the actor or without his request. Also, the helper is either internal, such as intelligence, sagacity, resourcefulness, cunningness, etc., or it is external; that is, it is a character that helps the main actor.

The story of Pir-e Changi is one of the interesting stories of Molavi in the first book of Mathnavi, from which different readings have been made, and in each reading, somehow one of the semantic dimensions and hidden aspects has been reviewed. In this study, we analyze the narrative structure of this story based on the narrative pattern of Grimas, whose main goal is to draw the narrative plan of the story and while answering the following questions in specific ways: What is the main function of this story that forms the basis of its narrative design? What are the accessory/implicit stories that have been included in this story? Do the components of the whole narrative system reinforce problems as the main function of this story? It is assumed that among all the functions included in the story of Pir-e Changi, two functions can be considered as the main functions in it that produce two themes, ‘seeking wealth’ that Pir Changi demands from God by playing the harp and superficial judgment, and ‘lack of awareness from the truth’. From among these two important functions, drawing the plan of the story and appropriate meanings of the implicit stories with the help of the Greimas narrative model, one of the functions can be considered the main core of all functions. The results of the study show that based on the deep structure of narrative and actants, Pir-e Changi’s outgoing from a closed place to the desert is the main function of the story that forms the fundamental theme that is ‘lack of awareness of the truth’, because both deep narrative structure and implicit stories make a system to form this function and theme.

Leyli and Majnoon are among Ganjavi's nizami poems that have had a great impact on the storytelling of Persian literature and have been imitated many times. In this research, using analytical descriptive method, Ganjavi's nizami narrative models in Leyli and Majnoon's narration have been studied. The results show that the main confrontation in this work is the confrontation that arose from the society of the age, a confrontation that is rooted in ethnic nervousness. The actions of the actors in this story are also significant based on this confrontation. Madman is a dynamic character who changes and transforms, but Leyli has a static personality. The protagonist of the story is insane, and those around him also play a supporting role. The main deterrent to this story is Leyli's father, and the value object is love, and for this reason the story has found a mystical color and smell.

the semantic sign analysis of the Paris school examines the relationship between linguistic signs in discursive system and the study of two narrative and semantic structures in two levels of structured and profound construction. This analysis shows that a sign in relation to other discriminant signs goes through a process that has a special meaning. In the study of surface structure of elements such as the external and internal forms of discourse, the dynamic dimension of the word, the role of effective verbs, actors, action, the relationship of elements in the axis of substitution and association, features and isotopes, and the like, and in the deep study of the semantic square and its relationship with the narrative structure and the semantic role of effective verbs in theology and in the interactive level of discourse, the study of the dimensions of cognitive, action, and emotional, are effective tools in semantic analysis. In this descriptive – analytical study, we tried to examine the structure of narrative syntax in the story of “entekhab” by Simin Daneshvar by studing the elements of narrative syntax, we show discursive signs in many stories of such a process to lead to the formation of the meaning of the story.

Greimas is a narrative structuralism theorists whose views have been widelyadopted by researchers. His narrative theory is noteworthy due to its particulardivisions. This descriptive-analytical study provides a pathological review ofmore than 60 research articles published in Iranian journals up to 2021. Thisresearch is significant due to the incorrect understandings of Greimas’ theorythat have led to conducting certain structured researches with incorrectanalyses and interpretations. The results suggest that most of such researchesare not based on Greimas's theory as they have not referenced to his originalbook but the articles or books mentioning Greimas's opinions. When it comesto Greimas's theory, it is evident that the literary text has been ignored andthe text has been used as a critical practice to prove a theory. Sometimes, theresearchers clearly implied that the research fully agrees with the Greimas'spattern, a sign of improper understanding of the way to conduct as theoreticalresearch.