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Modern and ancient Arabic terms have become common in such a way that they have become the spice of every formal and informal speech or writing in the present era and play an essential role in media such as newspapers, websites, and various literary, political, religion books, articles, plays, speeches and also in everyday conversations. This causes research to be carried out in the field of rooting, analysis, and linguistic, conceptual, and literary analysis of these terms to express the literary richness, linguistic structure, beauty of composition, and the deep theme and meaning hidden in these terms as well as their main origin and influence. Check the acceptability of these terms from other cultures and languages. The stated items are the topics that will be investigated in this research; Based on this, this research includes two main parts: 1-Conceptual examination and 2- Linguistic examination of Arabic terms. The conceptual part will be examined in several parts, including the impact of faiths and beliefs, cultures, surrounding environment, Quranic origin, story, or historical event. In the linguistic part, the expression and examination of the linguistic structure of terms, and their verbal and linguistic similarities with the language will be examined. Persian, verbal and spiritual harmony and the frequency of some words will be discussed; certainly, these terms may be used in different political, social, In addition, their culture is also discussed and at the end, the general result of this research is presented in such a way that it answers the questions.

Information, structure as well as phonetic, syntactic and semantic construction, has been one of the subjects of attention among linguists in recent years. Since information structure or , in other words, the way of distributing syntactic structures in dramatic texts is of great importance, the textual totality of the play ofool by Akbar Radi is used as linguistic data and as evidence in the analysis of the construction of information in sentences. To the knowledge of the authors of this research, no research has been conducted on the arrangement of sentence information in the dramatic genre; To this end, Akbar Radi's play entitled ofool was chosen as the corpus of research. The research method is descriptive-analytical. In order to analyze the informative structure of sentences, some phonetic, lexical and syntactic rules have been analyzed and summarized in this research. The findings revealed that this play is not the case of exception and encompasses all the advantages of this linguistic devices. In their own turn , these devices can be served to demonstrate staging, characterization and other dramatic thems. This linguistic devices are also used to serve the aesthetic aspects of the dramatic genre and create textual cohesion.

One of the important components in Halliday's systematic role-oriented linguistics is the category of subject-predicate, by means of which the process of initialization and construction of old and new information can be investigated in any text, including Manteq-al- Tayr. Therefore, with the descriptive-analytical method, we are trying to investigate the problem of simple and compound primers according to Michael Halliday's approach in Manteq-al-Tayr. The purpose of the research is to investigate the frequency of the most types of initiators, scrambling, and to explain the verbal purposes hidden in the depth of the textual structure of Manteq-al-Tayr. The results of the research show that the percentage of multiple themes is more than simple themes, which indicates the affinity of the text with the speech, and also, Attar has used all the capacities to facilitate readers' understanding. In the simple themes, the poet has used the initial construction of the verb, more than other initial constructions of object, complement, adjective, interrogative and adverb, which has made the construction of information clauses stand out and marked. Among multiple themes, textual primers have a higher frequency than interpersonal primers. Textual primers have played a significant role in the textual coherence of Manteq-al- Tayr.

An examination of the remnants of ancient Iranian texts demonstrates the importance of friendship in the beliefs of ancient Iranians. According to the teachings presented in these texts, achieving the desired Ahurai world depends on a correct understanding of the concept of friendship in teachings of Zoroaster. This descriptive-analytical study examines the various aspects of the concept of friendship in surviving texts of ancient Iran and seeks to answer the question of how the types of friendship appeared in the Achaemenid inscriptions and the texts of the old and new Avesta. The findings of this study show that In Gathas, the levels of friendship are expressed through friendship with Zarathustra and attribution to the Ahuraian attributes (six Amshaspandans). Zarathustra has provided a hierarchy according to which the Zoroastrian person at each stage is characterized by various manifestations of friendship and eventually achieves the friendship of Ahuramazda. With the spread of instances of doctrine, expressions of friendship have increased in the late Avesta. The Yazatas and Fravahr of good people are those who’ve joined the friends of Ahuramazda and mediate achieving friendship with Ahuramazda. Sushyants are also mentioned in the explanation of the end of the world; friends of Ahuramazda who will determine the fate of the great battle.The concept of friendship in Achaemenid inscriptions is based on creating a bond of friendship with Mazda effects. The consequences of friendship with truth and friendship with untruth and their impact on the fate of the kingdom are expressed.

