muslims

India because of its unique features like the, Natural resources, Geopolitical location, Cultural diversity and historical experiences, it is very important for every observer and researcher. Indian society is a picture of heterogeneity and conflict of desires, The tendencies of religions and cultures. Followers of all religions and groups, including Muslims, play a major role in the structure of India. Characters such as Dr. Zaker Hossein, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad and Abu Bakr Zin al-Abedin Abdul Kalam has held the presidency of India at various times Sectarian clashes between Muslims and Hindus intensified with the rise to power of the Narendra Modi Hindu National Party led by Narendra Modi in 2014. These atrocities and killings undermine India's reputation as the world's largest democracy and raise serious questions about the state of democracy. The results of this research, In answer to the question, what are the causes of violence of extremist groups against Indian Muslims? It shows that what has disrupted the interaction between Muslims and extremist groups in Indian society is, on the one hand, the economic, social and religious inequalities within Indian society, and, on the other hand, the involvement of external factors in fomenting these differences. This study uses descriptive-analytical method and by collecting library documents to investigate the various causes of violence in India.

The book “Tahrik-e- Azadi men urdu ka hisa” (Army’s share in the freedom movement) is the work of the famous contemporary scholar Moinuddin Aqeel. The book, published in 2008, is one of the scholar's most valuable works on the history of Urdu in terms of Islamism, nationalism, libertarianism, and its impact on strengthening the Islamic mentality and promoting the social consciousness of Muslims. Here, the author has studied all the literary and non-literary forms of literature, including poetry and literary prose, even lectures, sermons, and conventions. The introduction of religious, political and literary movements on this subject has added to the scientific value and data of this research.

Among Muslim's and non Muslim's governor's way of thinking, there is a close relationship between human and cosmos. They see nature with all its beauty and grandeur affected with mysterious and sacred spirit. They also maintained that there exists a connection between the essence of human and heart of nature that can be only realized and discovered through numerical computation and geometrical patterns. This study attempts to discover how the conceptual meanings of symbolic patterns used in the sacred architecture can link human spirit to the cosmos. Historical approach, field and library research methods are employed to examine the distinctive sacred buildings of the orient. This research has used various resources to find out the harmonies between forms, colors, commonalities and conceptual meanings existed among the holy buildings of different religions. The aim of this research is to examine the impact of circular and square symbolical patterns on sacred architecture of Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists.

Meaning of Islamic unity in two internal & external levels of diplomatic idea of Islam has superior place. Present situation of world of Islam and various devilish plots for provoking disputes and enmity among the Muslims shows well the necessity of this issue. Undoubtedly, the survey of valuable experience of leaders of Islamic world unity at present age, especially survey of Seyed Jamal Al-Din Asad Abadi’s ideas and opinions is so necessary. He, as an Islamic leader, knows Islamic world unity a valuable goal not only a diplomatic issue. He, therefore, appointed an exact and useful plan for accessing to the goal. The most important plans include:A) Introducing reasons of provoking disputes among Islamic world.
B) Using some utilities of west world to introduce their role in provoking disputes among Muslims.
C) Encouraging leaders and heads of Islamic world to apply unity among Muslims and usage of it.
D) Emphasizing on the bases of Islamic unity and regional identity for developing Islamic fraternity.

The present article studies the Quds city and the holy status it has gained in the history. It also reviews its geographical and historical characteristics in time especially the historical demography of this city and its neighbors in the 16th century. This century starts with the occupation of the city by crusaders and thus the decrement of population due to the death of 70 thousand people of the inhabitants of this city. The historical demography of the city of Quds ant decrement of its population could be pointed out through the depiction of a chart. Haj Boursha’sconsiderations in his descriptions of the holy land and its tribes, religions, sects and demographic elements in centuries are also a proof of this fact.