metaphors

One of the most important ways to convey the concepts of sustainability to children is to use imaginative forms of poetry. The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze imaginary forms (simile, metaphor, metaphor and irony) in children's stability poems. The population studied in this research is a collection of poems by Leila Jafari. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The results showed that among the imaginary forms, the element of simile has been used the most in the poet's poems. The reason is to provide tangible and objective images of the bitter and violent events of the war. The poet provides the child with a scary and violent atmosphere of war with the help of delicate and tangible images so that the reader can get acquainted with the phenomenon of war and its events. In classifying images, the poet has used both surface and depth images.

Discourse space is a key element in conveying concepts in a play text. This article will look forward to answer this question how metaphors could be used in discourse about social and historical problems and their usage in play texts as a linguistic form. Hence we will use George Lakoff and Zoltan Kovecses views and then we will show how metaphors which are the building blocks of Language and Culture, are used to help form the discourse space. Lakoff and Kovecses look to discourse space, as a result of interaction between mind, body and type of the culture that interactors live within. Hence in a play text, we will face a complex interaction between writer’s / audience mind in one hand, and experience and physical and mental abstraction in another hand. Also the context where the play text is formed in, and the context where it is comprehend, are key elements. This article will show how by using metaphors and cultural and historical contexts, Akbar Radi has managed to create a complex and deductive discourse space in Ofol text. So in first level, we are facing with linguistic metaphors which act in text structures (dialogues, atmospheres and characterizations), and in higher level, we are facing with conceptual metaphors which act by making connection between play text origination and audience experiences that merge contextual discourse space into audience mind space which will result in a new discourse space.

Imagination that is the key element in poem, is the communication bridge between the feelings and thoughts and the poet's words that emotion is conveyed through it and it is the criterion measure for a literary work. Shakeh and Khan Mansoor are two Ilami Kurdish poets who like Rumi and Shams Tabrizi had been murid and murad(disciple and master) and own a poem book in Kalhori dialect which has been collected by the efforts of Mohammad Ali Ghasemi and Ali Reza Khani. These powerful poets have used imagery to explain and convey meanings in their poem book. Metaphor is the most important pillar of expression ability and its analysis in terms of structure and content can also be an expression of poets own language. This paper has attempted to assess metaphor’s theoretical bases using analytical - descriptive methods by giving examples of metaphors used in this poem book and describing them in terms of form, use of connectives and quasis, clears to readers the poet's ability how to convey concepts and explain ends of words and influence of words of these two to.