Other things being equal, grammatical subject is coded as the theme of the clause. In marked cases, however, other non-subject arguments and prepositional phrases may appear as the theme due to some processes, including pre-posing. Accordingly, the goals of the present study are three-fold. First, it aims at investigating the information status of grammatical subject as the unmarked theme of the clause. Secondly, it intends to find the marked themes in the non-canonical constructions, including inversion, topicalization, passivization, and scrambling. Preposing as a cover terms includes all these processes. Accordingly, this study is set out to examine information status, syntactic category, and grammatical function of preposed constituents (marked themes). The degree of matching between grammatical subject and theme is also investigated. This study is a corpus-based one in which the data are collected from two different corpora: a movie (Separation by Farhadi) and a football report. The theory of information structure by Prince (1992) revised in Birner (2013) is adopted as theoretical model of the study. Based on this theory, information is classified in terms of discourse and hearer. Accordingly, information status of any constituent can be one of these for cases: discourse old- hearer old, discourse old- hearer new, discourse new- hearer old, and discourse new- hearer new. This classification is applied to the collected themes (both marked and unmarked) of both corpora. Halliday (2004) is another theoretical basis of this study. Different types of themes are taken from Halliday(2004) to be analyzed in terms of information status. The focus in this study is on topical themes (not interpersonal or textual themes). The target themes were, then, coded based on the theoretical model and they were analyzed by SPSS (version 23). In terms of syntactic markedness, the results indicated that in football report, there were more numbers of marked syntactic structures comparing with the film corpus. As for the match between subject and theme, the results indicated a higher amount of match between these two concepts in film corpus comparing with football report corpus. The lower match between subject and theme in football report can be accounted for by the higher number of movements and dislocations in the syntactic category of this type of language.  As stated, the main goal of this study was to investigate the information status of both marked and unmarked themes. As for unmarked theme (subject), the results showed that in film corpus such themes are mainly old (more than 90%) both in terms of discourse and hearer. In contrast, the themes were found to be mainly discourse-old but hearer new (more than 65%) in the football report corpus.  This is due to the different nature of these two corpora. In daily conversations (film), we have topic continuity, while in football the sentences are expressed to refer to different individuals (no topic continuity). As stated, preposed (marked themes) are also investigated. As for information status, there is almost the same pattern as unmarked themes. Most of the marked themes in film corpus are old both in terms of discourse and hearer. In football report corpus, however, the marked themes (preposed themes) are mainly discourse- old and hearer new. This is somehow problematic, since the discourse old entities cannot be hearer-new. Prince (1992) resolved this problem by raising the issue of schemata and set relations. She believed that many referents are implied in the discourse and hence counted as being discourse-old.  She called them inferable. In football report corpus, there were many such inferable marked themes. Another unexpected finding was the high amount of new preposed themes in film corpus which seems to contradict the previous literature (Birner, (1996), for example). Careful examination of literature does not ban the occurrence of new pre-posed items in theme position, although themes naturally have identifiable referents. ‘recency of new-ness/ old-ness proposed by Birner (1996) can account for the emerged pattern in the present study. The results of this study are important both theoretically and practically. Many findings showed that the constraints on preposing are not observed in the two investigated corpora. It implies that Persian language, due to its flexible word order, does not follow the rules of other languages. It seems there is a connection between language type and the kind of the constraints in that language. This can be a suggestion for further study to find the appropriate constraints governing information status of themes in Persian. Another implication of this study is the fact that in the same language, we do not have the same patterns as far as the information status of themes is concerned. As it was found, the information status of themes in film corpus was dramatically different from football report corpus. Therefore, one cannot generalize the results obtained in a study to the whole language.

As a contemporary fiction writer، Bizhan Najdi is less appreciated despite the fact that his short stories are of significant depth and deserve close examination. Through the poetic language، “A Plant in Quarantine” creates a situation which provides a fertile ground to inspect the relation between past and present. A deep analysis of this relationship is the main focus of this paper. In this study، using the theories of Hegel، Foucault، and Hutcheon concerning Historical approach، and provided with the literary practice of Greenblatt and Montrose، the incidents and characters of the story are put into the intricate socio-historical context in which the writer lived، and then the active role of history is analyzed. The findings of the paper show that the unpleasant presence of the main character’s ancestral past is the cause of his predicaments. Such a reading of the story introduces history as an active agent of the present.

The new Persian is the trail of the old Persian ,and has influenced it in the field of syntax and vocabulary. For this reason, we should find the trail of these structures in the new Persian. The aorist stem (root+s) is one of the verbal structures in the Old Persian on which the new Persian has been added. As a result, we have explained the structure of the aorist stem in the Indo-European, Avesta and Old Persian languages. Then, we have reconstructed the words based on the ancient texts which have remained from this verbal structure from the Indo-European until the new Persian.

Iran`s contemporary literature represents deep changes and innovations in the areas of word and meaning. These changes can sometimes be attributed to literature scholars or originated from direct and indirect adoptions from the world of literature. SiminBehbahani represents those poets who distanced from the traditional attitude and followed a reformist approach، with a look on the European literature. In the present descriptive-analytic study، romanticism has been surveyed in SiminBehbahani’s four anthologies named، Ja-ye Pa (Footprint)، Chelcheragh (Chandelier)، Marmar (Marbel)، and Rastakhiz (Resurrection). Researchers have categorized the research findingsinto individualism (Romanticism، depression and grief)، nostalgia (remembering the beloved، childhood، civilization criticism، regretting for the attrition of the ideals)، myths،simplicity and ignoring traditional disciplines، blaming capitalism، sympathy with nature، intuitive religiousness، eroticism، social romanticism (sympathy with the poor and their grief،feminism)، and revolutionary passion (fighting with despotism، liberty، and idealism). The results show that although most romanticism elements are found in SiminBehbahani’spoetry، some elements have changed، while some others have been added. It can be said that SiminBehbahani’s romanticism is an Iranian version of romanticism.

In this article، a new-found sonnet ascribed to Attar Neishaburi is introduced. In the book Oradalahbab va Fosusaladab this sonnet has been used as witness for explaining the meaning of “Kharabat”. Abulmafakher Yahia Bakhrazi، the author of this book، has stated clearly that this poem belongs to Attar Neishaburi. Moreover، linguistic clues and not being in the oldest version of Araghi’s Divan prove the validity of such ascription. The important point here is that this sonnet is seen in the Divan of Fakhrodin Araghi (corrected by Saied Nafisi) with little lexical differences and addition of two verses. By studying the eighteen versions used by Nafisi in his correction، it becomes clear that this sonnet does not exist in the basic version and the selection has been done on the basis of two later versions. Moreover، this sonnet is not in the collection of Araghi’s works (critically corrected by Mohtasham) which is based on fifteen versions and it was not found in nine manuscripts observed by the authors of this article. The results of this study show that by searching in Persian printed and hand-written texts، several verses of Attar Neishaburi can be found which have not yet been discovered by Attar’s researchers.

Bactria is a source of New-Persian literature. Therefore، New-Persian has borrowed a number of Bactrian words. These words may be classified in two groups. The first group includes words in which old Iranian «d» was converted to «l». The members of this group are more than those of the second group. The second group includes words in which this phonological conversion did not take place.

This research will try out to investigate into information structure and discusse items such as new and old information and Finally introduce Prince΄s categorization of information.